Edexcel IAL Biology Unit 1 Topic 1 Exam Questions & Answers 2024, Exams of Nursing

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Question & Answers 2024

Monosaccharide - Correct Answers ✅single sugar unit Examples of Monosaccarides - Correct Answers ✅1. Glucose

2. Fructose
3. Galactose Disaccharides - Correct Answers ✅Two sugar units Examples of Disaccharides - Correct Answers ✅1. Maltose
4. Lactose
5. Sucrose Maltose is made up of... - Correct Answers ✅alpha Glucose + alpha Glucose = 1,4 glycosidic bond Lactose is made up of... - Correct Answers ✅Galactose + B glucose = 1.4 glycosidic bond Sucrose is made up of... - Correct Answers ✅Fructose + Glucose = 1,2 glycosidic bond

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Polysaccharides - Correct Answers ✅Containing three or more sugar units Examples of Polysaccharides - Correct Answers ✅1. Amylose

2. Glycogen
3. Amylopectin Amylose - Correct Answers ✅lots of alpha glucose molecules joined together by 1,4 glycosidic bonds Amylopectin - Correct Answers ✅1,6 and 1,4 glycosidic bonds, has side branches Glycogen - Correct Answers ✅Made of many monomers of alpha glucose, with 1,4 and 1,6 bonds Many side branches Fatty acids - Correct Answers ✅1 Glycerol + 3 fatty acids Distinguish between the structure of a unsaturated and a saturated fatty acid - Correct Answers ✅1. Saturated fatty acids have no

Question & Answers 2024

4. Thromboplastin, activates a series of enzymes that... in the presence of Calcium ions and Vitamin K, convert the protein Prothrombin into the enzyme Thrombin
5. Thrombin catalyses the conversion of soluble fibrinogen into souluble fibrin
6. When many fibrin molecues stick together, a mesh is formed, which traps other platelets and red blood cells. Thromboplastin is a... - Correct Answers ✅Protein Prothrombin is a... - Correct Answers ✅inactive enzyme Thrombin is an... - Correct Answers ✅active Enzyme Fibrinogen is... - Correct Answers ✅soluble Fibrin is... - Correct Answers ✅insoluble Athleresclorosis - Correct Answers ✅1. Damage to endothelium by an irritant

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2. Inflammatory response occurs White blood cells/Macrophages move to the site of infection causing atheroma formation
3. Calcium salts and fibrous tisue builds up at the site, forming a hard plaque on the inner wall of the artery What is the result of Athleresclorosis? - Correct Answers ✅1. The artery loses some elasticity
4. Artery becomes narrower, which makes it more difficult to pump blood around the body
5. High blood pressure Why does Atheresclorosis only occur in Arteries? - Correct Answers ✅Arteries contain fast flowing blood under very high pressure, therefore there's high chance of damage to the artery wall Why does Atheresclorosis not occur in veins? - Correct Answers ✅There's much lower pressure in veins, compared to arteries, so less risk of damage

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2. Fainting
3. Headaches
4. Blood pressure becoming too low Function of Statins - Correct Answers ✅To reduce LDL cholesterol levels in the blood Risks of using Statins - Correct Answers ✅1. Muscle and joint pain
5. Nosebleeds
6. Digestive problems Function of Anticoagulants - Correct Answers ✅Reduce blood clot formation Examples of Anticoagulants - Correct Answers ✅Warfarin & Heparin Function of platelet inhibitory drug... - Correct Answers ✅Reduce formation of blood clots

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Risks of Platelet inhibitory drugs - Correct Answers ✅- Nausea

• Excessive bleeding
• Diarrohea Structure Starch - Correct Answers ✅Made up of Amylose & Amylopectin Structure of Amylose - Correct Answers ✅1. Long, coiled but unbranched chain with 1,4 glycosidic bonds Structure of Amylopectin - Correct Answers ✅Long, branched chain, with 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds Distinguish between structure of saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid - Correct Answers ✅- saturated fatty acid has no carbon - carbon double bonds whereas an unsaturated fatty acid has at least one carboncarbon double bond
• saturated fatty acid chains are straight

Question & Answers 2024

sticky } / eq ;

5. reduced rate of gas diffusion / reducing ventilation of alveoli Explain why different fatty acids have different melting temperatures - Correct Answers ✅1. idea that the greater the number of double bonds the lower the melting temperature ;
6. (because) the fatty acid chain is more { bent / less linear ACCEPT double bonds result in kinks
7. fatty acids do not pack closely together;
8. weaker intermolecular forces covalent bonds or carbon bonds or pi bonds
9. less energy needed to separate fatty acid chain molecules Social and Ethical issues of Genetic screening - Correct Answers ✅- Risk of miscarriage

• false results can provide incorrect information
• Unethical to abort a fetus if it has a genetic disorder

Question & Answers 2024

Suggest how cholesterol affects membrane fluidity - Correct Answers ✅1. Cholesterol binds to fatty acid tails of phospholipids

2. Pulling fatty acid tails together, which reduces movement of the phospholipids Relative risk - Correct Answers ✅The chance of an event occuring, in one group compared to the other group