Emergency Medical Care and Trauma Management, Exams of Health sciences

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EMT FINAL 150-199 STUDY QUESTIONS

150. In which age group do you anticipate seeing patients who have less efficient cardiovascular systems and a reduction of previous blood volume? A) Middle adulthood B) Late adulthood C) Infancy D) Early adulthood- best response b
151. Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the venae cavae? A) Right ventricle B) Right atrium C) Left ventricle D) Left atrium- best response b
152. Which one of these groups is at greatest risk of contracting and transmitting tuberculosis? A) Current and former smokers B) Immunosuppressed patients C) Healthcare practitioners D) Uranium mine workers- best response b
153. You are called for a women who is about to deliver. During the labor process, your patient's water breaks. She experiences a rush of warm water and an increase in uterine contractions. The purpose of the amniotic fluid is to: A) help maintain a constant fetal body temperature. B) provide lubrication during the delivery of the baby. C) allow the fetus to float during development. D) All of the above- best response d
154. What are three elements of successful trauma care that field practitioners can use which will ultimately translate into greater rates of survival? A) Physiological determinants, anatomic criteria, and mechanism of injury B) Teamwork, timing, and transport C) Ground ambulances, air helicopters, and trauma centers D) Lights, sirens, and diesel- best response b
155. Which of the following agencies have developed regulations for dealing with hazardous materials emergencies? A) NHTSA and NRC B) NAEMT and NHTSA C) DOT and FCC D) OSHA and EPA- best response d

156. Which of the methods listed below is best described as moving a patient from the floor to a 156) stretcher by having two or more rescuers kneel, curl the patient to their chests, stand, and then reverse the process to place the patient on the stretcher? A) Direct ground lift C) Power lift B) Direct carry D) Draw-sheet method- best response a
157. During which age group is the body in peak physical condition? A) Early adult B) Preschool C) Middle adult D) Adolescent- best response a
158. Which of the following structures is found in the lower airway? A) Tonsils B) Bronchi C) Uvula D) Pharynx- best response b
159. You are on the scene of a riot following a decision in a controversial court case. A large group of people have set fire to vehicles, broken windows, and assaulted people in the area. Which of the following would be the BEST method of incident command? A) Singular command by law enforcement B) Singular command by fire service C) Singular command by EMS D) Unified command- best response d
160. You respond to a farm for a possible snake bite. You find a 36-year-old male patient seated against a tree. Bystanders state the patient was bitten on the arm by a rattlesnake and is "really sick." As you approach, you notice that the patient appears in obvious distress, diaphoretic, and holding his right wrist. Which of the following is your highest priority? A) Confirm the location and status of the snake. B) Perform a primary assessment and identify any potential life threats. C) Immediately apply a constricting band to minimize the spread of the venom. D) Confirm the type of snake and contact medical control for specific instructions.- best response a
161. Which of the following would you expect to hear when auscultating the lungs of a patient having an anaphylactic reaction?

A) Wheezing B) Fine, wet crackles or rales C) Clear, adequate air movement D) Coarse-sounding rhonchi- best response a

162. Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the body? A) Platelets B) Red blood cells C) Plasma D) White corpuscles- best response c
163. Which of the following describes any substance produced by a living organism that is poisonous to human beings? A) Antigen B) Antibody C) Acid D) Toxin- best response d
164. You respond, along with fire department Emergency Medical Responders, to a 48-year-old female having a syncope episode in the bathroom. You find the patient sitting on the commode vomiting into the trash can. The vomitus appears to look like coffee grounds and has a foul smell. The patient is pale and has n weak for the past few days. She has: A) hernia. B) peritonitis. C) GI bleeding. D) abdominal aortic aneurysm.- best response c
165. A wound in which the epidermis is scraped away with minimal bleeding, such as commonly 165) occurs when a child falls on his knees on a sidewalk, is called a(n): A) evisceration. B) abrasion. C) contusion. D) avulsion.- best response b
166. You are called to the scene of a 45-year-old nonsmoker male with a history of asthma in respiratory distress. You find him lying supine on the couch. The patient is lethargic but can answer all your questions appropriately. He is diaphoretic, and complains of being cold, coughing, and having difficulty breathing for the past 3 days. His vital signs are blood pressure of 110/70, heart rate of 116, respiratory rate of 24, oxygen saturation of 93%, and temperature of 100.6°F. You hear rhonchi in the left lobes and he is coughing up yellow-tinged sputum. What condition do you suspect? A) Pneumonia B) Silent myocardial infarction C) COPD D) Asthma- best response a

167. You are called to a residence for a 48-year-old male patient. He is lying in bed, groaning in pain and curled into a fetal position. His blood pressure is 88/50, pulse 136, and respiratory rate of 32. His wife states that he complained of lower right abdominal pain for several days that got progressively worse, until about an hour ago when it became suddenly unbearable. The wife states the husband had been refusing to see a doctor, but she finally called 911. You suspect appendicitis and are concerned about the subsequent onset of: A) peritonitis. B) renal colic. C) toxic shock. D) splenic rupture.- best response a
168. The maxillae form which of the following structures? A) Upper jaw B) Forehead C) Lower jaw D) Cheek bones- best response a
169. It is often difficult to distinguish a true medical emergency from a psychiatric emergency. You are confronted with a patient experiencing personality changes ranging from irritability to irrational behavior, altered mental status, amnesia or confusion, irregular respirations, elevated blood pressure, and decreasing pulse. It appears to be a psychiatric emergency. What else could also likely cause this behavior? A) Lack of oxygen B) Stroke C) Head injury D) Low blood sugar- best response c
170. When performing chest compressions on a pregnant patient that has gone into cardiac arrest, what change do you need to make in the placement of your hands? A) 1 to 2 inches lower on the sternum B) 0.5 to 1 inch lower on the sternum C) 1 to 2 inches higher on the sternum D) 0.5 to 1 inch higher on the sternum- best response c
171. You and your partner are en route to a motor vehicle crash involving a tanker truck on a rural road. Dispatch informs you that fluid is leaking from the truck, that there are several bystanders passed out on the ground near the cab of the truck, and that a caller has reported the code that appears on a placard attached to the tanker truck. You should: A) remove the bystanders from the scene. B) park downwind from the tanker truck. C) consult the Emergency Response Guidebook. D) park about 50 feet from the truck.- best response c

172. Which of the following is a physiologic effect of the "Stress Triad" as described by the physician Hans Selye? A) Hypertrophy of the lymph nodes C) Bleeding gastric ulcers B) Amnesia for stressful events D) Atrophy of the adrenal glands- best response c
173. When managing an electrical burn, the EMT should: A) quickly check the pulse, even if the patient is still in contact with the electrical source. B) never attempt CPR unless it is within 4 minutes of contact. C) check for a source and ground burn injury. D) always attempt to remove the patient from the electrical source.- best response c
174. A patient whose mental status can be described as "verbal" is able to: A) respond to speaking or shouting by opening the eyes. B) respond only to a stimulus such as the EMT rubbing his sternum with his knuckles. C) tell you his or her name, his or her location, and what day it is. D) talk spontaneously and respond to the EMT's questions.- best response a
175. What is the best way to communicate with a young pediatric patient? A) Do not tell the child that a procedure will hurt beforehand because the child will become terrified. B) Tell the child the procedure will hurt much more than it actually will so he or she will be pleasantly surprised when the procedure is over. C) Sit at the level of the child, if possible, and always be honest. D) Only talk with the parents. The child is too young to know his or her medical history.- best response c
176. When assessing a 14-year-old male patient that has been involved in a bicycle accident, you notice that he has a small amount of blood coming from his left forearm. This observation is known as which of the following? A) Symptom B) Indication C) Clue D) Sign- best response d

177. Your patient is a 32-year-old man with a fish hook that has perforated his hand between the thumb and index finger. Which of the following is the best way to manage the situation in the prehospital setting? A) Push the hook through the wound to avoid further damage from the barbed end. B) Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it. C) Pull the hook out from the same direction in which it entered the hand. D) Apply a pressure dressing over the hook.- best response b
178. Which of the following statements regarding syrup of ipecac is NOT true? A) It can cause a patient to aspirate stomach contents into the lungs. B) It has an immediate action. C) It causes emesis in all patients with a single dose. D) It removes only about one-third of stomach contents.- best response b
179. Which of the following is a substance that will neutralize a poison or its effects? A) Deactivator B) Curative C) Antidote D) Antevert- best response c
180. which o f the following types of radiation emits the most powerful rays? a-delta b-beta c-alpha d-gamma- best response d
181. When the body is in water, how many times faster does it lose heat than when it is in still air? A) 2 B) 10 C) 100 D) 25- best response d
182. Many factors that cause dizziness and syncope are generally related to the: A) nervous system. B) kidneys. C) lungs. D) brain.- best response d

183. Which of the following is NOT a warning sign or physical symptom of stress? A) Heart palpitations C) Chest pain B) Increased salivation D) GI distress- best response b
184. Which of the following bones is found in the chest? A) Ilium B) Sternum C) Tarsals D) Metacarpals- best response b
185. When managing a patient who may hurt himself or others, you should do all of the following except: A) retreat if the patient becomes threatening. B) make sure only you and the patient are in the room. C) keep bystanders a safe distance away. D) watch for sudden changes in the patient's behavior.- best response b
186. The drug ecstasy is classified as what type of drug? A) Barbiturate B) Hallucinogen C) Tranquilizer D) Depressant- best response b
187. You are called to assist a 25-year-old female patient who is in profound respiratory distress. The patient has a history of asthma and severe allergies to peanuts. She has a prescribed albuterol inhaler and an epinephrine auto-injector. The patient states she was working in her garden when she accidentally stirred up a hornets' nest and was stung multiple times. The patient has wheezing in all fields, and is breathing at 28 times per minute. She states that she triggered her asthma by running across the yard to the safety of her home. As you apply oxygen, you notice that she is now speaking in two- to three-word sentences, her skin has splotches, and her tongue and neck appear to be swelling. Your next action is to call medical control and then do what? A) Do not request to give epinephrine. It was prescribed for a peanut reaction, not for asthma. B) Request to assist the patient with her Albuterol inhaler for h- best response c
188. What is NOT one of the basic parts of a bag-valve-mask system? A) 15/25 respiratory fitting B) Non-jam valve C) Self-refilling shell D) Be nonrebreathing- best response a

189. Which of the following is a sign of possible brain injury? A) Irregular breathing pattern B) Deep laceration of the scalp C) Projectile vomiting D) All of the above- best response d
190. While treating a pregnant trauma patient, which of the following is the BEST way to keep the fetus alive? A) Do not put the patient on a spine board to prevent supine hypotensive syndrome. B) Transport the patient to the closest pediatric center. C) Do an emergency cesarean section of the fetus. D) Treat the patient as any other trauma patient.- best response d
191. The patient was a driver in a lateral impact motor vehicle collision. During the assessment of his chest, the EMT notes a segment of the chest wall moving in the opposite direction from the rest of the chest. Which of the following BEST describes this finding? A) Tension pneumothorax C) Intercostal retractions B) Paradoxical movement D) Flutter segment- best response b
192. Which of the following is a characteristic of child abusers of special need patients? A) They rarely feel guilt or remorse. B) They usually identify with the child's pain and suffering. C) They usually want the child's injuries treated. D) Alcohol and drug abuse is uncommon.- best response a
193. A 36-year-old man has accidentally shot a nail into his thigh while using a nail gun. Under which of the following circumstances should the EMT remove the nail from the injury site? A) Bleeding from the wound is minimal. B) The patient's distal pulse, motor function, and sensation are intact. C) The nail is less than 2 inches in length. D) None of the above- best response d
194. Which of the following is NOT a role of dialysis in a renal failure patient?

A) Remove waste from the body B) Stimulate blood cell production C) Remove fluid from the body D) Filter and detoxify the blood- best response b

195. You are examining a 24-year-old female patient with lower quadrant abdominal pain. What is the MOST lethal possibility? A) Pelvic inflammatory disease C) Mittelschmerz B) Cholecystitis D) Ectopic pregnancy- best response d
196. The safest way to extinguish a road flare is to: A) pick it up and rub it onto the ground. B) pick it up and snuff it out with a gloved hand. C) douse it with a fire hose. D) let it burn out.- best response d
197. You are called for a sick 2-year-old boy. When you arrive, you see the boy sitting quietly on his mother's lap. You note that he is not crying and has his head tucked against his mother's chest. However, he does lift his head and look at you when you enter. As you approach, he withdraws deeper toward his mother. What have you learned about the patient so far? A) He is alert and probably acting appropriately. B) His front fontanelle is sunken, likely from dehydration. C) His skin is warm and dry. D) He probably does not have a fever.- best response a
198. You are dispatched to an industrial plant for a burn. You arrive and find a 60-year-old male who came in contact with a broken steam line and appears to have partial thickness burns on both hands and arms. He is lying on the ground and coworkers are gently spraying him with water from a nearby hose. What should you do? A) Call for air transport and continue to pour water on the burns until transport arrives. B) Care for the burn and do a complete patient assessment, including cervical spine precautions. C) Before doing treatment, call the local burn center for instruction. D) Because of his age, immediately put him in your ambulance and transport him to a burn center.- best response b

199. You respond to a 32-year-old female who is having a seizure. You arrive on the scene to find the patient drowsy, confused, and complaining of a headache. This patient is demonstrating the: A) postictal phase. B) clonic phase. C) tonic phase. D) aura phase.- best response a