ECG Fundamentals and Interpretation, Exams of Health sciences

Download ECG Fundamentals and Interpretation and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! 1 | P a g e CCT CCI FINAL EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM 2024 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+|BRAND NEW!!!|GUARANTEED PASS|LATEST UPDATE Which waveform on an ECG represents ventricular repolarization? P wave R wave T wave U wave T wave You are explaining the Bruce protocol and post-test expectations to your patient. Which of the following BEST describes what should occur after the patient reaches the THR? The treadmill will slow for one minute and then stop. The treadmill will be immediately stopped and the patient will sit down. The treadmill will be stopped when the patient's heart rate returns to less than 100 beats per minute. The treadmill will slow, then stop and the patient will continue to have vital signs monitored for 10-15 minutes. The treadmill will slow, then stop and the patient will continue to have vital signs monitored for 10-15 minutes. An ECG technician who is following universal precautions will: wash his/her hands but not wear gloves before performing any ECG. wear gloves but not wash his/her hands before performing any ECG. wash his/her hands and wear gloves when there is possible exposure to blood. wear gloves but not wash his/her hands when there is possible exposure to blood. wash his/her hands and wear gloves when there is possible exposure to blood. 2 | P a g e What should be checked on the ECG machine to ensure it is working properly? Choose two responses. check for paper gather enough electrodes inspect cables for damage look for gel build-up on electrodes inspect cables for damage look for gel build-up on electrodes The PR interval results from a delay in conduction at what level of the conduction system? sinoatrial node purkinje network atrioventricular node right and left bundle branches atrioventricular node You obtain a baseline ECG for your patient prior to stress testing. What other information is helpful to obtain for the doctor to use for comparison? patient's last chest X-ray patient's last ECG reading patient's advance directive time the patient last had any food patient's last ECG reading When reviewing a remote monitoring ECG, the QRS voltage is low, making it difficult to review. What can be done to better view the QRS complex? decrease gain. increase the gain. increase the paper speed. nothing, no manipulation will improve tracing. increase the gain. What necessary equipment should be available for a standard exercise stress test? electrodes, treadmill, calipers, 21g IV calipers, 21g IV, IV pump, surgical mask electrodes, treadmill, BP cuff, ECG machine electrodes, defibrillator, surgical mask, disinfectant electrodes, treadmill, BP cuff, ECG machine Which type of atrioventricular block tends to progress quickly to third degree AV block or complete heart block? first degree AV block second degree AV block, Mobitz type I 5 | P a g e mimic the diastolic heart changes at rest. determine if a CABG procedure is necessary. identify ischemic changes due to CAD. You are beginning the warmup stage of a treadmill stress test and you observe a 3mm ST segment depression in leads I and aVL. What is the first thing you should do? continue with your pre-test activities initiate the first stage of the protocol stop the treadmill and notify the physician make a note and continue with the protocol stop the treadmill and notify the physician The intrinsic rate of the Purkinje network in the ventricles is: 20 to 40 beats per minute. 40 to 60 beats per minute. 60 to 100 beats per minute. 100 to 150 beats per minute. 20 to 40 beats per minute. What is the heart rate of an ECG with a constant R-R interval of 30mm recorded at a standard paper speed? 50 bpm RR duration = R-R interval/paper speed HR=60s / RR duration 30mm / 25mm/s = 1.2s 60s / 1.2 = 50bpm Which leads are routinely checked to detect left atrial abnormality? V1 and V5 V4 through V6 V1 and Lead II Lead III and AVF V1 and Lead II What is a common cause of somatic tremor? poor skin prep muscle movement 6 | P a g e wandering baseline electrical interference muscle movement Ventricular tachycardia in which depolarization impulses moving from one ventricle to the other, resulting in a "twisted ribbon" appearance on the ECG tracing is called torsades de pointes. ventricular crossover. ventricular fibrillation. ideoventricular acceleration. torsades de pointes. An anterior wall myocardial infarction occurs when anterior myocardial tissue supplied by the _____ artery suffers injury due to lack of blood supply. right circumflex obtuse marginal left anterior descending left anterior descending Which ECG would you expect the doctor to order when the patient has dextrocardia? posterior 12 lead ECG standard 12 lead ECG right side 12 lead ECG dextrocardia right side 12 lead ECG right side 12 lead ECG P-P intervals in all heart block dysrhythmias are characteristically absent. regular. irregular. unidentifiable. regular. What rhythm has a normal atrial depolarization and a wide QRS complex with QR-R's pattern? ventricular fibrillation sinus rhythm with RBBB atrial tachycardia with PVCs sinus tachycardia with LBBB sinus tachycardia with LBBB 7 | P a g e Beta-blockers are avoided in stress testing because they decrease heart rate: increase QRS voltage. decrease PR intervals. increase ST depression. decrease heart rate. In standard calibration, what are the paper speed and voltage settings? 5 mm/sec, 10 mm/mV 10 mm/sec, 25 mm/mV 25 mm/sec, 10 mm/mV 50 mm/sec, 25 mm/mV 25 mm/sec, 10 mm/mV A posterior myocardial infarction can be identified by which of the following abnormalities on a 12 lead ECG tracing? ST Elevation in II, III, aVF tall R wave and ST depression in V1-V2 tall T wave and elevation in leads I and aVL inverted P wave and elevation in V5 and V6 Tall R wave and ST depression in V1-V2 What is the key to successful recording of an ECG? HIPPA wearing PPE hand hygiene communication communication Which of the following medications is used in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias? digoxin lidocaine verapamil nitroglycerin lidocaine Verapamil -calcium channel blocker -has negative chronotropic and inotropic -Treats HTN, angina and arrhyhmia 10 | P a g e I and aVF Which of the following leads normally produces a negative P wave and a predominantly negative QRS on the ECG? V1 V6 AVR lead II AVR The normal QRS axis of the heart is 0 to -90 degrees. 0 to +90 degrees. +60 to -60 degrees. +60 to +120 degrees. 0 to +90 degrees. Lead placement for V4R is located where on the patient? 4th intercostal space, right sternal border 5th intercostal space, right mid-axillary line 5th intercostal space, right mid-clavicular line 5th intercostal space, right anterior axillary line 5th intercostal space, right mid-clavicular line The sinoatrial node is located in the: left atrium. right atrium. left ventricle. right ventricle. right atrium. When performing a 12 lead ECG you notice that leads I and II have a lot of artifact. Which electrode MOST LIKELY needs to be replaced? left leg left arm right leg right arm right arm The purpose for placing one of the exploring leads of the Holter monitor on or near the V5 position is to minimize QRS configuration. maximize QRS configuration. 11 | P a g e minimize P wave configuration. maximize P wave configuration. maximize QRS configuration. Which pacemaker site is the locus of stimulation for junctional rhythms? AV node SA node Purkinje fibers bundle branches AV node ECG PAPER provides measurement for speed and time. time and rhythm. time and voltage. rhythm and voltag time and voltage. Pacemaker stimuli is recorded on the ECG as a(n) upright wave. negative deflection. narrow vertical spike. straight horizontal line. narrow vertical spike. When performing an exercise stress test, 85% of the predicted maximum heart rate is used to determine the time to increase speed and elevation. end point of a submaximal exercise test. point at which continuous ECG recording begins. normal heart rate response for step II in the Bruce protocol. end point of a submaximal exercise test. Somatic tremor is an artifact found in Holter recordings due to stress loops that are too tight. an improper ground electrode. stress loops that are not secure. electrodes being placed over muscle. electrodes being placed over muscle. Which leads in a 12 lead ECG are referred to as augmented limb leads? I, II, III V1, V2, V3 12 | P a g e V4, V5, V6 aVR, aVL, aVF aVR, aVL, aVF What BEST describes multifocal PVCs? normal appearing PQRST electrically separated atria and ventricles different electrical conduction pathways in the atria different electrical conduction pathways in the ventricles different electrical conduction pathways in the ventricles A regular rhythm at a rate of 40-60 beats per minute, with narrow QRS complexes, and no visible P waves, is consistent with the presence of atrial fibrillation. sinus bradycardia. junctional rhythm. idioventricular rhythm. junctional rhythm. Continuous monitoring of a hospital inpatient with the ECG tracings transmitted to a central location, must begin with placement of a(n) event monitor. Holter monitor. telemetry monitor. transtelephonic monitor. telemetry monitor. A positive chronotropic effect will result in a decrease in heart rate. an increase in heart rate. a decrease in force of contraction. an increase in force of contraction. an increase in heart rate. Atropine is used to control bradycardia. tachycardia. ventricular arrhythmias. supraventricular arrhythmias. bradycardia. Why might an ECG be performed? Choose two responses. diagnose changes in the heart rhythm detect blood flow through the arteries 15 | P a g e How long is a Holter monitor normally attached to the patient in order to record an adequate ECG? 12 hours 24 to 48 hours 21 days 30 days 24 to 48 hours When transferring a patient from a bed to a stretcher, which of the following techniques should be employed? Put the head of the bed down and adjust the bed height. Instruct the patient to place their arms down at their sides. Place a slide-board under the entire patient prior to transfer. Place the patient in a prone position in their bed to easily facilitate transfer. Place a slide-board under the entire patient prior to transfer. What is the standard calibration for an ECG machine compared to the standard sweep speed while performing an ECG? 5 mm/mV for calibration compared to 25 mm/mV for performing ECG 10 mm/mV for calibration compared to 25 mm/mV for performing ECG 25 mm/mV for calibration compared to 50 mm/mV for performing ECG 100 mm/mV for calibration compared to 50 mm/mV for performing ECG 10 mm/mV for calibration compared to 25 mm/mV for performing ECG Which of the following would be acceptable to correct somatic tremor artifact on a 12 lead ECG tracing? Plug ECG machine into a different electrical outlet. Replace loose electrodes and remove wire tension. Move patient's bed away from electrical sources such as elevator. Have patient place hands under buttocks, instructing him/her not to move Have patient place hands under buttocks, instructing him/her not to move. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to administering Lexiscan (regadenosine)? COPD severe hypertension third degree heart block known coronary artery disease third degree heart block Sagittal plane (medial) 16 | P a g e divides body into left and right Coronal plane (frontal) divides body into front and back transverse plane (horizontal) horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions Proximal Near the attachment of an extremity to the trunk or a structure, closer to any point of reference such as origin of a structure or center of body Distal farther from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk or a structure, farther from point of reference Anterior near the front of the body (ventral) Posterior Near the back of the body (dorsal) 17 | P a g e supine lying o n the back with face upward or denoting the position of the hand with the palm facing downward prone lying horizontal with face downward, or denoting the hand with palms turned upward Dark line method heart rate determination method that can only be used when the heart rate is regular. This method can be a very accurate way to determine heart rate or to generate a close estimate 1500 method Count number of small squares between two consecutive R-waves and divide that number by 1500, it is the most accurate method of obtaining the heart rate but can only be used on regular rhythms. 6 second method 20 | P a g e Einthoven's triangle the leads between the three limb electrodes "standard lead I, II and III" referring to the two arm electrodes and the left leg electrode. Epicardium Serous membrane that makes up the outer surface of the heart Captopril (capoten) First ACE inhibitor approved for use in the US -HTN tx What is the normal pressure of the Right Atria? 6 mmHg What is the normal pulmonary artery pressure? 25/8 mmHg Positive inotropic agents often: block calcium entry Which is not a source of peripheral resistance? volume turbulence vascular tone viscosity volume Which of the following will respond to changes in oxygen levels, blood pH and cerebrospinal fluid? chemoreceptros carotid sinuses baroreceptros central receptors 21 | P a g e chemoreceptors baroreceptors monitor the stretching of major arteries and veins caused by the pressure of the blood flowing through them The Resistance to blood flow primarily caused by friction within the vessel walls is called: Peripheral Resistance Systemic resistance vascular resistance pulmonary resistance Peripheral Resistance Contractility amount of force produced during a contraction, independent of preload The sympathetic and parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system provide intervention to the heart via the: coronary arteries cardiac plexus circumflex branch coronary sinus cardiac plexus Which of the following is toward the body's longitudinal axis? medial distal lateral proximal medial Superficial near, at or close to the body surface Flutter is a HR between: 100-150bpm 150-250bpm 250-350bpm 350-450bpm 250-350bpm Ventricular hypertrophy is diagnosed with R wave changes in leads: V2 & V4 V1 & V5 22 | P a g e V3 & V6 V1 & V2 V1 & V5 Atrial Hypertrophy is best seen in which lead? V1 aVF II V5 V1 The cardiac Centers of the _________________ contain the autonomic headquarters for cardiac control> medulla oblongata pons cerebrum cerebellum medulla oblongata How would you recognize that a lead may be reversed on an ECG? lead II QRS is negative aVR QRS is negative lead I QRS is negative aVF QRS is posititive lead II QRS is negative Which of the following heart rates would be considered atrial flutter? 100 150 200 250 250 Phase 0 Sodium moves rapidly into the cell and potassium begins to exit, converting the cell to a positive charge upstroke of action potential Phase 1 depolarization the membrane potential returns from negative to 0mV Phase 2 25 | P a g e 220-age Which of the following occurs when a patient reaches the anaerobic threshold? pH increases and lactic acid increases pH increases and lactic acid decreases pH decreases and lactic acid increases pH decreases and lactic acid decreases pH decreases and lactic acid increases Double product formula (HR x SBP)/100 how long does the redistribution period take once thallium-201 is administererd? 2-4 hours Thallium-201 follows what element into the myocardium? K+ Nitrates lowers left and right ventricular filling increased effects when used with calcium channel blockers Propananol (Inderol) inhibit cardiac stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system bretylium Class III antiarrhythmic most common used for arrhythmias refractory to lidocaine doxazosin selective alpha 1 blocker (alpha adrenergic receptos) to reduce PVR Bachmann's bundle the structure that relays the electrical impulse from the SA node to the left atrium in a normal heart Classic Heart block is also known as? First degree Second degree type 1 second degree type 2 CHB 26 | P a g e Second degree type 1 On a cardiac rhythm strip, which of the following can determine if the patients heart rate is regular? The RR intervals being equal. The PP intervals being equal. The RR intervals being unequal. Both A and B If the RR or PP intervals are not equal, then the rhythm is irregular. One of the most uncommon rhythms that is always unequal is atrial fibrillation. If the physician orders a treatment for a patient that is supposed to help prevent something from occurring, it would be considered which of the following Prophylaxis Chronic treatment Acute treatment None of the above Chronic treatment would be over a length of time. Acute treatment would be for sudden diagnosis. Prophylaxis would be treatment that would attempt to prevent something from occurring. With a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), which of the following would be the negative electrode position for lead II? Right arm Left arm Right leg Left leg The right arm would be the negative electrode position for lead II. The left leg in lead II would be a positive electrode position. The right leg is not included in the lead I, II or III electrode positions. If the sinus nodes fails to regulate the heart rhythm, it is considered which of the following? Septal defect Idiopathic SSS Shunt Septal defect is a hole in the heart wall that separates the atria or the ventricles. Idiopathic is no known cause. Shunt is something that allows blood to flow between two locations. SSS is sick sinus syndrome or when the sinus node fails (is sick) and cannot regulate the hearts rhythm. 27 | P a g e The positive electrode in lead II is placed in which position on the patient? Right chest area Left chest area Left leg None of the above Right and left chest area would not be correct. The left leg electrode is positive in Lead II. The heart is made up of approximately how many cells? 200 hundred One trillion Half a billion 10 thousand Approximately half a billion cells make up a standard human heart. Most of them make up the ventricular walls. There are approximately 100 million myocardial cells that contract every one third of a second. If a patient is on continuous cardiac monitoring, which of the following leads would most likely be seen on the monitor? Lead III Lead I Lead II All of the above The typical lead that is displayed on a cardiac monitor is lead II. Most cardiac monitor have the ability of changing this to a different lead, but this has to be done by the healthcare staff. Of the following rhythms, which would not be considered a life-threatening arrhythmia? Ventricular fibrillation Sinus rhythm with a 1st degree block Asystole Ventricular tachycardia Some of the life-threatening rhythms might include: Ventricular fibrillation Asystole Ventricular tachycardia Complete heart block When checking the patient's orders prior to performing the ECG, the technician sees that the patient's temperature is to be taken axillary. Which of the following routes would be considered correct for axillary? 30 | P a g e Hypotension Hypoplastic Hypertension would be high blood pressure. Hypoxemia would be a low oxygen concentration in the blood. Hypoplastic would be when an organ is abnormally small because of a problem with development prior to birth. Hypotension is low blood pressure. The aVR lead picks up electrical activity from which of the following? The center of the heart to the right arm. The center of the heart to the left leg. The center of the heart to the left arm. From the left arm to the left leg. The center of the heart to the left leg would be the aVF. The center of the heart to the left arm would be the aVL. The center of the heart to the right arm would be the aVR. From the left arm to the left leg would be lead III. The Q wave should have a duration of less than how many seconds? 0.30 seconds 0.20 seconds 0.10 seconds 0.04 seconds The Q wave should have a duration of less than 0.04 seconds. It is the first negative component of the QRS complex and if it lengthens, it could be indicative of a myocardial infarction. When the mitral valve opens, the blood flows from the left atrium to which of the following? The right atrium The left ventricle The right ventricle The lungs The right atrium, the right ventricle or the lungs is not correct. When this valve opens the blood flows into the left ventricle. Which of the following age groups would be most likely to experience fibrosis in the conduction system? 21-30 years of age Infants The elderly 40-60 years of age 31 | P a g e Fibrosis can occur at any age, but is most common with the elderly. They have a higher incidence of AV block which can be caused by fibrosis in the conduction system. Which of the following characteristics would a good ECG technician have? They should be reliable. They should have mechanical aptitude. They should be able to follow directions. All of the above The job of an ECG technician is a very important one. They must be very reliable , know how to operate equipment, be able to follow directions, and be good with the patients. It is very important to put the patient at ease. Which of the following would be the main purpose of the heart valves? The prevention of back-flow of blood. They assure that there is a uni-directional flow of blood through the heart. Both A and B None of the above The four heart valves work to prevent the back-flow of blood in the heart. By doing this, the valves provide a one directional flow of blood through the human heart. Which of the following would be considered correct regarding the grid paper that is used for an ECG? The grid paper consist of horizontal lines The grid paper is not heat sensitive. The grid paper consist of vertical lines. Both A and C The grid paper that is used for an ECG test: Consists of horizontal lines Consists of vertical lines Is heat sensitive Is used for cardiac monitoring and ECG's If a patient's heart becomes softened, it could cause changes in the electrocardiogram. Which of the following terms would be considered correct for a softening of the heart? Cardiomegaly Cardiopathy Cardiomalacia None of the above 32 | P a g e Cardiomegaly is an enlarged heart. Cardiopathy is any heart disease. Cardiomalacia is a softening of the heart. Potential causes of PVC's can be which of the following conditions? Stimulants such as cocaine, coffee, nicotine or amphetamines Increased catecholamines Hypoxia All of the above Some of the causes would include: Stimulants such as cocaine, coffee, nicotine or amphetamines Increased catecholamines Hypoxia Heightened emotions AMI CHF Digitalis Increased vagal tones Acidosis Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Ischemia Open heart surgery Which of the following would be considered correct for the normal heart rate for the adult patient? 100-160 beats per minute 40-60 beats per minute 120-150 beats per minute 60-100 beats per minute The normal heart rate for the patient would be 60-100. If the rate is less than 60 beats per minute, it would be considered bradycardia. If the rate is greater than 100 beats per minute, it would be considered tachycardia. Which of the following is not considered one of the coronary arteries? LAD LCA LCX IVC The LAD (Left anterior descending), LCA (left coronary artery), and the LCX (left circumflex artery) are all coronary arteries. The IVC is the inferior vena cava. 35 | P a g e Carbon dioxide None of the above Oxygen is an odorless gas that is in the air. Nitrogen is a odorless and tasteless chemical element in the earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is the gas that is produced by cellular metabolism and collected in the tissues. If the left arm and right leg leads are reversed, which of the following might be seen on the electrocardiogram? Reversal of leads aVR and aVF Lead I and Lead II become identical Lead III records a flat line. Both B and C If the left arm and right leg leads are reversed, the following would be seen: Lead I becomes like lead II Lead III records a flat line. Lead aVL and aVF become identical Lead aVR approximates an inverted lead II Which of the following waves on an electrocardiogram would stand for depolarization of the atrium? QRS P T W The P wave is what represents the hearts depolarization of the atrium. This is when the heart is contracting. Which of the following factors might interfere with the results of an electrocardiogram? Pregnancy Certain medications Ascites All of the above Some of these factors might include: Pregnancy Certain medications Ascites Obesity Electrolyte imbalances Smoking prior to the procedure Exercising prior to the procedure Movement during the procedure 36 | P a g e The size of the person's chest The location of the patient's heart Of the following, which vessels transport the deoxygenated blood to the heart? Coronary arteries Coronary veins Both A and B None of the above The coronary arteries carry the oxygenated blood to the myocardium. The coronary veins transport deoxygenated blood to the heart. If a P wave is notched, which of the following would it be indicative of? The notch is indicative of the separating of the left and right atrial actions. The electrocardiogram was not performed correctly. The notch doesn't mean anything. The notch is indicative of the patient having severe electrolyte problems. The other 3 options above are incorrect. The P wave is produced by the depolarization of the atrium. The notch is indicative of the separation of left and right atrial actions. Where would the J point be located in a cardiac complex? At the end of the PR complex and the beginning of the QRS complex. At the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment. At the beginning of the PR complex and the ending of the ST segment. Both A and C The J point would be at the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment. The J point is considered very important when attempting to diagnosis elevation of the ST segment. Which of the following is not considered as a typical wave on the electocardiogram (ECG)? T wave QRS wave W wave P wave The typical waves on an ECG are the P, QRS, and the T waves. Others, such as the Osborn wave can be seen when the patient is suffering from rigorous hypothermia. 37 | P a g e Of the following, which would be the most correct statement about pain? An unpleasant feeling of irregular beating of the heart. An unpleasant sensation that can range from mild to severe. When a person stomach is queasy and they have the urge to vomit. None of the above Palpitations is an unpleasant feeling of irregular beating of the heart. Nausea is when a persons stomach is queasy and they have the urge to vomit. Pain is an unpleasant sensation that can range from mild to severe. If the patient is not exercising or under a stressful situation, which of the following could be a cause of sinus tachycardia? Cocaine Blood loss Medications All of the above There are numerous things that can cause a patient to be tachycardic. In addition to the 3 above, other things can include such things as: Fever Dehydration Anemia Anxiety Heart failure Hypermetabolic states Of the following, which factors might influence the patient's vital signs? Insurance coverage Overall health Sex Both B and C These factors might include: Overall health Sex Age 40 | P a g e If the hair on the chest is going to interfere with the placement of the electrodes, shave the area. Use an alcohol prep pad or benzoin tincture on the skin. Which of the following helps to provide reference for locating the 4th intercostal spaces? Ersteins anomaly The Angle of Louis Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome None of the above The Angle of Louis The Angle of Louis is the sternal angle. This is the angle that is formed between the manubrium of the sternum and the body of the sternum. A thick, gelled mass of blood is considered which of the following? Blood pressure Blood clot Arterioles None of the above Blood clot Blood pressure is the force of pressure that is exerted by the heart when pumping blood. Arterioles is the small branches of the arteries. Blood clot is a thick, gelled mass of blood. An ECG (electrocardiogram) can detect which of the following? Evidence of hypertrophy of the heart muscle. The rate and rhythm mechanism of the heart. Evidence of impaired blood flow to the heart muscle. All of the above All of the above In addition to the above, how the heart is placed in the chest cavity and damage to various sections of the heart muscle can be seen. An electrocardiogram can also show abnormal electrical activity that can cause the patient to experience abnormal cardiac rhythms. The heart valve which separates the right atrium and the right ventricle is considered which of the following? 41 | P a g e Coronary Mitral valve Anemia Tricuspid valve Tricuspid valve Coronary is relating to the heart. Mitral valve separates the left atrium and the left ventricle. Anemia is a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying material of the blood. Tricuspid valve separates the right atrium and the right ventricle. If the cardiac arrest patient is assessed and the rhythm is not shockable, which of the following interventions should be done first? Administer epinephrine Begin CPR Administer lidocaine Shock the patient Begin CPR When the patient is assessed and the rhythm is found unshockable, then the healthcare staff should begin CPR. After CPR is started, then ACLS should be continued as per the rhythm of the patient. With a 12-lead ECG, the only two leads that provide a view of the anterior portion of the heart is which of the following? Lead AVF Lead V3 Lead V4 Both B and C Both B and C The AVF lead provides a view of the inferior portion of the heart. The V3 and V4 leads provides a view of the anterior portion of the heart. Of the following, which is considered the best way to determine if the CPR being provided is of quality? The color of the patient's skin. The rising of the patient's chest. The patient's urinary output. Both A and B 42 | P a g e Both A and B The quality of the CPR is very important. The best way to assess this quality is to look at the patient. Looking at the patient is actually the best way to tell if quality CPR is being done. The chest of the patient will rise and fall and the color of the patient's skin are both clinical signs of the quality of CPR. If a physician is studying diseases of the heart, it would be considered which of the following terms? Cardiopathy Cardiology Cardiectasia Cardioplasty Cardiopathy Cardiology is the study of the heart. Cardiectasia is stretching of the heart. Cardioplasty is the repair of the heart. Cardiopathy is diseases of the heart. Which of the following statements would not be correct related to ECG technician training? They are sometimes trained on the job. They are never trained on the job. They typically require about 60 hours training. They are often people who already work in the health-care field. They are never trained on the job. The ECG technician is often a person who already works in the health care field and are often trained on the job. If they are trained on the job, it typically last approximately 8 to 16 weeks. They usually undergo about 60 hours of training. A sudden drop in the blood flow through a patients body causing the circulatory system to be unable to maintain adequate blood flow is called which of the following? Shortness of breath Shock Pulmonary None of the above Shock Shortness of breath would be a difficulty in breathing, sometimes referred to as dyspnea. Pulmonary refers to the lungs. 45 | P a g e Under the breasts Knowing what to do in special circumstances helps the ECG technician do a good job. When preparing to do an ECG on a female with large breasts, the technician should lift the breasts and place the electrodes under. If there are ST elevations and Q waves in the posterior leads of V7-9, what would they be indicative of? Anterior MI Inferior MI Posterior MI Lateral MI Posterior MI Changes in V1-V3 suggest a posterior MI. ST elevations and Q waves in the posterior leads of V7-9 would be indicative of a posterior infarction. Which of the following would be the best description for arteritis? Inflammation of the joints. Inflammation of the arteries. Inflammation of the muscles. None of the above Inflammation of the arteries. Inflammation of the joints would be arthritis. Inflammation of the muscles would be muscle inflammation. Inflammation of the arteries would be arteritis. A critical patient is awaiting a heart transplant. Which of the following types of pacemakers might be of benefit to this patient while they are waiting? Atrial pacer Biventricular pacemaker Wandering pacemaker None of the above Biventricular pacemaker If a patient is awaiting a heart transplant and becomes critical, it would be considered life-threatening. At the time when they are critical, the use of a biventricular pacer may help until a heart transplant 46 | P a g e organ becomes available. This pacer is a special pacemaker which can be used for cardiac resynchronization in heart failure patients. Which of the cardiac cells are considered to be negatively charged inside? Depolarized Contracting Relaxed None of the above Relaxed When cell recovery is occurring, the ions shift back to their original places and the cell recovers the negative charge inside. This results in the myocardial relaxation and is considered to be repolarization. When performing an electrocardiogram (ECG), there is an electrical power leakage. Which of the following could this be considered? Premature ventricular contractions Artifact Wandering baseline 60-cycle interference 60-cycle interference Premature ventricular contractions, artifact, and wandering baseline are not correct. The 60-cycle interference is caused by a power leakage while performing an EC The ECG technician that is instructing the patient regarding the Holter monitor should tell them which of the following? That a button down shirt or blouse is best to wear over the electrodes. To go about their normal daily activities. To avoid electrical appliances such as hairdryer or electric razors because they could interfere with the ECG signals. All of the above All of the above When the patient is wearing a Holter monitor, the ECG needs to provide instructions to them. Some of these would include: That a button down shirt or blouse is best to wear over the electrodes. To go about their normal daily activities. 47 | P a g e To avoid electrical appliances such as hairdryer or electric razors because they could interfere with the ECG signals. The patient should not shower while the Holter monitor is on. The patient should wear a Holter device (shoulder strap or a belt loop) to secure the monitor. The patient should keep a diary/log of their activity. The patient should document any important details such as chest discomfort, dizziness or skipped heartbeats. The ECG technician completed the ECG for a patient in respiratory isolation for tuberculosis and prepares to leave the patient's room. When should the technician remove their N95 respirator mask? Prior to leaving the room. The ECG technician would not be required to wear a mask. After leaving the room. Both B and C After leaving the room. Most of the PPE should be removed prior to leaving the patient's room. The N95 respirator should be removed after leaving the room. Of the following, which is not considered to be one of the primary characteristics of a cardiac cell? Communicatability Contractility Automaticity Excitability Communicatability This is not one of the primary characteristics that is noted with cardiac cells. Contractility, automaticity, and excitability are correct. Also included is conductivity. NSR is the abbreviation for? Not significant Normal sinus rhythm Normal saline Nothing by mouth Normal sinus rhythm Not significant would be n.s. Normal saline would be NS. Nothing by mouth would be NPO Normal sinus rhythm would be NSR. 50 | P a g e Do not smoke Be more active Good nutrition Decrease stress Keep hypertension/cholesterol levels under good control. Patients that are admitted to an intensive care unit are placed on a continuous cardiac monitoring system. Which of the following would be considered correct for this type monitor? It serves as a quick reference for the healthcare staff. It can transmit a cardiac rhythm strip. It provides a continuous display. All of the above All of the above When admitted to intensive care, the patient is typically connected to a bedside cardiac monitor. When the patient is admitted to the cardiac floor, the cardiac monitor is typically portable and is worn around the neck. This monitor serves as a quick reference for the healthcare staff, providing a continuous display, and can also transmit a cardiac rhythm strip. If the patient's atrial fibrillation rate is 90 beats per minute, it would be considered which of the following? Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation Normal rate atrial fibrillation Controlled atrial fibrillation Rapid atria fibrillation Controlled atrial fibrillation With uncontrolled atrial fibrillation, the rate would be over 100 beats per minute. With controlled atrial fibrillation, the rate would be less than 100 beats per minute. In the healthcare industry, if the patient is not identified correctly, it could have the result of which of the following? Testing errors Procedures on the wrong patient Both A and B None of the above If the patient is not identified correctly, it could potentially result in which of the following: Testing errors 51 | P a g e Procedures on the wrong patient. Medication errors Transfusion errors The discharge of infants to the wrong family.