ED SAEM Test Questions and Answers: A Comprehensive Guide for Medical Professionals, Exams of Nursing

Download ED SAEM Test Questions and Answers: A Comprehensive Guide for Medical Professionals and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

2. where should you also check on exam/be aware of? - correct answers ✅1. inability to walk 4 steps immediately & in ED + any of the following:

• medial malleolus tenderness
• lateral malleolus tenderness
• navicular tenderensss
• 5th metatarsal tendereness

2. check fibular head tenderness- twisting injury ~ fibular fx name SIRS criteria (4) Describe CHEST study findings - correct answers ✅1. Temp < 36 or >
3. HR >
4. RR >20 or PaCO2 <
5. WBC 4,000 > x > 12, CHEST study (JAMA): previous SCC (surviving sepsis campaign) studies did not look at wards; found that SIRS reminders did not affect mortality
6. define sepsis
7. define severe sepsis- criteria? (SBP, Cr, bili, PLT, INR, lactate)
8. define septic shock - correct answers ✅1. pt who has potential infectious cause for SIRS syndrome
9. sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. Criteria: SBP <90 or MAP <70 or SBP decrease > Cr >2.0 or urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr Bili >

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

PLT <100,

INR >1.5 or PTT >60s lactate >2 mmol/L

3. low BP despite fluid administration
4. what lab is the ECG of sepsis?
5. list of labs to get for sepsis?
6. 3 hour bundle for sepsis?
7. 6 hour bundle? - correct answers ✅1. lactate
8. CBC, CMP, PT/INR/PTT, blood Cx x2, UA, CXR
9. lactate measurement, blood Cx then administration of broad spectrum abx, admin. of 30mL/kg IV crystalloid for hypoTN or lactate >
10. vasopressors for goal MAP >65, reassess & document volume, repeat lactate if initially > name the AEIOUTIPS of AMS - correct answers ✅A = alcohol E = epilepsy, electrolytes, encephalopathy I = insulin O = opiates & oxygen U = uremia T = trauma & temp I = infection P = poison & psychogenic

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

S = shock, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, space-occupying lesion

1. MC cause of asthma exacerbation?
2. Qs to ask pt when they come in?
3. mainstay of therapy? (1st line)
4. if mod/severe, give what?
5. if severe & not improving with albuterol, use what? (4 things)
6. criteria for ICU admission? - correct answers ✅1. URI
7. previous episodes, prior ED visits, hospitalizations or ICU admissions, steroid use, past intubations
8. albuterol nebulizer continuous 6-8L/min or via nasal cannula, place on cardiac monitor/continuous pulse oximetry with goal SpO2 >92%
9. oral/IV steroids
10. IM > SQ epinephrine 0.2mg or terbutaline 0.25 mg. Also ipratropium (anticholinergic) combined w albuterol = Duonebs. Last line: MgSO
11. <90% SpO2, FEV1 < 40%
12. how is dosing of drugs administered endotracheally? which drugs?
13. when do you think of H's and T's?
14. things to order during ACLS?
15. successful resuscitation dependent on what? Joules on biphasic & monophasic?
16. doses of Epi, vasopressin, amiodarone? - correct answers ✅1. 2-2.5x the IV route. Drugs: NAVEL- naloxone, atropine, vasopressin, Epi, Licocaine

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

2. during PEA/asystole
3. EKG, ABG, serum electrolytes, CXR, US
4. rapid defibrillation. biphasic: 200. Monophasic: 360
5. Epi 1mg (1:10,000), vaso 40U, amiodarone 300mg >150mg
6. what is the leading cause of systolic HF?
7. Tx for CHF exacerbation?
8. prognosis at Dx? - correct answers ✅1. myocardial infarction
9. nitrates are 1st line. IF fluid overloaded, then lasix. If in cardiogenic shock, levophed.
10. 5 years
11. classic triad of ruptured AAA
12. imaging of choice?
13. continuous abd bruit & palpable thrill?
14. bloody stool?
15. Mgmt of AAA? goal MAP? - correct answers ✅1. pain, hypo-TN, pulsatile abd mass
16. US
17. aortovenous fistula
18. aortoenteric fistula
19. 2 large bore IVs, type/cross, goal MAP 90-100, emergent surgery

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

1. name 4 causes of mesenteric ischemia & presentation?
2. which patients should you watch for? Sx?
3. MC cause? RF?
4. which has worst prognosis?
5. which occurs in younger pop?
6. Imaging used & gold standard?
7. Tx? For artery thrombus, embolus, veinous thrombosis. - correct answers ✅1. mesenteric artery embolus, thrombus, mesenteric vein thrombosis
8. elderly- N/V/D, sudden onset diffuse abd pain
9. Mesenteric a embolus- MR, valvular heart DZ, arrhythmias
10. Mesenteric artery thrombosis
11. Mes. vein thrombosis
12. CTA. Gold standard: angiography
13. 2 IVs, triple lumen for CVP, Abx. If thrombus: surgery, heparin. Embolus: Sx/Embolectomy. VT: thrombectomy with endarterectomy & lifelong anti- coagulation
14. Perforated viscus: sensitivity of XR?
15. test of choice?
16. labs?
17. Tx?
18. mortality? - correct answers ✅1. 30-80% having pt sit upright 10mins incr sens.
19. CT most sens & spec

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

3. type/cross, H/H, PT/INR, WBC, lactate, lipase, LFTs, BMP
4. 2 IVs, O2, IVF, Abx (cipro, metro, Pip/Tazo, imipenem)
5. up to 50%
6. MC causes SBO?
7. MC cause LBO?
8. Sx?
9. Dx testing? + test?
10. management? - correct answers ✅1. adhesions > hernias/tumors > strictures, gallstones, Crohn's
11. malignancy
12. abd pain, initial diarrhea, distention, vomiting
13. upright radiograph->CT w PO & IV contrast. + if loop >2.5 cm
14. NPO, IVF, GI consult, serial abd exams
15. initial mgmt of testicular torsion?
16. MC age of presentation?
17. PE signs?
18. golden time period?
19. what % of population does not have cresmasteric reflex? what % with a dead testicle had intact reflex? - correct answers ✅1. US- heterogenous/hypoechoic on greyscale, Doppler: arterial PLUS venous flow, high resistance waveform in arterial doppler), consult urology, NPO, attempt

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

manual detorsion by rotating away from midline 90 degrees while checking doppler (2/3 of cases)

2. 1st year of life & puberty
3. • Prehn's sign, absent cremasteric reflex. PE signs do NOT rule out!!
4. 6 hours (theoretical)- time is testicle!
5. 1/3!! 40% with a dead testicle still had a cremasteric reflex!!!
6. define pulsus paradoxus?
7. options for steroid administration in asthma exacerbation?
8. patients @ risk for getting S. pneumonia?
9. name RF for spontaneous pneumo?
10. pt has breathing discomfort after bee sting- Tx options? - correct answers ✅1. fall in SBP >10 mmHg during inspiration
11. IV or oral equally efficacious

12. 65 yrs old, DM, CAD, splenectomy, SC DZ, malignancy

13. smoking, thin male
14. inhaled albuterol, inhaled epi, heliox by face mask, IV cimetidine
15. which cause of pneumo is ~ bullous myringitis?
16. describe presentation/complic/mortality of Klebsiella?
17. which org ~ dorms/prisons?
18. MC HCAP orgs? - correct answers ✅1. mycoplasma pneumo
19. MC severe pneumo, empyema, abscess, bacteremia, high mortality, current jelly sputum

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

3. chlamydia pneumo
4. S pneumo, H infl, Klebsiella
5. causes of false + on stool guaic?
6. false -?
7. Mc causes of lower GI bleed? MC site? 4 MC cause upper GI bleed. DDx?
8. name infectious causes of bloody diarrhea
9. indic for blood transfusion? mgmt? - correct answers ✅1. methylene blue, chlorophyll, Br, I, Fe, cupric SO
10. Antacids, Bile, vitamin C
11. diverticulosis > CA > rectal, colitis, ischemia, angiodysplasia. L = R side.
12. PUD. DDX: gastritis, varices, mallory-weiss tear, aortoenteric fistula
13. Campylobact, E. coli 0157, Salmonella, Yersenia
14. Hb drop >3 acutely, Hb <9 and actively bleeding, massive bleed (1L). HCT q 6h
15. name 4 areas of possible hemorrhage?
16. management of drowning victim?
17. at what T does shivering stop?
18. define moderate hypothermia & Sx/VS
19. define severe hypothermia & mgmt - correct answers ✅1. intraperitoneal space, retroperitoneal space, thorax, GI

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

2. ABCs, SpO2, rewarming if hypothermic, CXR, C-spine eval if suspect trauma, EKG. NO role for abx!
3. Below 32 celcius
4. 28-32 celcius: AMS, bradycardia, bradypnea
5. T <28. Mgmt: core active rewarming w warm IV fluids
6. name the causes of metabolic acidosis? mnemonic for mgmt? - correct answers ✅M - methanol/metformin U - uremia D - diabetic ketoacidosis P - paraldehyde I - isoniazid/iron L - lactate E - ethylene glycol S - salicylates: (both is an acid & uncouples oxidative phosporylation) Mgmt mnemonic: KULTS?
7. what substances does activated charcoal not work on?
8. Tx for lithium overdose?
9. Tx for cocaine toxicity?
10. ASA overdose acid/base status?
11. Lethal acetaminophen dose? mgmt?
12. clonidine overdose Sx? mimics what?

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

7. pt drinks windshield wiper fluid- antidote?
8. pt drinks antifreeze- antidote? - correct answers ✅1. Li, lead, Fe, caustic liquids
9. dialysis
10. lorazepam
11. Anion gap metab. acidosis + respir. akalosis
12. 150mg. Mgmt: activated charcoal early, measure serum levels @ hour 4--

ORAL N-acetylcysteine

6. hypo-TN, bradycardia, AMS, respir. depression, miosis. Mimics opioids.
7. = methanol. Fomepizole
8. = ethylene glycol = Fomepizole. get Ca Oxalate crystals.
9. pt coming out of surgery has weird blood discoloration and SOB- dx? pulse ox? Tx?
10. define shock
11. name the 4 types
12. 1st invervention?
13. BP drops when what % intravascular volume is lost?
14. best IV method? reasonable fluids? - correct answers ✅1. methemoglobinemia. Pulse ox not helpful bc can't distinguish b/w oxy & methemoglobin. Tx: methylene blue.
15. inadequate end organ perfusion
16. hypovolemic, cardiac, distributive, obstructive
17. supplemental oxygen

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

5. 30%

6. 14 or 16g catheter- femoral > IJ, subclavian. NS, LR, blood, albumin
7. options in cardiogenic shock?
8. Tx spinal cord injury with neurogenic shock?
9. common organisms that cause sepsis?
10. possible complications of septic shock?
11. upper limit of normal body T? - correct answers ✅1. dobutamine, intra- aortic balloon pump
12. immobilization, high dose steroids, IVF
13. S. pneumo, E. coli, Psuedomonas, Staph
14. DIC, ARDS, ATN, high-output CHF
15. 100.4F or 38C
16. indications for fibrinolytic therapy in acute MI?
17. list signs of RV infarction on EKG. best way to Dx?
18. Pt with CP, and LBBB- Tx?
19. STEMI in V1-V3, aVL, I is what artery? anatomic region?
20. STEMI in II, III, aVF, V5, V6 is what artery? anatomic region?
21. what supplies the SA node?
22. name leads that are ant/poster/lateral? - correct answers ✅1. 1 mm ST elevation in @ least 2 contiguous leads & <12 hrs
23. v1 ST elevation, III elevation > II elevation. Dx: EKG with right-sided leads

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

3. pacemaker
4. LAD- anterlateral
5. RCA- inferolateral
6. RCA
7. ant: V1-V2 (septal); infer: II, III, aVF; lat: I, aVL, V5, V
8. initial medical Tx of aortic dissection?
9. pt with Hx TIA has increased risk which type of stroke?
10. name complications of subarachnoid hem. weeks after? - correct answers ✅1. BB (esmolol) to reduce shearing forces on aorta 1st-->then Na nitroprusside- easily titratable for BP control
11. thrombotic
12. seizure, re-bleed, cerebral a vasospasm, hydrocephalus
13. pt feels like room is spinning + hearing loss- Dx?
14. spinning and recent URI but no hearing loss- Dx?
15. Tx options for BPPV? - correct answers ✅1. labyrinthitis
16. vestibular neuronitis
17. Benzos, Vestibular neurons are mediated by acetylcholine; therefore, anticholinergic agents (e.g., meclizine, diphenhydramine, promethazine [phenergan]) are effective to minimize vertigo.
18. name some medications assoc. with suicidal ideation?
19. which psych pt has highest risk for suicide?

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

3. define silent suicide
4. define occult suicide
5. what is the MC cause of suicide by ingestion? - correct answers ✅1. interferon alpha
6. panic d/o > MDD > shizophrenia
7. slowly killing yourself nonviolently- like not taking meds or starvation
8. self-destructive act disguised as an accident
9. anti-depressant overdose ~ "mobilization energy"
10. specific protocol for ASA tox?
11. protocol for acetaminophen tox (labs, Tx)? When can you give activated charcoal?
12. briefly explain biochem of acetaminophen tox? - correct answers ✅1. 150 mEq NaHCO3 in 1L D5W: titrate to urine pH 7.5. VBG, ASA, UA q 1-2hr
13. Labs: 4hr level, BMP, LFTs (AST bumps 1st), U tox, PT/INR, bHcG. N- acetylcysteine IV: 150 mg/kg IV over 1st hour, then 12.5 mg/kg next 4 hrs, then 6.25 mg/kg over 16 hrs. If w/in 1 hr of ingestion: activated charcoal.
14. aceteminophen->NAPQI (metabolized by glutathione). Depleted in o/d-

NAPQI causes hepatic damage. NAC repletes Glutathione. MC cause for liver transplant give differential for Delirium - correct answers ✅-Withdrawal (alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines) -Acute metabolic disorder (electrolyte imbalance, hepatic or renal failure) -Trauma (head injury, postoperative)

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

-CNS pathology (stroke, hemorrhage, tumour, seizure disorder, Parkinson's) -Hypoxia (anemia, cardiac failure, pulmonary embolus) -Deficiencies (vitamin B 12 , folic acid, thiamine) -Endocrinopathies (thyroid, glucose, parathyroid, adrenal) -Acute vascular (shock, vasculitis, hypertensive encephalopathy) -Toxins, substance use, medication (alcohol, anesthetics, anticholinergics, narcotics) -Heavy metals (arsenic, lead, mercury)

1. what is the protocol for lowering SBP in hypertensive emergency?
2. what drugs are preferred? dose & max? CI for each?
3. which BB is safer in pt's with mildly reactive airways? - correct answers ✅1. Decrease SBP by 10-20% in 1st hr. Decrease SBP 10% over next 23 hrs
4. labetolol (10min onset)- 20mg slow IV push, then double dose q10mins, max 300. CI: asthma, COPD, bradycardia > hydral (20min onset)- 10mg, max
5. Nitroglycerin arterio-dilates @ hi doses only (great for ACS & pulm edema)
6. esmolol- (2 min onset, 20 min offset)
7. define 1st degree burn?
8. define 2nd degree burn?
9. define 3rd degree burn?
10. mgmt of inhalation injury?
11. temp. injures upper or lower airways more?

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

6. smoke injures upper or lower airways more? - correct answers ✅1. epidermis only; red, painful, well-demarcated
7. epidermis & part of dermis. Blisters/painful/wet.
8. full thickness. Painless. Leathery, white, brown, or black
9. CXR, oropharyngeal exam, laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy, pulse ox, CO, CH3-Hb
10. upper
11. lower
12. mgmt of minor burns? - correct answers ✅1. remove clothing/other material
13. run warm water over skin until T normalizes
14. pain control (NSAIDs, narcotics)
15. wash area with soap & water
16. apply topical ointment (bacitracin on face, bacitracin + xeroform [petroleum gauze] on body) or silvadene
17. change dressings at least daily
18. tetanus ppx!
19. intact bullae- 2 options?
20. what is parkland's formula?
21. type & rate of fluid administration?
22. what would be adequate urine output for adult? - correct answers ✅1. can leave intact (considered sterile) or rupture & put sterile dressings

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

2. 4 * [weight kg] * %BSA.
3. LR- 50% in 1st 8 hrs, remaining 50% next 16hrs
4. adult: 0.5cc/kg/hr
5. how can you tell the difference b/w scorpion stings & black widow spider bites?
6. Sx of scorpion envenomation?
7. mgmt? Last line? complic? - correct answers ✅1. scorpion stings are painful @ site. black widow bite has localized diaphoresis & possible lymphangitis
8. pain @ site, numbness, tingling, N/V, blurred vision, hypersalivation, clonus, abn eye movements, cholinergic syndrome
9. supportive only: ABCs, tetanus ppx, local wound care, opioids for muscle pain, benzos for NMS Sx. Last line: Anascorp (antivenom)- routine use not indicated bc most Sx resolve by 2d; Complic: serum sickness
10. pt is having a seizure that won't break with mult. doses of lorazepam- next drug of choice?
11. Tx for non-complicated cellulitis?
12. Tx for complicated cellulitis (purulent)?
13. Abscess- workup/TX? DDx? - correct answers ✅1. phenytoin 15mg/kg piggyback
14. Augmentin 875/125 bid
15. inpatient IV Clinda q

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

4. If simple, no labs needed! US may help differentiate from cellulitis. Tx: I&D

• abx! DDx: cellulitis, nec fascitis, hematoma, cyst.

1. common EKG findings in COPD exacerbation?
2. rare but specific finding on EKG?
3. mainstay of Tx?
4. indications for abx? drug choices?
5. dispo test?
6. if still hypoxic despite #3 & 4, next step? - correct answers ✅1. right axis deviation, peaked p waves in II, III, avF, R atrial hypertrophy.
7. multifocal atrial tachycardia
8. Duobens MC. Stacked albuterol treatments, ipratropium q4. PO prednisone or IV methylprednisolone.
9. increased sputum production, change in color sputum, or fever. Levaquin, macrolides, cephalosp, tetracycline
10. walk around ED with continuous pulse ox
11. NPPV-->RSI
12. pt is hemodynamically stable & you suspect ectopic pregnancy- mgmt? Unstable pt?
13. how can you exclude ectopic? DDx?
14. level of bHCg should IUP be visualized on transvaginal US? abd US?
15. US findings suggestive of ectopic
16. Treatment for confirmed ectopic?

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

6. Mgmt for stable pt with inconclusive US?
7. what % preggers have 1st trimester bleeding? what % of these will eventually miscarry? - correct answers ✅1. type & Rh, quantitative bHcG, CBC, transvaginal US. RhoGAM if Rh -. If unstable- emergent surgery (ObGyn)
8. visualization of yolk sac on transvag. US
9. 1500-2000 (5 wks). Abd: 6,500. DDx: ectopic, molar, cervicitis, septic abortion, trauma
10. empty uterus, extraovarian mass
11. methotrexate. May need 2nd dose if bHcG not decreasing
12. d/c with Ob/Gyn f/u within 48-72 hrs for serial bHcG & US examinations
13. 25%. of these, 50% will miscarry
14. Risk stratification for aortic dissection? (HPI only)- 6
15. Risk stratification for aortic dissection (on exam)- 5
16. low, medium, high risk- workup for each? - correct answers ✅1. either sudden or severe chest/back pain AND tearing/ripping/stabbing, recent aortic procedure, CT d/o, diagnosed thoracic aneurysm, FHx aortic dissection, aortic valve DZ
17. palpable pulse deficit, hypoTN, BP diff > 20mmHg, aortic insuff. murmur, neuro deficit
18. All 3 get EKG. Low & Medium get CXR. If Medium->can't confirm alternative Dx-->get advanced imaging. If Hi (>/= 2RF): 1st imaging should be advanced, NOT CXR
19. name the classes of anti-arrhythmics? - correct answers ✅1. I Na ch

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

2. BB

3. K blockers
4. CCB Electrical injuries:
5. which type of circuit is worse- AC or DC?
6. what are some high resistance tissues of body & consequence?
7. mechanism of injury from lightning strike? method of death & mgmt in field? - correct answers ✅1. AC 3x worse- causes muscle tetany & pulls source closer
8. bone, tendon, fat-->more heat = coag. necrosis
9. TM rupture, dysarhythmias. Death from persistent respiratory arrest: begin respir. support
10. Define heat exhaustion- electrolytes? LFTs? Hallmarks?
11. Define heat stroke- hallmarks? LFTs?
12. Tx of heat stroke? goal T? - correct answers ✅1. volume depletion + hyponatremia/hypochloremia. Hallmarks: T <104, sweating persists, LFTs 1000's
13. Heat stroke: thermoregulatory mechanisms fail. Sweating absent in 80- 90%, severe CNS derangement, LFTs in 10,000s.
14. Dunk in icebath! Must reduce T to 102 w/in 10-30mins. 2nd best is ice packs in axilla/groin
15. child has snake bite but is ASx- mgmt?

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

2. FB ingestion: adults have MC proximal/distal obstr?
3. FB ingestion: children have MC proximal/distal obstr?
4. MC location of ingested fb impaction? consult?
5. other common loc? - correct answers ✅1. Obs for 8 hrs then d/c if ASx
6. distal
7. proximal
8. upper esophagus @ cricopharyngeus mm- otorhinolaryngology consult
9. level of aortic arch, L main bronchus, GE junction > pylorus, duodenal C loop, ileocecal valve
10. FB ingestion: size too large to pass?
11. mgmt if very proximal?
12. Tx for coin? must differentiated from what & signs on XR? - correct answers ✅1. 6cm long x 2.5 cm wide
13. laryngoscopy or fiberoptic scope
14. observe 12-24hrs. Button batteries- halo sign & step off sign
15. Ingested button battery: golden time period?
16. Mgmt if past esophagus? (symptomatic, co-ingestion, ASx). If >2cm?
17. Mgmt if in the esophagus? when can use foley balloon?
18. MC ingested fb in peds? - correct answers ✅1. perforation in 6hrs!
19. symptomatic: surgical consult. Co-ingested: remove endoscopically. ASx: expectant w f/u in 24 hrs; repeat films in 48 hrs. If >2cm & still in stomach in 48 hrs->endoscopic removal.

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

3. endoscopic removal. If ingestion w/in 2 hrs, can do foley balloon removal
4. coin
5. ingested sharp objects: mgmt in case of where in GI tract?
6. ingested narcotics "body packers"- mgmt? MC packet?
7. If pt has ingested a 2cm blunt object & is drooling, choking- Tx?
8. If pt has 2cm blunt object in stomach & ASx, mgmt? - correct answers ✅1. duodenum. If proximal- endoscopic removal d/t risk of perforation. If distal- daily plain films. Consider surgery if no passage w/in 3d
9. Obs w plain films; Endoscopy CI d/t risk of iatrogenic rupture. MC is condom ~5 grams!
10. emergent endoscopic removal.
11. weekly radiographs until passage. If unpassed in 4 wks, endoscopic removal.
12. where is the MC site of perforation of long objects?
13. chemical mechanism of injury from button battery?
14. mgmt for cylindrical batteries? - correct answers ✅1. ligament of Treitz
15. electric current hydrolyzes local fluid & produces hydroxide + leakage of alkaline substance = liquifactive necrosis
16. f/u radiographs in 48hrs; if still in esophagus/stomach, then take out
17. pts with TBI more likely to __ compared to those w/out TBI?

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

2. Pt in hospice cannot receive oral morphine- other options? - correct answers ✅1. Die from unintentional injury
3. SC preferred > transdermal patch good option & has less constipation & nausea than morphine name the wells criteria (7) - correct answers ✅1. Sx of DVT (leg swelling & pain with palpation)
4. PE as likely or more likely than alternative Dx
5. HR >100
6. immobilization >3 days or surgery w/in 4 wks
7. previous DVT or PE
8. hemoptysis
9. malignancy (Tx w/in 6mo) name the PERC rule interpretation if all neg? - correct answers ✅1. age <50
10. pulse ox >94% on RA
11. no prior PE or DVT
12. no recent surgery or trauma
13. no hemoptysis
14. no estrogen use
15. no unilateral leg swelling If all neg & low suspicion, PE ruled out w/out further testing (no D-dimer needed)

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

Name CHAD2S-Vasc score and what used for - correct answers ✅Use for A- fib & anticoagulation CHF HTN Age >65 (1pt) or > 75 (2pts) DM Stroke, TIA, or thromboembolism Vascular DZ

1. what labs do you order to consider necrotizing fasciitis?
2. what benefits does CRP hold over ESR?
3. Mgmt/abx for nec (2 regimen options)? - correct answers ✅1. CRP, Creatinine, glucose, Hb, Na <135, WBC = CBC, BMP, CRP
4. not affected by age, gender, or meds
5. Immediate surgical consult, Clinda (inh toxins) + Vanc (MRSA) + Zosyn OR Linezolid + Zosyn
6. why is C. diff so bad? worst abx that are guilty of causing this?
7. severe C. diff lab criteria?
8. complications?
9. Tx for mild/moderate? severe? complic?
10. how many recurrences for you to consult GI for fecal transplant? - correct answers ✅1. High recurrence rate; 25% chance of recurrence at initial Dx. If

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

have 1st recurrence, change of another is 45%. 3rd is 65%. Abx: Clinda > FQ > 3rd gen cephalosp.

2. WBC >15, Cr >1.5x baseline, Alb <3
3. ileus, megacolon, shock
4. Flagyl 500 tid x14d. Severe: vanc 125mg po. Complic: metro + vanc
5. 3 recurrences
6. emphysematous pyelo- MC offending agent?
7. imaging of choice? - correct answers ✅1. E. coli
8. CT predictors of difficult bag mask ventilation? (mnemonic) - correct answers ✅Mask seal (beards, obstruction) Obese or obstructed Advanced age (>55) No teeth Stiff Predictors of difficult intubation (mnemonic) - correct answers ✅LEMON Look externally- micrognathia, short neck, buck teeth Evaluate 3-3-2: mouth opening < 3 fingers, horizontal mandible <3 fingers, thyromental distance <2 fingers Malampati score: soft palate, uvula, fauces, pillars visible Obstruction: secretions, stridor, hoarse voice

A+) Latest Update 2025 RATED A+

Neck mobility (limited)

1. steps in preparation for intubation? - correct answers ✅1. suction, BVM, ETT, meds, rescue airway backup
2. preoxygenate with 100% FiO2 for 3mins
3. give induction agent
4. give paralytic agent
5. intubate
6. auscultate over stomach & lungs & look for chest rise. Look for end tidal CO2 (the gold standard).
7. post-intubation sedation
8. options for induction (sedation) 3? what is especially good in hypotensive pt? in pt w reactive airway DZ? CI?
9. what are the length of tubing for women vs men vs children? cm from tip?
10. does CXR r/o esophageal intubation? - correct answers ✅1. etomidate 0.3 mg/kg. "Go-to" Ketamine 1.5 mg/kg. Hypotensive: ketamine! Reactive airway DZ: ketamine again! CI: cardiovasc. DZ. Propofol 2 mg/kg. Use in hemodynamically stable patients, status epilepticus, and reactive airway disease.
11. women: 21cm. 18cm from tip. men: 23 cm. 20 cm from tip. children: age (yrs)/2 + 12. Women: 18
12. no!
13. options for paralytics? 'doses for each?