earth and life science module for the new normal, Exercises of Earth science

Download earth and life science module for the new normal and more Exercises Earth science in PDF only on Docsity! NOT Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 - Module 1 Earth as a Unique Planet Four Subsystems of the Earth Properties of Rock-forming Minerals Earth and Life Science- Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 - Module 1: Earth as a Unique Planet Four Subsystems of the Earth Properties of Rock-forming Minerals First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V Development Team of the Module Author: Norvemer B. Salceda Reviewers: Dyna F. Gorre, Jean S. Macasero, January Gay T. Valenzona Illustrator and Layout Artist: Jessica B. Cuňado Management Team Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Members Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief Jean S. Macasero, PhD, EPS-1, Division SHS Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II Gemma Pajayon, PDO II Marvin Anthony A. Ramos, School Head Rosanna Q. Ubalde, PhD, School Head Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro Telefax: (08822)855-0048 E-mail Address: [email protected] Table of Contents What This Module is About............................................................................................ i What I Need to Know...................................................................................................... i How to Learn from this Module......................................................................................ii Icons of this Module.........................................................................................................ii What I Know......................................................................................................................iii Lesson 1: Earth as a Unique Planet.........................................................1 What is in.................................................................................................1 What’s new .............................................................................................1 What is it..................................................................................................2 What’s more............................................................................................3 What I have Learned............................................................................. 5 What I can do..........................................................................................5 Lesson 2: Four Subsystems of the Earth.............................................. 6 What is in.................................................................................................6 What’s new..............................................................................................6 What is it..................................................................................................6 What’s more............................................................................................8 What I have Learned............................................................................. 9 What I can do..........................................................................................9 Lesson 3: Properties of Rock-forming Minerals..................................10 What is in.................................................................................................10 What’s new..............................................................................................10 What is it..................................................................................................11 What’s more............................................................................................13 What I have Learned............................................................................. 13 What I can do..........................................................................................14 Summary...........................................................................................................................14 Assessment: (Post-Test)................................................................................................ 15 Key to Answers................................................................................................................ 18 References........................................................................................................................19 This page is intentionally blank What This Module is About What makes planet earth habitable? What sets it apart from other planets in the solar system? What makes the earth a dynamic planet? What constitutes a mineral? These and the like are the questions that we would intend to answer in this module. We are blessed to have a planet that possesses characteristics that support life. Understanding such characteristics will enable us to have a clearer perspective about our environment which will allow us to come with appropriate actions and decisions needed to preserve it. This learning material is divided into three lessons with some enrichment activities. In the first lesson of this module, we will try to recognize each of the unique characteristics of earth and put proper emphasis on how each of these characteristics maintain life for millions of years. In the second lesson, we will attempt to explain that the four subsystems of the earth play important roles in the flow of matter and energy, recognize their essential functions and explore its interactions. In the last lesson of this module, we will get a glimpse of what minerals are, and identify it base from its physical and chemical properties Through this module, may you learn how to appreciate Earth Science, its wonders, evolution and application. As your knowledge in the subject develops, may you be more mature in making decisions that directly or indirectly affects the planet and may you serve as an effort to maintain the life support system of the Earth. The following lessons are contained in this module: Lesson 1- The uniqueness of Earth Lesson 2- The four subsystems of the earth Lesson 3- Properties of rock-forming minerals What I Need to Know After getting through with this module, you are expected to: 1. recognize the uniqueness of the earth being the only planet in the solar system with properties necessary to support life (S11/12ES-la-e-3); 2. explain that earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flow (S11/12ES-la-e-4); and 3. identify common rock forming minerals using their chemical and physical properties (S11/12ES-la- 3). i What I Know Pre-assessment- Select the letter of the best answer from the given choices. 1. How many seconds does it take for sun’s light to reach the surface of the earth? A. 150 seconds B. 250 seconds C. 500 seconds D. 1000 seconds 2. What is the average distance between the earth and the sun? A. 91 million miles B. 93 million miles C. 95 million miles D. 97 million miles 3. What is the process by which plants manufacture their own food by converting solar energy into chemical energy? A. Calvin cycle B. Photosynthesis C. Cellular respiration D. Photodissociation 4. What is the gaseous layer that envelops the earth? A. Ionosphere B. Atmosphere C. Ozone layer D. Stratosphere 5. The earth’s outer core is predominantly made up of iron and A. Nickel B. Cobalt C. Copper D. Aluminum 6. The largest among the four subsystems A. Biosphere B. Geosphere C. Atmosphere D. Hydrosphere 7. It encompasses all life forms on earth A. Biosphere B. Geosphere C. Atmosphere D. Hydrosphere iii 8. Oceans occupy what percent of earth’s water? A. 65% B. 71% C. 80% D. 98% 9. This compound in the stratosphere absorbs high energy radiation A. Ozone B. Methane C. Carbon dioxide D. Diatomic oxygen 10. Scientists were able to understand earth’s interior by means of sophisticated pieces of equipment involving A. Radar B. sound C. photons D. seismic waves 11.The property of mineral that can be observed directly is the A. Size B. Color C. Streak D. Texture 12.The second softest mineral according to the Mohs scale of hardness is the A. Talc B. Apatite C. Calcite D. Gypsum 13.Which of these is an example of a silicate mineral? A. Galena B. Gypsum C. Feldspar D. Corundum 14.Which of these is an example of non-silicate mineral? A. Galena B. Feldspar C. Orthoclase D. Plagioclase 15.This refers to the ability of a mineral to continue glowing even after a source of ultraviolet has been turned off. A. Luster B. Luminosity C. Fluorescence D. Phosphorescence iv This page is intentionally blank Earth’s size and mass The size of the earth also plays a vital role in keeping its life support system afloat. The size of a planet is directly related to its gravitational pull. The acceleration due to gravity helps the planet maintain its atmosphere. If the earth had been bigger than it is, its gravity would have been stronger to the point of not keeping an atmosphere around it. If it had been too small on the other hand, it would not have been able to sustain a gaseous layer since its gravity is too weak. Earth interacts gravitationally with the sun. Its gravity as a result of its mass, also keeps the moon along its orbit. The moon, as the only natural satellite of Earth, plays a vital role in the existence of all life forms. Earth’s Magnetic Field Our planet is a big ball of magnet. Its geographic north serves as its magnetic south and its geographic south serves as its magnetic north. The region around earth that is dominated by magnetic field is called magnetosphere which extends to about 65, 000 km in space. Its magnetic properties are the result of its internal activities involving electric current flowing in the molten core made possible by its rotation. The inner core is the solid layer of the earth and is made predominantly of iron. Since it is compressed by pressure due to earth’s gravity, it is solid in form. The outer core on the other hand, is liquid in form and is made up predominantly of iron and nickel. As the earth spins, the flow of liquid iron and nickel in the outer core produces electric current, thereby producing magnetic field. The invisible magnetic field then passes through the earth’s layer and into the space. This magnetic field shields earth from the harmful surge of charged particles from the sun called solar winds and other space weather. Most of the particles of solar winds cannot cross the earth because it gets deflected by the magnetic field. Without the magnetic field, earth would have been as hot and lifeless as Mars. Presence of water Life as we know it, is impossible without a biologically essential compound called water (H2O). Three fourths of the Earth’s surface are covered with water. Scientists have found out that there are other planets of the universe that contain water. However, this compound may exist as ice or vapor alone. On earth however, water exists as gas forming clouds, as liquid in the form of oceans and lakes and as solid in the form ice caps. This is due to hydrologic cycle. Earth has the right amount of water to keep its habitability. Water has a cooling effect due to its heat capacity. It has the capacity to absorb heat without raising its own temperature. As a result, life on earth will be benefited by the cooling effect of water. What’s More Activity 2: Essay Answer the following questions focusing on the content of our lesson. Write your answers on a paragraph form with five (5) to six (6) statements per paragraph. 1. What is the significance of understanding the characteristics of the earth? ______________________________________________________________ 3 2. Which of the aforementioned unique characteristic of earth do you like the most and why? ______________________________________________________________ Rubrics 1 : for Essay/ Writing Activity Criteria & Percentage Descriptive Rating Unsatisfactory Needs Improvement Satisfactory Outstanding RATING (Score x %) score 1 2 3 4 Content & Development (70 %) - Content is incomplete. - Major points are not clear. -Specific examples are not used. - Content is not comprehensive, -Major points are addressed, but not well supported. - Responses are inadequate or do not address topic. -Specific examples do not support topic. - Content is accurate. - Major points are stated. - Responses are adequate and address topic. - Content is clear. -Specific examples are used. - Content is comprehensive and accurate. - Major points are stated clearly and are well supported. - Responses are excellent, timely and address topic. - Content is clear. -Specific examples are used. Organization & Structure (15 %) - Organization and structure detract from the message. - Writing is disjointed and lacks transition of thoughts. - Structure of the paper is not easy to follow. - Transitions need improvement. - Conclusion is missing, or if provided, does not flow from the body of the paper. - Structure is mostly clear and easy to follow. - Transitions are present. - Conclusion is logical. -Structure of the paper is clear and easy to follow. - Transitions are logical and maintain the flow of thought throughout the paper. - Conclusion is logical and flows from the body of the paper. Grammar, Punctuation & Spelling (15 %) - Paper contains numerous grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors. - Paper contains few grammatical, punctuation and spelling errors. - Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed with minor errors. Spelling is correct. - Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed; spelling is correct. TOTAL RATING 4 What I have learned Activity 3- Writing a Summary Give at least five (5) insights that you learn from this lesson, as your way of recognizing the uniqueness of Earth as a planet of life. Write it in paragraph form. A rubric will be used to assess your output on this activity. What I can do Activity 4- Think Beyond the Pages Create an infographics regarding the unique characteristics of planet earth. Upload your output through our Google drive or send it through messenger. A rubric will be used to assess your output on this activity. RUBRICS Category 4 3 2 1 Presentation The infographics clearly communicates the main idea and strongly promotes awareness. The infographics clearly communicates some of the important ideas and slightly promotes awareness. The infographics indirectly communicates the idea and hardly promotes awareness. The infographics does not sufficiently communicate any idea that can promote awareness. Creativity and Originality All of the graphics used reflect an exceptional degree of student ingenuity in their creation. Most of the graphics used reflect student ingenuity in their creation. The graphics were made by the student but were copied from the designs or ideas of others. The graphics were not made by the student. Accuracy and relevance All graphics are accurate and related to the topic. Most graphics are accurate and related to the topic. Some graphics are accurate and related to the topic. The graphics are neither accurate nor related to the topic. Required Element It includes all required elements as well as additional information. All required elements are included. Few required elements are included. Required elements are missing. 5 Lesson Four Subsystems of the Earth producers manufacture their own food to produce carbohydrates. The producers or autotrophs are consumed by the consumers in a food chain. A series of food chain comprises a food web. This illustrates that matter and energy flow within the system. An interlinking food chain is called food web. The constant flow of energy on earth is what allows life to perpetuate. What’s more Activity 6: Reflection Paper Reflect on the following question by applying what you learn from the topic on the four subsystems of the Earth. Use the CERA model as you write your reflection pertaining to the topic. Please be guided with the acronym of CERA: C for content, E for your experience, R for your reaction and A for applications of the topic. Write one paragraph for each component. Use a clean sheet of paper for this activity. A rubric will be used to rate your output. Format (CERA) 5 3 1 Concept The concept/s are clearly stated with supporting details that entails comprehension of the subject matter. The concept/s is/are clearly stated but the supporting details are less comprehensive. The concept/s is/are not clearly stated and the supporting details are ambiguous. Experience Experience shown is closely related the concept/s. Many lessons can be taken from it. Experience is related to the concept/s learned and there are some lessons can be taken from it. The experience is irrelevant or has less relevance to the concept/s stated. Lessons learned are unpredictable. Reaction Shows very strong reaction about the concept based on the experience/s stated. Shows strong reaction about the concept based on the experience/s Stated. Shows ambiguity; Seems not affected by experience stated and far from the concept/s. Application Applications pertaining to the topic is clearly shown and are very comprehensive. Shows complete understanding of the concepts presented particularly on how it could be applied in real life situations. Statements show positive response on the content presented and show understanding on when to apply the said concepts in real life contexts. Statements show less importance of the concepts; concepts are not necessary for any real life situation, 8 What I have learned Activity 7: Summarizing the Concepts Given below are the four subsystems of Earth. Explain how each subsystem affect the flow of matter and energy on Earth. A. Geosphere B. Atmosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Biosphere What I can do Activity 8: Think Beyond the Pages Answer the following thought provoking questions pertinent to the lesson. You may want to do online research using your smartphone (if internet connection is available), if not you may use some books for this purpose. 1. What is the key role that energy plays in the interaction among the four subsystems of the earth? 2. Human beings are parts and parcels of the earth system. Cite one specific event in history that shows the impact of manmade activities which affected or contributed to the planet. 9 Lesson Properties of Rock-forming minerals 3 What is in In our previous lesson, we learn about the four subsystems of the earth. The natural balance that exists among the four subsystems allows living things to survive which continue to interact among each other and with the environment. A lot of important raw materials are found in the environment. Some of which are mineral- based. A mineral is defined as a naturally occurring, usually inorganic solid with distinct chemical composition and an orderly crystalline structure. In order to test whether a sample of matter is a mineral, scientists need to assess the sample according to the aforementioned characteristics. A silicate mineral contains silicon and oxygen and may consist of a metal. Examples are feldspar, orthoclase and plagioclase. A nonsilicate mineral is one that does not contain silicon and oxygen. Examples of which are gypsum, galena, and corundum. In this lesson you are to identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties. Let ‘s get started! What’s New Activity 9: Q & A Portion Research through Google or through any reliable website, to answer each of the following questions below. A textbox is provided below containing the concepts that would fit each item to make it correct. Write the letter of your answers on a separate piece of paper. 10 Questions Answers 1. What state of matter are all minerals? 2. What is a mineral’s hardness? 3. What tools are used to test a mineral’s hardness? A.Luster C.Hardness and Streak E.1 G. Hardness B.10 D.Cleavage F.Color H. Solid I. False; different minerals produce different-colored streaks when they are tested. J. False; tarnishing will affect the color of a mineral. Think of copper turning green. K.True; many minerals are found in several different colors. L.A test that shows a mineral’s true color M. Hardness can be tested using your finger, fingernail, penny, and/or a nail. N. It’s the mineral’s resistance to scratching. Browse through the net using the link, https://bit.ly/3iIzEA6 and identify the minerals which are being described based on the given physical and chemical properties. Use a clean sheet of paper to do this. Copy and answer. (1 point each) Physical/Chemical Properties Mineral 1.Pink or white, wavy lines, right angles, 2 cleavage planes 2.Black and splintery, 2 cleavage, barely scratches glass 3. Glassy, used to make glass, no cleavage planes 4.Olive green, sugary, component of peridotite (mantle) 5.Talcum powder, scratch with fingernails, too small crystals 6.Salty taste, perfect cubic cleavage, NaCl crystals 7.Many colors, doesn’t scratch glass, 4 cleavage planes, hydrofluoric acid 8.Scratch with fingernail, Pencil “lead”, slippery 9.Yellow streak, used to make sulfuric acid, cluster of brittle crystals 10.Gray streak, iron oxide, magnetic, high specific gravity What I have learned Activity 11- Physical Properties of Minerals Fill out the graphic organizer below applying important concepts about minerals and its properties. 13 Rubric 1: Graphic Organizer What I can do Activity 11- Think Beyond the Pages 1. An unknown mineral possesses a black streak and a density of 18 g/cm3. Based on these data, can you tell what mineral is it? Do you think it is metallic or nonmetallic? Summary  Earth is a unique planet because of the properties that make it habitable. o First, it is located in the best location in the solar system. o Second, it contains an atmosphere that acts as a planet’s thermostat. o Third, its size and mass are enough to keep a gravitational force that is neither too weak nor too strong. o Fourth, it has a magnetic field that shields solar winds and other space whether. o Lastly, it contains the right amount of water to support life. 14  The four subsystems of the earth are the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. o The lithosphere is the solid portion of the earth and is composed of the crust, mantle and core. Criteria 4 Exemplary 3 Accomplished 2 Developing 1 Beginning Organization Extremely well organized structure and visually presented with flow of concepts Organized structure with illustration and flow of concepts Somewhat organized structure with illustration of concepts Poorly organized structure and illustration Content Thorough and insightful understanding of concepts Complete understanding of concepts Shows some understanding of concepts Shows incompl ete understanding of concepts Ideas Insightful and well considered ideas making a lot of connections Ideas are considered; more than one thoughtful connection is made Ideas are somewhat with the topic; makes some connections Ideas are not clear; few connections o The hydrosphere includes all the waters found on earth. o The atmosphere is the gaseous layer that envelops the earth. o And the biosphere encompasses all of the earth’s life forms.  Minerals have distinct properties that give them their identity. o Color refers to the ability of minerals to reflect regions of the visible light. o Luster is defined as the ability of mineral to reflect light in its surface. o Streak is the color of mineral in powdered form. o Cleavage is the ability of minerals to split along weak plane. o Fracture refers to the capacity of minerals to break along curved surfaces. o Density is the compactness of minerals. o Hardness is defined as the tendency of minerals to resist abrasion. o Reaction with acids describes how minerals react with acids like HCL. o Fluorescence is the ability of minerals to glow when bombarded with ultraviolet light. o And phosphorescence refers to the ability of minerals to continue glowing even after a source of ultraviolet light has been turned off. Assessment (post-test) Select the letter of your choice from among the given options. Write all your answers on a piece of paper. 1. One of the characteristics that make earth a unique planet is it location in the solar system. What is a significant contribution of the fact that Jupiter is Earth’s neighbor in the solar system? A. Its strong gravity energizes the earth B. Its strong gravity attracts Kuiper belts C. Its strong gravity balances the earth in its orbit D. Its strong gravity attracts space debris away from the Earth 2. The earth is able to sustain life for millions of years because of the presence of this shield that protects the life forms from harmful solar radiation. A. Aurora B. Atmosphere C. Magnetic field D. North and south pole 15 3. What will happen if the earth is bigger than its current size? A. It will not be able to sustain life B. It will not have a moon on its orbit Key to Answers e q 6 q e q q: q: 3° DoBoHBDBSC DG KNOY KHON OD Koy somsue Koy Jamsue yUSWUSSaSSe-a1q JUSUISSaSse-]SOq 18 References "LR Portal." Deped LR Portal. Accessed June 12, 2020. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/327. Mead A. Allison, Arthur T. DeGaetano and Jay M. Pasachoff, Earth Science (Austin, Texas, USA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2010), "Physical Properties of Minerals Student Activity Lab." Accessed July 10, 2020. https://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceLesson/Preview/156535. "Physical Properties of Minerals- Graphic Organizer." Teachers Pay Teachers. Accessed July 10, 2020. https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Physical- Properties-of-Minerals-Graphic-Organizer-2224536. YouTube. n.d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2zFLCZKTQk. YouTube. n.d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvXv66b5h4. 19 For inquiries and feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro Telefax: ((08822)855-0048 E-mail Address: [email protected]