Educational Psychology Concepts and Theories, Exams of Nursing

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AEPA

Metacognition - correct answer ✔Understanding one's own thought process. "Thinking about thinking." Schema - correct answer ✔Mental representation of a concept Transfer - correct answer ✔Applying learning to another setting Self-efficacy - correct answer ✔A sense of competency for tasks Self-regulation - correct answer ✔Controlling one's own behaviors Classical Conditioning - correct answer ✔Changes involuntary behaviors Operant Conditioning - correct answer ✔Changes voluntary behaviors Cognitive Dissonance - correct answer ✔A feeling of discomfort due to being introduced to contradictory information. Constructivism - correct answer ✔View that learning comes from constructing your own knowledge and understanding of the world. Reliability - correct answer ✔The degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results

Validity - correct answer ✔This term refers to whether or not the test measures what it claims to measure Criterion Validity - correct answer ✔The extent to which a measure is related to an outcome. Concurrent Validity - correct answer ✔The extent to which performance on a measurement is related to current performance on a similar, previously established measurement. Predictive Validity - correct answer ✔Addresses how well a specific tool predicts future behavior. Content Validity - correct answer ✔This term refers to how accurately an assessment or measurement tool taps into the various aspects of the specific construct in question. In other words, do the questions really assess the construct in question, or are the responses by the person answering the questions influenced by other factors? Construct Validity - correct answer ✔The degree to which a test measures what it claims, or purports, to be measuring. Convergent Validity - correct answer ✔The degree to which two measures of constructs that theoretically should be related, are in fact related Discriminant Validity - correct answer ✔Tests whether concepts or measurements that are not supposed to be related are actually unrelated External Validity - correct answer ✔The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people

Erik Erikson's theory of human development - correct answer ✔Based on the idea that individuals experience internal conflicts at various stages in life, and interaction with others in the environment leads to the resolution of those conflicts. There are eight stages:

1. Trust vs. mistrust (infancy)
2. Autonomy vs. shame (Toddlerhood)
3. Initative vs. guilt (Preschool age)
4. Industry vs. inferiority (Elementary age)
5. Ego identity vs. role confusion (Elementary)
6. Intimacy vs. isolation (Young adulthood)
7. Generativity vs. stagnation (Middle adulthood)
8. Ego integrity vs. despair (65+) Sigmund Freud's theory of human development - correct answer ✔Three major personality structures are the: Id (which generates unconscious impulses) Ego (Which regulates acting on ID impluses) Anal stage- 1 to 3 years old Superego (Morally regulates the id and ego) Phallic stage- 3 to 5 years old Adaptation - correct answer ✔Adjusting to the environment Assimilation - correct answer ✔Fitting new but related information

Accommodation - correct answer ✔Fitting new but unrelated information Equilibrium - correct answer ✔Balance Internal Consistency Reliability - correct answer ✔Measures how consistent individual items within the same test are with each other in assessing the same construct. Inter-rater reliability - correct answer ✔Measures how consistent the ratings, observations, or scoring of different human beings are with one another. Test-retest reliability - correct answer ✔Determines how consistent a test's results are across administrations at different times. Parallel-forms reliability - correct answer ✔Determines how consistent two different versions of the same test are at measuring the same construct. Legal Blindness is defined as having - correct answer ✔20/200 on an eye test Subtypes of criterion validity - correct answer ✔Concurrent and predictive validity Piaget's - correct answer ✔Sensorimotor (birth-2) Sensory. Preoperational (2-7) Think symbolically. Concrete operational (7-11) Conversation, inductive logic. Formal operational (12+) Reason abstractly, moral, ethical.