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EMD COURSE V14 EXAM 2025 EMD COURSE V
ACTUAL FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
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Not Breathing Situations - CORRECT ANSWER Hanging, Strangulation, Suffocation, COMPLETE Obstruction, etc. Ineffective Breathing phrases - CORRECT ANSWER "Barely breathing", "Can't breath at all", "Gasping", "Turning purple", etc. Obvious extreme respiratory distress (1st party) - CORRECT ANSWER A 1st party caller exhibiting signs including, but not limited to, fighting for each breath, using single words or syllable to express her/himself, expressing extreme desperation, or thoughts of impending death. Agonal Breathing - CORRECT ANSWER An ineffective, deteriorating breathing pattern that lingers after the heart has essentially stopped pumping blood to the brain. Uncertain Breathing - CORRECT ANSWER A situation where a 2nd party caller is uncertain, unsure, indefinite, or ambiguous when asked if an unconscious patient is breathing. MEDICAL - CORRECT ANSWER A sudden, unexplained collapse resulting in unconsciousness, even when reported as ground-level fall, should be considered _________________ cardiac arrest until proven otherwise. TRAUMATIC - CORRECT ANSWER When cardiac arrest appears to be ____________ in nature, choose the Chief Complaint Protocol that best fits scene safety concerns and the mechanism or injury.
Mechanism of injury - CORRECT ANSWER If the complaint description suggests TRAUMA, choose the Chief Complaint Protocol that best addresses the _________________. foremost symptom - CORRECT ANSWER If the complaint description appears to be MEDICAL in nature, choose the Chief Complaint Protocol that best fits the patient's ________________ , with consideration given to priority symptoms. Protocol 6 - CORRECT ANSWER When the complaint description is breathing-related tracheostomy problems in the conscious patient, go to ____________. Do not utilize - CORRECT ANSWER If the complaint description involves both chest pain/HEART ATTACK symptoms and STROKE symptoms, go to Protocol 10 but _________________ the Aspirin Diagnostic and Instructions tool. consciousness and breathing - CORRECT ANSWER When the complaint description strongly suggests GENERALIZED seizure, go to Protocol 12 regardless of __________________________. coffee grounds appearance or unusually dark or black - CORRECT ANSWER If the complaint description involves vomit with a __________________________ and tar like fecal matter go to Protocol 21. Protocol 26 - CORRECT ANSWER Sickle cell crisis/thalassemia, autonumic dysreflexia or acute adrenal insufficiency are handled on due to trauma - CORRECT ANSWER For chest pain _______________________ go to Protocol 30. ground-level - CORRECT ANSWER For ______________________ falls caused by fainting, near fainting, or dizziness, go to Protocol 31. Protocol 32 - CORRECT ANSWER If the Chief Complaint and status of consciousness and/or breathing are unknown initially (3rd party), go to ___________________.
external wounds by a second rescuer, while CPR is initiated by a primary rescuer, may increase patient survival. Head tilt - CORRECT ANSWER The ________________ is the only recognized method of airway control in the PAI dispatch environment. Avoided - CORRECT ANSWER When possible, direct pressure on the would should be ____________ in the presence of visible fractured bone or foreign objects. NON-TRAUMATIC - CORRECT ANSWER Not primarily caused by an external physical injury "Hurts to breathe" - CORRECT ANSWER First Law or Chest or Back Pain: ______________ is not considered difficulty or abnormal breathing. "Do what the doctor has instructed for these type of situations" - CORRECT ANSWER If the caller asks whether the patient should be given their medication, the ED should respond. Sitting up position - CORRECT ANSWER The ____________________ is usually best for alert patients with any breathing difficulty. NON-RECENT - CORRECT ANSWER Six hours or more have passed since the incident or injury occurred. RULE OF NINES - CORRECT ANSWER Use the __________________ to determine the approximate size of the burn for response assignment purposes. HAZMAT - CORRECT ANSWER An incident involving a gas, liquid or other material that, in any quantity, poses a threat to life, health or property. Protocol 23 - CORRECT ANSWER For recreational inhalation of potentially harmful substances, go to _______________________.
Danger abounds - CORRECT ANSWER One patient down, trouble around? Two patients down, coincident found? Three patients down, ______________!! Obvious death criteria - CORRECT ANSWER Cold and stiff in a warm environment, decapitation, decomposition, incineration, NON-RECENT death, sever injuries incompatible with life. DNR - CORRECT ANSWER (Do Not Resuscitate) An order that tells medical professionals not to perform CPR. airway obstruction - CORRECT ANSWER A healthy child found in cardiac arrest is considered to have a ________________ until proven otherwise. Protocol 12 - CORRECT ANSWER When the complaint description strongly suggests GENERALIZED seizure, go to _________________ regardless of consciousness and breathing status. AED - CORRECT ANSWER Automated external defibrillator, might also be called "shock box". Protocol 30 - CORRECT ANSWER For chest pain due to trauma (current or non-recent) go to ___________________. Awake, talking, and responding (functionally alert) - CORRECT ANSWER Use of the Aspirin Diagnostic & Instruction Tool may be considered when a patient is reported to be not alert but is known to be _________________________. Over 16, alert, not pregnant, no reported STROKE symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER Qualifications to take aspirin COMPLETE Obstruction - CORRECT ANSWER Prevents talking, breathing, or coughing
An effective quality improvement program includes case review, feedback, and: - CORRECT ANSWER continuing dispatch education (CDE) MPDS words or phrases that have a specific dispatch definition are marked using: - CORRECT ANSWER all uppercase text (all capital letters) The Priority Symptoms are: - CORRECT ANSWER abnormal breathing, chest pain/discomfort (any), decreased level of consciousness, and SERIOUS hemorrhage An alert, 34-year-old, first-party caller reports that he is having chest pain. Key Questioning finds: slight difficulty breathing no difficulty speaking between breaths clammy no history of heart attack or angina no drugs or medications in the past 12 hours What is the most appropriate Determinant Code? - CORRECT ANSWER 10 - D- 4 When using the MPDS, actual response assignments and emergency modes (lights-and-siren vs. no lights-and-siren) are predetermined by: - CORRECT ANSWER local Medical Control and EMS Administration You are using the Stroke Diagnostic Tool. The caller reports: slight difference in smile one arm higher than other (both raised, but unequally) said "The early bird catches the worm" correctly This should be considered: - CORRECT ANSWER STRONG evidence of stroke Which of the following is the best definition for "cervical cerclage"? - CORRECT ANSWER a surgical procedure meant to prevent premature dilation of the cervix and, therefore, premature labor
A second-party caller reports that his 85-year-old sister says her heart is beating way too fast and she needs to go to the doctor. The patient is awake and breathing effectively. Immediately after completing Case Entry interrogation, you should go to: - CORRECT ANSWER Protocol 19: Heart Problems/A.I.C.D A second-party caller reports that her 42-year-old husband is currently having a seizure. During Case Entry, the caller reports that the patient is not awake and is not breathing, but is still seizing. What is the most appropriate Chief Complaint Protocol to use for this case? - CORRECT ANSWER Convulsions/Seizures Which of the following is the best definition for "repetitive persistence"? - CORRECT ANSWER A calming technique in which the calltaker repeats a phrase verbatim using a firm but caring tone. The phrase should contain both an action and a reason for the action. A second-party caller reports that her 81-year-old mother just fell (ground level) and may have broken her hip. During Case Entry, the caller reports that the patient is awake and breathing. In response to Key Question 2 on Protocol 17, the caller reports that the patient was dizzy and may have fainted. What should you do next? - CORRECT ANSWER Shunt to Protocol 31. In response to Case Entry Question 3, the caller reports that her 34- year-old husband accidentally set himself on fire while using gasoline to ignite a campfire. The man is still on fire. What should you do next?
- CORRECT ANSWER Immediately initiate a 7-E-1 response and provide the appropriate Case Entry PDIs. If the EMD does not understand the caller's language well enough to determine a Chief Complaint and no one on duty is able to assist, the EMD should: - CORRECT ANSWER send 32-B-4, immediately contact a language line service, if available, and reconfigure as appropriate. If the caller believes a DNR (Do Not Resuscitate Order) should be ignored or is uncertain if a DNR is valid or in place, an appropriate
The International Academies of Emergency Dispatch recommends that emergency dispatchers verify the address and callback number by repeating the information back to the caller. - CORRECT ANSWER false A second-party caller reports that an unconscious man is slumped over the steering wheel of his car in the parking lot of her apartment complex. The caller does not know if the patient is breathing. A note attached to the driver's side window says "Warning! Dangerous chemicals inside!" What is the most appropriate Chief Complaint Protocol to use for this case? - CORRECT ANSWER 8: Carbon Monoxide/Inhalation/HAZMAT/CBRN In response to Case Entry Question 3, a 10-year-old caller reports that he believes his 16-year-old sister has drowned. She is currently at the bottom of the family swimming pool. What should you do next? - CORRECT ANSWER Send 14-E-2, provide Case Entry PDIs a and c, and then return to questioning. Which of the following lists contains the four elements necessary to prove negligence in a court of law? - CORRECT ANSWER duty, breach of duty, damage, causation You are providing Childbirth-Delivery instructions from Protocol F. In response to the operant question on Panel 10, "Is the afterbirth (placenta) out yet?" the caller reports that the afterbirth is not out, but the mother is experiencing serious cramping. What should you do next? - CORRECT ANSWER Link to Panel 37. A second-party caller is reporting an assault on a 26-year-old male patient. Key Questioning finds: no SERIOUS bleeding completely alert injuries to head and chest no difficulty breathing (breathing normally) happened 30 minutes ago What is the most appropriate Determinant Code? - CORRECT ANSWER 4 - B-1A
An unconscious, non-breathing hypothermia patient should always be considered an OBVIOUS DEATH until proven otherwise. - CORRECT ANSWER false PDI-b on Protocol 6 has a Pre-Instruction Qualifier (PIQ) of "(≥1 + E-1 or D-1, 2, 3)." This PIQ indicates that PDI-b should be given: - CORRECT ANSWER whenever the patient is one year old or older and a 6-E-1, 6- D-1, 6-D-2, or 6-D-3 Determinant Code is appropriate for the case. What is the most appropriate Chief Complaint Protocol to use when the complaint description is a breathing-related tracheotomy (trach or stoma) problem in a conscious patient? - CORRECT ANSWER 6: Breathing Problems Public safety agencies that fail to take appropriate remedial action against employees who demonstrate poor performance may be found liable for the employee's inappropriate actions based on the legal concept of: - CORRECT ANSWER negligent retention. The Gap Theory suggests that: - CORRECT ANSWER silent "gaps" during a call can elevate caller anxiety. A second-party caller is reporting that her 10-year-old daughter accidentally cut herself with a sharp knife and is bleeding all over. The patient is awake and breathing. In response to Key Question 1 on Protocol 21, the caller reports that the patient is bleeding from her cheek. What should you do next? - CORRECT ANSWER Ask Key Question 2 on Protocol 21. The symbol in the "Go To" column of a Chief Complaint Protocol directs you to: - CORRECT ANSWER use the Stroke Diagnostic & return to questioning. Which of the following is the best definition for "wake-effect collision"? - CORRECT ANSWER a traffic accident caused by the passage of an emergency vehicle that does not directly involve (hit) the emergency vehicle
bleeding and that the patient is completely alert, but he is worried because she hit her head. The patient has been moved inside. What is the most appropriate Determinant Code? - CORRECT ANSWER 17 - D- 6 An alert, 38-year-old, first-party caller reports that she fell six feet (two meters) from the top of a ladder about two hours ago. She is now experiencing severe back pain and cannot get out of her bed because of the pain. What is the most appropriate Chief Complaint Protocol to use for this case? - CORRECT ANSWER 17: Falls A second-party caller reports that his 12-year-old son injured his hip playing football. There is no bleeding, and the patient is completely alert and breathing normally. The caller reports that the injury occurred last night (over 10 hours ago), but the boy just woke up and is complaining that he can barely walk because of the pain. What is the most appropriate Determinant Code? - CORRECT ANSWER 30 - A- 3 The head-tilt is the only recognized method of airway control in the PAI dispatch environment. - CORRECT ANSWER true A second-party caller reports that his 17-year-old friend was stabbed during a fight. During Case Entry, the caller reports that the patient is awake and breathing. Key Questioning finds: SERIOUS bleeding completely alert stabbed in abdomen one wound just happened What is the most appropriate Determinant Code? - CORRECT ANSWER 27 - D-4S During Case Entry, a second-party caller reports that his 12-year-old stepson is having a generalized (non-FOCAL/non-ABSENCE) seizure. Key Questioning finds: not more than one seizure in a row not diabetic epileptic (diagnosed seizure disorder) no history of STROKE or brain tumor
jerking (twitching) stopped effective breathing verified using AGONAL BREATHING Detector What is the most appropriate Determinant Code? - CORRECT ANSWER 12 - A-1E According to the First Law of Chest or Back Pain, "hurts to breathe" should be considered the same as difficulty breathing until proven otherwise. - CORRECT ANSWER false On the Case Entry Protocol, use of the AGONAL BREATHING Detector is not necessary when UNCERTAIN BREATHING or INEFFECTIVE BREATHING is associated with unconsciousness. - CORRECT ANSWER true A third-party caller reports that a bus full of passengers just crashed into a large tree. The caller has no other information about the incident. What is the most appropriate Determinant Code? - CORRECT ANSWER 29 - D-1b A caller reports she is pregnant and having abdominal pain. In response to Key Question #1, Protocol 24, she indicates she is 22 weeks along. How many additional Key Questions would the EMD need to ask? - CORRECT ANSWER c. Two (#6 and #7) During Case Entry question #3, the caller reports her son is at the bottom of the swimming pool. What should the EMD do next? - CORRECT ANSWER c. Dispatch 14-E-2, read PDI A and D, then return to questioning A caller is reporting a construction worker fell off the roof of a commercial building. The caller estimates the patient fell approximately 35 feet. The patient is awake and breathing, with multiple fractures and SERIOUS bleeding. What is the correct determinant code? - CORRECT ANSWER b. 17-D- 1
ANSWER c. Initiate a 7-E-1 response, provide Case Entry PDIs a and h, and return to questioning. A second-party caller reports that his 8-year-old sister is currently having what appears to be a GENERALIZED seizure. The patient is not awake and not breathing. What is the best Chief Complaint Protocol? - CORRECT ANSWER c. 12: Convulsions/Seizures Pre-Arrival Instructions should always be given, regardless if there is a scene safety concern. - CORRECT ANSWER b. False During Case Entry, the caller indicates the patient is awake, but having INEFFECTIVE BREATHING. In Protocol 6, Key Question #1, the caller indicates the patient is not completely alert. What should the EMD do next? - CORRECT ANSWER c. Shunt to Key Questions #4 and
Caller reports a patient has been bitten on their foot by a snake. The patient is awake and breathing normally with no other symptoms. What is the appropriate determinant code? - CORRECT ANSWER b. 2- D- 4 If an AED is a long way from the scene, the EMD should begin CPR instructions (BC-4) and return to Protocol Z when the AED arrives. - CORRECT ANSWER a. True Which Pre-Arrival Protocol would you use for an unconscious, adult choking victim? - CORRECT ANSWER b. Protocol C While providing CPR instructions via Protocol C to an adult cardiac arrest victim, the caller reports the patient vomits just after the instructions from panel 8 were successfully given. What should the EMD do next? - CORRECT ANSWER b. Read the instructions from panel 15, then return to sequence Post-Dispatch Instructions will be read as scripted but may be enhanced with a situational or conditional statement as long as the
meaning or intent of the instruction is kept intact. - CORRECT ANSWER a. True A question with the pre-question qualifier of female 12- 50 should be asked - CORRECT ANSWER only when the caller reports that the patient is a female between the ages of 12 and 50 Key questions must be asked in in order as written - CORRECT ANSWER True When the callers description indicates that the patient is having heart attack like symptoms, choose which protocol - CORRECT ANSWER 10 chest pain/ chest discomfort During Case Entry, the caller indicates a 38 - year-old male patient is experiencing abdominal pain for the past 2 hours. The patient is awake and breathing and seated next to the caller. Which Key Questions would you ask next? - CORRECT ANSWER Key questions 1& In Protocol 5, in answer to Key Question 2, the caller indicates an hour ago he was playing football with his friends and tweaked his back when tackling someone. What should the EMD do next? - CORRECT ANSWER Shunt to protocol 30 Code for a patient that has been experiencing nausea for the past 3 days? The patient is completely alert, breathing normally and has no other symptoms. - CORRECT ANSWER 26 - A- 6 A chest pain patient with pale skin is considered to be CHANGING COLOR. - CORRECT ANSWER False During Case Entry, the caller reports their loved one is experiencing heart palpitations. The caller reports they were simply watching TV when this started. The patient is currently awake and breathing. What is the appropriate Protocol to go to after Case Entry? - CORRECT ANSWER Protocol 19
Aspirin Diagnostic and Instructions - CORRECT ANSWER ASA Choking - CORRECT ANSWER 11 Choking (Conscious)- Adult/ Child/ Infant/ Neonate - CORRECT ANSWER D Convulsion/ Seizures - CORRECT ANSWER 12 Diabetic Problems - CORRECT ANSWER 13 drowning/ Near Drowning/ diving/ SCUBA Accident - CORRECT ANSWER 14 Person IN Water - CORRECT ANSWER K Electrocution/ Lightning - CORRECT ANSWER 15 Eye Problems/ Injuries - CORRECT ANSWER 16 Falls - CORRECT ANSWER 17 Headache - CORRECT ANSWER 18 Heart Problems/ A.I.C.D. - CORRECT ANSWER 19 Heat/ Cold Exposure - CORRECT ANSWER 20 Hemorrhage/ Lacerations - CORRECT ANSWER 21 Tourniquet - CORRECT ANSWER T Inaccessible Accident/ Other Entrapment (non- traffic) - CORRECT ANSWER 22 Overdose/ Poisoning (Ingestion) - CORRECT ANSWER 23
NARCAN/ Naloxone Nasal Instructions - CORRECT ANSWER Q Naloxone Auto-injector (Evzio) Instructions - CORRECT ANSWER R Naloxone Injection Instructions - CORRECT ANSWER S Pregnancy/ Childbirth/ Miscarriage - CORRECT ANSWER 24 Miscarriage - CORRECT ANSWER G Psychiatric/ Mental Health Conditions/ Suicide Attempt/ Abnormal Behavior - CORRECT ANSWER 25 Sick Person (specific diagnosis) - CORRECT ANSWER 26 Stab/ Gunshot/ Penetrating trauma - CORRECT ANSWER 27 Stroke (CVA)/ Transient Ischemic Attack( TIA) - CORRECT ANSWER 28 Stroke Diagnostic Tool - CORRECT ANSWER Blue squiggle face Traffic Collison/ transportation incident - CORRECT ANSWER 29 Vehicle in Water - CORRECT ANSWER L Traumatic Injuries (specific) - CORRECT ANSWER 30 Unconscious/ Fainting (Near) - CORRECT ANSWER 31 Unknown Problem (Person Down) - CORRECT ANSWER 32 Transfer/ Interfacility/ Palliative Care - CORRECT ANSWER 33 Airway/ Arrest/ Choking (Unconscious)- Newborn/ Neonate < 30 Days - CORRECT ANSWER N
