Early Childhood Development and Education, Exams of Advanced Education

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NES Early Childhood Education Practice Test

with actual exam questions and answers 2023

Which of the following behaviors reflects an infant's development of an understanding of object permanence? - Searching for a toy under a blanket Erickson's psychological theory of development hypothesizes that, at the beginning of the elementary school years, the primary conflict facing young children is that of: - Industry vs. Inferiority During which age span do young children typically first begin to demonstrate goal-directed actions? - 0 - 2 years Which of the following is most characteristic of the language development of a typical three- year-old child? - Speaking in complete simple sentences (e.g., "I want a cookie.") Which of the following is most important to address in a health and safety unit for kindergarteners as they begin the school year? - Procedures for crossing streets, parking lots, driveways and bus safety A preschool teacher observes two three-year-olds playing silently side by side in a sandbox, each building a castle. Which of the following would be the most appropriate conclusion for the teacher to draw in regard to this behavior? - The children's play falls within the developmentally appropriate range for preschoolers Which of the following types of peer relationships are most characteristic of second-grade students? - Small, same gender groups The curriculum is an early childhood program encourages young children to become engaged in challenging activities that involve both planning and problem solving. This aspect of the curriculum is most likely to promote the children's ability to: - Approach new learning experiences with confidence Which of the following would be the most effective method to use for monitoring the progress of second-grade students in mathematics? - Conducting frequent curriculum-based assessments Which of the following reflects the best use of a developmental screening checklist with preschool children? - To identify children who are in need of more in-depth assessment in specific areas

Which of the following assessment adaptations would be most appropriate to use with a first- grade English language learner? - Using culturally relevant materials Which of the following assessment strategies would provide a kindergarten teacher with the most comprehensive information about a student's oral language development? - Observing the student during conversations with peers Which of the following is the most appropriate rationale for using a team approach when assessing young children? - Coordination of assessment results from a variety of disciplines increases the effectiveness of instruction A first-grade teacher is participating in an initial special education evaluation of a student in the teacher's class. In addition to documenting the student's current level of academic performance, the teacher would typically provide which of the following information to the evaluation team? - Documentation of the strategies and modifications to instruction that have been tried with the student Which of the following is an ethical responsibility of a preschool teacher regarding the assessment of young children? - Respecting the privacy of the data that are collected Toward the end of the unit on animals, a second grade class goes on a field trip to the zoo. upon returning the teacher engages the students in a discussion of what they saw and experienced at the zoo. Then, as an evaluation exercise, the teacher asks that each student draw picture with a written description. this activity is characteristic of which of the following assessment methods? - Performance-based In general, children of preschool age feel most secure in educational settings that - Offer a balance of calm and active learning experiences in a predictable and orderly environment A child in a preschool class continually tests the rules and disobeys the teacher. The teacher decides that she can best meet the child's needs by establishing clear limits and being consistent in imposing consequences for misbehavior. Whenever disciplinary measures are necessary, the teacher should ensure that the child understands that: - The consequences are a direct result of the child's misbehavior A kindergarten teacher is arranging the classroom for the first day of school. The teacher has planned a variety of whole-class and small-group activities for the day. In the area of the room where whole-class meetings will be held, the teacher lays out a carpet square for each child. The best rationale for this practice is that it: - Provides an environmental cue that helps students understand what they are expected to do Which of the following would be a third-grade teacher's best strategy for ensuring that transitions in the classroom are accomplished with a minimum of disruption and wasted time? -

Teaching students a sequence of steps to follow when it is time to move from one activity to the next A first-grade student with disabilities leaves his general education classroom frequently to work with specialists in a resource room. The first-grade teacher wants to ensure that the general education classroom represents a positive and secure environment for this student. Which of the following actions by the first-grade teacher would best foster the achievement of this objective? - Designing instruction that supports the student's development of friendships and sense of belonging in the classroom community A kindergarten teacher often uses blocks as learning tools in various areas of the curriculum. The teacher is currently planning activities to promote the children's problem-solving skills. Which of the following activities with blocks would best support this objective? - Having children work in small groups to build a block structure that will support a heavy book A first-grade teacher frequently takes advantage of the children's enjoyment of creative movement to foster learning across the curriculum. Which of the following would be the teacher's best strategy for using creative movement to support vocabulary development? - Commenting during movement activities on the movements made by the children, using expressive language to describe the movements and the mood they create Which of the following would be an early childhood teacher's best strategy for promoting students' respect and appreciation for diversity? - Ensuring that the perspectives and experiences of diverse peoples are a consistent feature of the curriculum Which of the following materials would most likely be appropriate for promoting the fine motor development of four-year-old children? - As assortment of wooden jigsaw puzzles containing from 8 to 25 pieces A preschool teacher who works with four-year-old children should be most concerned about the oral language development of a child who has difficulty: - Describing recent events in which the child has participated During an upcoming open house, a preschool teacher plans to give a brief presentation to parents/guardians about ways to promote their children's language development. Which of the following recommendations would be most appropriate for the teacher to include in this presentation? - "Talk to your child throughout the day and encourage him or her to participate in conversations with family members as much as possible." A preschool teacher would like to improve students' listening skills during morning circle time. Which of the following strategies would best promote this goal? - Incorporating activities that require active listening (identifying the sources of various sounds, listening for words that start with a specific letter)

A second-grade class includes two students who have language delays and who tend to speak to peers and adults only when necessary. Which of the following teacher strategies would be most effective for increasing the students' use of oral language in the classroom? - Setting up small-group activities on a regular basis that require students to talk to one another in order to complete assignments Students in a kindergarten class are telling their teacher about a recent class field trip. As the students share their experiences, the teacher writes their thoughts on chart paper. The teacher then reads aloud what the students have dictated. Which of the following describes the best rationale for incorporating this type of activity into instruction? - To foster students' literacy skills by building upon their oral language skills Which of the following would be the most effective strategy for a kindergarten teacher to use in promoting the communication skills of a student who is an English language learner? - Facilitating the student's full participation in activities with peers (exploring sand-table materials, role-playing in the class post office) A third-grade teacher observes a new student who is an English language learner using sentences that include both English words and words in the student's primary language. Which of the following would be the teacher's most appropriate response to this observation? - Ignoring the student's switching between languages and encouraging the student's efforts to communicate with others Young children's development of a large oral vocabulary is likely to support their future reading development most directly by: - Preparing them to comprehend words encountered in print A toddler teacher regularly engages children in oral word games and encouraged their spontaneous generation of nonsense words and sentences that rhyme. These practices help lay the foundations for formal reading and writing instruction primarily by: - Fostering children's enjoyment of language play A kindergarten teacher regularly takes her class on walks through the school and around the school grounds. During these walks, the teacher has the children identify letters and words on signs, building, and vehicles. This activity is particularly effective for promoting the children's: - Familiarity with environmental print Which of the following teacher strategies would be most effective for supporting children's recognition that in English print is read from left to right? - Pointing to each word of text while reading Big Books aloud to the class on a regular basis During a literacy activity, a kindergarten teacher asks students to answer a series of oral questions such as the ones shown below. What sound is the same in cake, coat, and couch? Which word does not belong? Pie, puddle, tooth, partyWhich word ends the same way as kite?

nine, rose, cone, boatThis activity would best promote children's development of: - Phonemic Awareness A first-grade teacher writes the following words on the board: said, are, they, come, and was. In reviewing the spelling of these words with students, the teacher should emphasize the concept that these words: - Do not follow phonics rules, so the students need to learn to recognize and spell them as whole words The student writing sample that appears below exemplifies which of the following stages of development? "I that he racked the leaves all reddy!"I thought he raked the leave already! - Transitional Which of the following students entering first grade should be considered at the highest risk of experiencing difficulties in learning to read? - A student with limited oral language development Which of the following assessment strategies would provide the best measure of a student's mastery of the alphabetic principle? - Having a student read aloud a list of phonetically regular nonsense words A kindergartener is reading a story to a doll. The children's cannot yet actually read but is retelling a story that was read aloud earlier in the day. During this activity, the child moves a finger along the liens of text and points out pictures to the doll. This behavior most strongly suggests that the child has developed: - Understanding that written symbols convey meaning A kindergarten student has developed phonemic awareness and has learned the most common sounds represented by the letters a, d, f, i, m, o, r, s, and t. Which of the following lessons would be most effective to plan next for a student at this stage of reading development? - Sounding out and blending the letters in words such as mat and sat For students in the partial alphabetic stage of word reading, which of the following activities would be most appropriate for reinforcing explicit phonics instruction? - Writing independently using invented spelling Beginning readers are likely to have the most difficultly decoding which of the following word types? - CVCe words, such as ride To help determine instructional reading levels at the beginning of the school year, a second- grade teacher would like to assess students' sight-word vocabulary. To gather this information, the teacher would most appropriately engage each student in reading: - Published lists of high- frequency words Showing young readers how to make a story map is an effective strategy for helping them: - Understand the relationships between main events, characters, and ideas in a text

A third-grade teacher would like to help students find information about butterflies in a book of insects. Which of the following instructional strategies is likely to be most effective for this purpose? - Using an overhead transparency to demonstrate how to use the book's table of contents A small group of students in a second-grade class reads the first page of a story silently as their teacher reads it aloud. After reading the first page, the teacher leads a brief discussion on what has happened in the story so far. At this point in the activity, which of the following would be the teacher's best approach for motivating the students to read the rest of the story independently while the teacher works with another group of students? - Asking the students to generate predictions about what might happen in the story Activities such as reading poems chorally and singing songs are likely to be most effective for promoting students' ability to recognize and respond to which of the following literary elements? - Rhyme and meter To enhance reading comprehension, an early elementary teacher wants students to develop the habit of asking questions about what they are reading. The teacher begins by explaining that questioning can be an effective tool for increasing comprehension. The best step for the teacher to take next would be to: - Model the use of the strategy bye pausing to ask questions about a text while reading it to the class At the beginning of the school year, a third-grade teacher tells students that they will be keeping literature logs in which they will write about the books they read. Which of the following directions by the teacher would best help ensure that the logs foster students' thoughtful response to literature? - "Focus on what you think or feel about a book and give reasons for your reactions." A first-grade student wants to write about a trip he took to a park over the weekend, but he is unsure what to write. Which of the following would be an effective prewriting strategy for the teacher to use with this student? - Having the student audio-record his thoughts about the trip Which of the following is the most important factor in an English language learner's ability to develop writing skills in English? - The student's level of literacy development in the primary language During a science unit on dinosaurs, second-grade students write down three facts they have learned about one type of dinosaur and draw a picture that illustrates those three facts. This student activity is likely to be most helpful in preparing students for which of the following types of writing? - Descriptive During a science unit on ecology, students in a third-grade class decide to start a class project of saving paper for recycling. The teacher plans to integrate writing instruction with the project. Which of the following writing tasks would likely be most effective for developing students'

ability to write to a specific audience? - A letter to the school principal describing benefits of the project Which of the following statements best describes how the use of invented spellings of English words reflects a stage of writing development in English language learners? - Invented Spellings indicate an awareness of letter-sound correspondence A preschooler shows the teacher a recently completed drawing. The child says, "this is a house". Then, pointing to a series of jagged lines around the picture, the child ass, "this says, my house, a big, white house". This child is most clearly demonstrating awareness that: - Writing represents spoken language In a writing program for emergent writers, a preschool teacher's primary emphasis should be on encouraging the children to: - Write often and for a variety of real purposes Which of the following would be a teacher's best strategy for promoting writing development in four-year-old children? - Placing writing materials throughout the classroom's various learning centers and play areas The speed of the basic underlying beat of a musical composition is called the: - Tempo Which of the following would be the most appropriate type of printmaking activity for kindergarten-age students? - Stamp printing To promote creative development in young children when they are creating hand- or finger- paintings, the children should be encourage to: - Use different parts of their hands to explore how each part makes a different kind of mark As part of a science unit on plant growth, a third-grade teacher has each student plant a seed in a container and care for it as it grows. Once a week, the students are asked to draw a picture of their plant as it appears that day, then compare the pictures and note the changes that occur over time. This activity best illustrates how the visual arts can be used to help students develop:

• Observation skills A preschool teacher is creating a music center for a classroom of three- and four-year-olds. Which of the following musical instruments would be most appropriate to include for children of this age? - Drums, rhythm sticks, and bells Which of the following arts-related activities is most likely to contribute to young children's understanding of the mathematical concept of pattern? - Practicing rhythmic dance movements Which of the following activities in a first-grade classroom would be integrate social skills learning with arts learning? - The class plans and works together to design and create a thematic mural with paint and collage

A three-year-old child makes a scribble with a crayon and tells the teacher, "this is my kitty". Which of the following responses by the teacher would be most developmentally appropriate?

• Expressing interest in and enjoyment of the drawing The children in a kindergarten class become very excited about a new story heard during story time and repeatedly ask the teacher to read it again. When the teacher proposes that the class act out the story, the children respond with enthusiasm. The teacher's most developmentally appropriate goal for this activity would be for the children to: - Explore and express their own ideas and feelings about the story Which of the following is most significant risk to young children posed by environmental exposure to lead through paint or other sources? - Neurological impairment An early childhood teacher strongly suspects that a child in her class has conjunctivitis (pinkeye). Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the teacher to take in an attempt to prevent the spread of this infection to other children? - Contact the child's parents/guardians immediately to discuss her concerns and request that they seek medical attention for their child A preschool teacher bring a group of four-year-old children outside to plan on a playground with various types of equipment. Which of the following gross motor activities would likely be most appropriate for children in this age group? - Riding tricycles on a level surface A kindergarten teacher is planning a unit on dental hygiene. Which of the following would be most appropriate student learning goal for the unit? - Demonstrate proper techniques for brushing teeth A toddler teacher schedules outdoor playtime every day. On days when the weather is very warm, which of the following safety practices would be most important for the teacher to follow? - Having the children take breaks and drink fluid while they are outdoors Which of the following would be the most effective way for a preschool teacher to build students' understanding of good nutritional practices? - Having children assist int he preparation of nutrias snacks as a part of the daily classroom routine Students in a third-grade class have been engaged in a multidisciplinary unit focused on learning about class members' cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The teacher decides to include folk dances as a component of the unit to integrate cultural learning with the promotion of physical fitness. Folk dancing would likely be especially effective for promoting physical fitness in the area of: - Cardiovascular endurance A child in an early childhood class has cerebral palsy. The child is able to maintain stability while standing and walking and can grip with her left hand, but she has difficulty using her hand to

lift. Which of the following would be the teacher's best modification of a movement activity in which the whole class will wave a parachute up and down? - Positioning the child between classmates in a way that allows her to hold on while they control the up-and-down motion A pair of first-grade students uses a 2.5 inch block to measure the length of a table. The students use a 5 inch block to measure a different table of the same length. They announce to the teacher that the first table is longer than the second table. The teacher then measures the two tables with a ruler and shows the students that the two tables are the same length. This situation could be most appropriately used for introducing the students to which of the following mathematical concepts? - Standard units of measure A kindergarten teacher keeps a large calendar on the classroom wall. Each morning, the teacher and the children discuss the weather, and the children decide whether they should place a sun or a cloud on the calendar. Which of the following teacher-led activities would be most effective and developmentally appropriate for integrating math into this science activity? - Creating weather picture graph and updating it daily In a bag of marbles, 2 are blue, 3 are free, and 3 are red. What is the probability that a marble drawn at random from the bag will be blue? - 1/ 1 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 If the pattern show above where extended, which arrow would be in the 13th position? - 2 Which of the following behaviors by a child demonstrates an understanding of one-to-one correspondence? - Counting a group of ten objects by touching each object while saying its number aloud Express the following words as number. FFifty-six --> 506Twenty-five--> 205 The student who made the errors shown in the exercise above would benefit most from which of the following activities? - Arranging groups of base 10 blocks and writing the numerals represented A third-grade student has solved a word problem correctly but has not shown any of the work. The teacher can best assess the student's conceptual understanding of the problem by asking the student to: - Explain the steps to arrive at the answer The box has a depth of 4 ft, a height or 3 ft, and a width of 2 ft. What is the surface area of the box that will be covered with paint? - 52 sq. ft The Constitution of the United States delegates which of the following roles to the executive branch of the U.S. government? - Negotiating treaties A kindergarten teacher uses the space above eye level on all four walls of the classroom to create an "in the round" pictorial calendar. On it the teacher shows months and days and marks

significant events such as holidays and students' birthdays with a symbol or picture. This approach can be expected to benefit students' learning primarily by: - Proving meaningful reference points to help students visualize basic time concepts Students in a kindergarten class have rotating responsibilities for classroom tasks such as watering the plants, setting the table for snacks, and organizing learning center materials. This approach is likely to be most effective in promoting students' understanding of which of the following concepts? - Community A teacher wishes to integrate social studies content across the curriculum in a class of four- year-olds. The teacher can best achieve this goal by adopting which of the following approaches? - Choosing an overall theme for learning activities that focuses on social studies content First grade students have just completed a social studies unit on money in which they learned that goods are tangible items that people buy with money. The teacher is planning a new unit about community helpers and their roles. In the context of this new unit, the teacher can best extend students' understanding of basic economics by introducing which of the following concepts? - Services The spread of cultural ideas and activities throughout different regions of the world is most often a consequence of which of the following geographic activities? - The movement of people, goods, and services Involvement in which of the following classroom experiences can best contribute to young children's development of the idea of democracy? - Generating a list of rules for classroom behavior Which of the following practices would best promote preschool children's understanding of and respect for human diversity? - During reading time, choosing stories and picture books that feature individuals from a wide range of traditions Students in a third-grade class are researching and writing reports on types of animals in various regions. Their teacher could best help the students organize their ideas and information for writing by discussing: - How to create and use an outline A characteristic of living things that distinguishes them from nonliving things is that only living things: - Are made up of cells Magnifying glasses would be most useful for helping kindergartners observe: - The parts of an insect's mouth A second-grade teacher places a freshly cut white carnation into a glass that is filled with water that has been dyed dark blue with food coloring. During the day, the children observe the

carnation as the blue water rises in the stem and eventually causes the petals of the flower to turn blue. This activity would be most appropriate for modeling which of the following scientific concepts? - Nutrient absorption Which of the following would be the most appropriate way for a teacher to integrate science and language arts in a lesson for a first-grade class? - Asking children to think of words that can be used to describe butterflies A second-grade teacher helps the children in her class record the temperature outside the building each morning for two weeks. The children also note if it is sunny, cloudy, or raining when the temperature is recorded. At the end of the two weeks, the children chart their temperature values on graph paper and see if there is any relationship between temperature and weather conditions. This activity will be most effective for helping children practice which of the following science skills? - Collecting data and drawing conclusions Over a two-month period, a kindergarten teacher has taken pictures of the phases of the moon. During that time, the teacher and students have pasted each new picture on the corresponding date on a large calendar. The class has had several lively discussions about the students' own observations of the moon and its changing appearance. In the context of developing students' science skills, which of the following questions would be most appropriate for the teacher to pose at this time? - What do you think the moon will look like tomorrow night? Giving three-year-olds access to water or sand tables and a variety of containers would most effectively promote their early exploration of which of the following physical science concepts?

• Properties of materials As part of a science unit, a second-grade teacher has students work in groups to build mounds of sand and dirt in a corner of the school yard. The teacher then supplies the students with small watering pails and asks them to pour water on their mounds and take notes on what they observe. This activity would best build students' understanding of which of the following natural processes? - Erosion Which of the following activities in a preschool classroom would provide the best opportunity to foster children's understanding of concepts related to chemistry? - Mixing ingredients and baking cookies When planning the agenda for a conference with the family of a young child who is enrolled in an early childhood program, it is most important to include time for: - The family to describe their own observations of and goals for their child An early childhood teacher makes arrangements for a home visit with the family of a child who will be entering the educator's preschool class. Which of the following would be the most important message for the teacher to convey during such a visit? - The school respects and values the family's central role in the child's development and learning

An early childhood teacher would like to set up a page on the school's Internet Web site as a way of sharing information with families (e.g., upcoming classroom events, displays of children's artwork, activities that families can do together at home). Before implementing this plan, it would be most important for the teacher to address which of the following questions? - How will the information be communicated to families who do not have Internet access? At the beginning of the school year, a first-grade teacher learns that one of the students in his class comes from a culture with which he is unfamiliar. The teacher wishes to promote the child's development and learning in a culturally sensitive manner. Which of the following would likely be the best resource for the teacher to consult under these circumstances? - The student's family A preschool teacher has arranged for a nutritionist from a local public health agency to make a presentation on young children's nutrition at the next meeting for families. The teacher's best preparation for ensuring a meaningful presentation would be to provide the speaker with: - Survey results showing the nutrition topics the children's families are most interested in hearing about Under which of the following circumstances would an early childhood teacher most likely engage in ongoing information sharing with a social worker in regard to a child in the teacher's class? - The child is transitioning from foster care back to his or her family A third-grade student with a disability attends a general education classroom and works with the special education teacher in the resource room once a week. The general education teacher's best strategy for working with the special education teacher to meet the student's educational needs would be to: - Confer regularly with the special education teacher to ensure that resource room and classroom activities support each other Several children who have Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) will attend a kindergarten class in the upcoming year. To help implement the IEPs, several specialists will provide services in the classroom environment. The most effective first step for the kindergarten teacher to take in building a collaborative relationship with the specialists would be to: - Arrange a regular time for sharing information An early childhood teacher is beginning to create a professional development plan. Which of the following steps should be taken earliest in the planning process? - Setting short and long term goals An early childhood teacher keeps a daily journal that includes such topics as activities that went well in the classroom, lessons that did not go as expected, and thoughts about how to make adjustments in the future. This teacher's behavior best reflects an awareness of the importance of: - Engaging in ongoing reflection about professional practice

In which of the following situations is an early childhood teacher serving in the role of advocate for a preschool program? - The teacher meets with the district superintendent to present data in support of increasing the preschool program's budget The Individualized Education Program (IEP) for a kindergartner with a disability specifies that a particular type of assistive technology device be provided as an instructional accommodation. In this situation, the kindergarten teacher's primary responsibility is to: - Ensure that the child has access to the device as needed throughout the school day Which of the following is a primary role of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) in early childhood education? - Providing professional development opportunities and resources When picking up his child at preschool, a father asks the teacher about another child in the class. The father says that several other parents have expressed concern about a hardship the child's family is facing. The teacher has, in fact, been in ongoing communication with the child's family about the situation. From an ethical standpoint, the teacher's most appropriate response would be to: - Tell the father that for reasons of confidentiality she is unable to speak with him about children other than his own The increasing diversity in family structures, roles, and responsibilities is a social trend that early childhood educators need to be aware of primarily in order to: - Work effectively with members of the school community Which of the following activities is generally considered to fall within the early childhood teacher's role as an advocate for young children and their families? - Collaborating with community-based services and institutions A second-grade teacher is participating in a team meeting to develop an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for a student. In this role, the teacher is responsible for providing information about the student's: a. Developmental historyb. Present level of performancec. Family's need for community servicesd. Medical history - Present level of performance A three year old and a four year old have been competing for opportunities to ride the swing. Both children are capable of seating themselves in the swing and pushing it. Which of the following responses from their preschool teacher will best serve to foster the children's social problem-solving skills? - Asking the children to explain the situation and helping them decide what to do At the beginning of the school year, a second-grade teacher finds that several students have not retained some of the skills they learned in first grade. Which of the following factors is likely to have the greatest impact on a student's ability to retain learned academic skills over the extended break? - The degree of adult to student interaction in using the skills over the break

Kelly is a four year old who has mild cognitive delays. She attends preschool for five half days each week. A special education teacher comes to the classroom to work with Kelly three times per week. Her preschool teacher is beginning a unit that involves new concepts related to nutrition. He is planning to introduce several concepts during large-group circle time, then provide follow-up activities for small-group centers. In this situation, the preschool teacher can most appropriately address Kelly's learning needs by: - Including her in all lessons to the fullest extent possible. As part of a unit on gardening, teachers in the toddler classroom are planning a series of thematic activities. These will include teaching some simple songs, selecting several big books to read during story times, digging and planting an outdoor garden, measuring and graphing plant growth, and harvesting and preparing vegetables to eat. Using such a wide variety of garden-themed activities best addresses which of the following aspects of child development? - Young children benefit from learning activities that engage and stimulate each of their senses. In a kindergarten classroom, the teacher has set out several wordless books for the children to look at. Periodically, she asks one of the children to "read" the book to her. Asking the children to participate in this activity will be most effective as a way to: - Develop the children's oral language skills. A two-and-a-half year old is showing signs of a language delay. She produces only a few, single- syllable words, and her pronunciation is much more difficult to understand than that of her peers. Her language delay is likely to have been influenced most significantly by: - Having had frequent ear infections in the past 18 months. When English Language Learners reach the early production stage of second-language acquisition, they are typically most comfortable performing which of the following language tasks? - Speaking in single words or two-word phrases A three year old recognizes a word on a sign for a fast-food restaurant and understands that people go inside that building to eat. This is an example of a child making meaning from which of the following? - Environmental print Which of the following strategies could a teacher use most effectively to help emergent and early readers better understand and use semantic cues? - Covering up various words in a big book text and having students use meaning to guess the hidden words A second-grade teacher reads aloud to the class often, from a wide variety of genres and with great expression. This activity primarily helps students to: - Learn what fluent reading sounds like Which of the following materials should a first-grade teacher include in the writing center to best encourage the students to write for various audiences? - Different sizes and types of paper, envelopes, and cards

A child at the phonetic stage of spelling development usually writes: - Letters for every sound heard within a word Student R has four fewer pencils than student S, and student T has twice as many pencils as student R. If student S has n pencils, which of the following represents the number of pencils that student T has? - 2(n - 4) A first-grade teacher notices that several students are having difficulty with simple arithmetic operations. Which of the following would be the most effective way to help these students? - Use concrete examples to model how to solve the problems. An adult is watching a two year old play with a set of colored blocks. Which of the following questions would be most appropriate to ask a child of this age to help promote her emergent numeracy development? - "Can you count after me as we put away the blocks?" Which of the following is primarily responsible for the large-scale movement of continents over the earth's surface over long periods of time? - Shifting of tectonic plates Which of the following activities would provide the best opportunity for third-grade students to apply critical-thinking skills in science? - Identifying problems in the way an experiment was carried out One morning, a group of kindergarten students come into class talking excitedly about the fire trucks they saw on their way to school. The teacher decides to use the event as the basis for a lesson about community and the people who keep communities safe. Which of the following best explains why this would be a particularly effective opportunity for exploring this topic? - Young students tend to be highly motivated when engaged in learning activities based on subject matter they can relate to their personal experience. Which of the following situations best illustrates the principle of due process of law? - The judge in a criminal trial appoints a lawyer to represent a defendant who cannot afford one. Three-year-old children typically acquire which of the following music appreciation skills first? - Recognizing whether music is being played loudly or softly