Emergency Medical Care: Guide to Unstable Angina, Cardiac Emergencies, and Medical Conditi, Exams of Nursing

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TCC EMT Final Exam Questions and

Answers.

1. Unstable angina - - ✔✔angina discomfort that is prolonged or worsening, or that occurs without exertion and when the patient is at rest.
2. What two rhythms will an AED defibrillate? - ✔✔Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) and Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)
3. Abandonment - - ✔✔discontinuing care without transferring care to health care professional with equivalent or better training.
4. Aerobic metabolism (processing glucose) - - ✔✔chemical and physical changes that take place within the cells (with oxygen).
5. Anaerobic metabolism - - ✔✔chemical and physical changes that take place within the cells (without oxygen).
6. and ligaments connect - ✔✔bone to bone.
7. Baroreceptors are - ✔✔stretch-sensitive receptors located in the aortic arch and carodid bodies that constantly measure the blood pressure.

8. Blood is made up of four main parts: - ✔✔red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Red blood cells deliver oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and transport carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs. White blood cells fight infection and kill of germs and CO2. Platelets combine with other blood components to form clots to prevent bleeding. Plasma, which is 90% water, is the medium in which all the blood components and clotting factors are transported.
9. Cardiogenic shock - - ✔✔caused by ineffective pump function of the heart
10. Chemoreceptors are - ✔✔receptors that constantly monitor the arterial content of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the blood pH and stimulate a change in the respiratory rate and depth.
11. Constricted - ✔✔Central nervous system disorder, narcotics use
12. Deep sea diving patient (decompression sickness) transports: - ✔✔do NOT place the patient in a trendelenburg or head-down position.

13. Diastolic BP - - ✔✔the amount of pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries while the left ventricle of the heart is at rest.
14. Dislocation - - ✔✔the displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint.
15. Distributive shock - - ✔✔is associated with a decrease in intravascular volume caused by massive systemic vasodilation and an increase in capillary permeability
16. Epiglottitis signs and symptoms: - ✔✔Dyspnea, high fever, sore throat, inability to swallow with drooling, anxiety and apprehension, tripod position, fatigue, high-pitched inspiratory strider, cyanosis, trouble speaking, SP O2 <95%
17. Febrile seizures - - ✔✔caused by high fever, most common in children between 6 months and 6 years of age.
18. Fracture - - ✔✔a break in the continuity of a bone.
19. Gravida refers to. Para refers to - ✔✔pregnancy a woman who has given birth.

20. Heat exhaustion - - ✔✔occurs when the body's cooling mechanisms have been expended, and the central nervous system and other systems are starting to show the consequences of this depletion.
21. Heat stroke - - ✔✔occurs when the body's heat regulating mechanisms break down and become unable to cool the body.
22. Hemorrhagic Stroke - - ✔✔a stroke caused by a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.
23. Hepatitis B can be transmitted through - ✔✔blood and bodily fluids.
24. Hepatitis B signs and symptoms: - ✔✔atigue, nausea and loss of appetite, abdominal pain, headache, fever, yellowish color of skin and whites of eyes (jaundice), and dark urine.
25. Hollow Organs - - ✔✔Stomach, Gallbladder, Duodenum, Large intestine, Small intestine, Bladder
26. Hyperglycemia - - ✔✔> 120mg glucose level
27. Hypoglycemia - - ✔✔<60mg glucose level

28. If the patient contributed in any manner to his own injury or illness, and he chooses to file a negligence claim against an EMS provider, then the patient may be found guilty of - ✔✔contributory negligence.
29. Insulin has three functions: - ✔✔it increases the movement of glucose out of the blood and into the cells, it causes the liver to take up the glucose out of the blood and convert it into glycogen (the stored form of glucose), and it decreases the blood glucose level by the actions listed in 1 and 2: facilitating the movement of the glucose into the cells and the liver.
30. Ischemic Stroke - - ✔✔a stroke caused by an obstruction to a vessel in the brain, a "brain attack".
31. Left Heart Failure: - ✔✔Normal to high systolic BP, inspiratory roles breath sounds, no JVD, and no peripheral edema
32. Libel - - ✔✔defaming through writing or mass media with malicious intent or reckless disregard.
33. LLQ - - ✔✔large intestine, female reproductive organs
34. Look at pg. 1193-1195 for types of birth. - ✔✔.

35. Look at pg. 654-655 for seizure patient treatment. - ✔✔.
36. Look at pg. 886-892 for types of impacts - ✔✔.
37. LUQ - - ✔✔stomach, spleen, pancreas, large intestine, left kidney
38. Minute ventilation is the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute. - ✔✔Minute ventilation = tidal volume (Vt) x frequency of ventilation (f/minute)
39. Monophasic AED shocks from - ✔✔one pad to the other
40. Negligence - - ✔✔deviating from an accepted standard of care.
41. Nonreactive - - ✔✔cardiac arrest, brain injury, drug intoxication or overdose
42. Obstructive shock results from - ✔✔a condition that obstructs forward blood flow

43. Off-line medical controls are - ✔✔protocols or standing orders
44. On-line medical control is given via - ✔✔phone or radio.
45. Patient goes from compensated shock to decompensated shock when - ✔✔the compensatory mechanisms become exhausted or over-whelmed, leading to a failure to maintain pressure inside the vessels and perfusion of the vital organs.
46. Pnemothorax - - ✔✔air in the pleural space causing collapse of the lung. Signs and symptoms of this are chest pain worsens with deep inspiration, dyspnea (SOB), tachypnea (fast rate of breathing), and decreased or absent breath sounds on the affected side.
47. Proper body mechanics for lifting and moving: - ✔✔Keep the weight of the objects as close to the body as possible
48. To move a heavy object use the leg, hip, and gluteal (buttocks) muscles plus contracted abdominal muscles. Stack

49. Reduce the height or distance through which the object must be moved.
50. Protection from Hepatitis B - - ✔✔wear gloves, wash hands, vaccination, double-bag and seal all soiled refuse, and clean/disinfect/sterilize all non disposable equipment.
51. Proximate cause - - ✔✔when deviation from an accepted standard of care results in further injury to the patient.
52. Pulmonary Hypertension - - ✔✔an increase of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, vein, or capillaries, together known as the lung vasculature, leading to shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, and other symptoms, all of which are exacerbated by exertion.
53. Pupil Size: Dilated - ✔✔cardiac arrest, drug use such as LSD, amphetamines, cocaine
54. Rapid extrication should be used in patients with - ✔✔any abnormality of the airway, breathing, oxygenation, or circulation and for those with critical injuries or illnesses.
55. Referred pain is - ✔✔pain that is felt in a body part removed from the point of origin of the pain.

56. Refusal - attempt to: - ✔✔Perform as much of an assessment as possible
57. Always make another effort to provide assistance
58. Document a PCR (patient care report), have person, family, etc... sign it
59. Offer alternate care.
60. Right Heart Failure: - ✔✔Low to normal systolic BP, clear BBS, JVD, and peripheral edema
61. RLQ - - ✔✔appendix, large intestine, female reproductive organs
62. Routes a poison can enter the body: - ✔✔injection, ingestion, inhalation, contact (absorbtion)
63. RUQ - - ✔✔liver, gallbladder, large intestine, right kidney

64. Scope of Practice - - ✔✔the actions and care that an EMT is legally allowed to perform, as typically defined by state laws.
65. Signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis - - ✔✔skin reactions, a feeling of warmth, the sensation of a lump in their throat, constriction of the airway, wheezing/trouble breathing, a weak and rapid pulse, N/V, diarrhea, and dizziness or fainting.
66. Signs and symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - - ✔✔Tachypnea (rapid rate of breathing), wheezing, hyperaeration (enlargement of the chest), accessory muscle use, increased anteroposterior to lateral ratio of the chest (barrel chest)
67. Signs and symptoms of Hyperventilation syndrome (Panic attack) - ✔✔- fatigue, nervousness and anxiety, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest tightness, numbness and tingling around the mouth, hands, and feet, tachypnea, tachycardia, spasms of the fingers and feet causing them to cramp (carpopedal spasm), may precipitate seizures in a patient with a seizure disorder.
68. Signs and symptoms of hypothermia - - ✔✔cyanosis, fixed/dilated pupils, irregular pulse, slow respiration, slow/rapid heart rate, cardiac arrest, hypotension, confusion

69. Signs of difficulty breathing in pediatric patients - - ✔✔accessory muscle use, retractions, tachypnea, tachycardia (increased heart rate), NASAL FLARING, prolonged exhalation, frequent coughing, cyanosis to the extremities, anxiety
70. Slander - - ✔✔defaming through spoken statements with malicious intent or reckless disregard.
71. Solid Organs - - ✔✔Spleen, Liver, Pancreas, Kidneys
72. Sprain - - ✔✔injury to a joint capsule, with damage to or tearing of the corrective tissue, and usually involves ligaments.
73. Stages of delivery: - ✔✔dilation, expulsion, placental
74. Stages of hypothermia: (5) - ✔✔stage 1 - shivering, stage 2 - apathy and decreased muscle function, stage 3 - decreased level of responsiveness, stage 4 - decreased vital signs, stage 5 - death.
75. START - - ✔✔Simple Triage And Rapid Transport. This systems initially categorizes patients for priority movement to triage.

76. Strain - - ✔✔injury to a muscle or a muscle and tendon, possibly caused by overextension, or over stretching
77. Systolic BP - - ✔✔the amount of pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart contracts and ejects blood.
78. Tendons connect - ✔✔muscle to bone
79. The APGAR scale is - ✔✔Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Appearance, Respiration, and it is performed at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth.
80. The by-products of anaerobic metabolism are - ✔✔lactic acid, water and carbon dioxide.
81. The four parts of negligence are - - ✔✔The EMT had a duty to act. - The EMT breached that duty to act. - The patient suffered an injury or harm that is recognized by the law as a compensable injury. - The injuries were a result of the breach of the duty (proximate cause).
82. The most common collisions in which ambulances are - ✔✔involved at intersections.

83. The stages of shock: - ✔✔Compensatory shock, Decompensatory shock, Irreversible shock
84. The treatment for chemical burns - ✔✔is to be flushed with copious amounts of water.
85. Tort - - ✔✔a wrongful act, injury, or damage
86. Treatment of a Anaphylactic reaction - - ✔✔maintain patent airway, suction secretions, maintain oxygen therapy, prepare to assist with ventilations, administer epinephrine by a prescribed auto-injector.
87. Treatment of shock: - ✔✔cover patient, trendelenburg, high-flow of oxygen
88. Types of consent - - ✔✔Expressed consent, implied consent, consent to treat a minor, and involuntary consent
89. Types of medications used in an inhaler - - ✔✔albuterol, metaproterenol, isoetharine, bitolterol mesylate, salmeterol zinafoate, ipratropium, levalbuterol, pibuterol

90. Types of seizures: - ✔✔Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal), simple partial, complex partial, absence (petit mal), febrile.
91. Unequal - - ✔✔stroke, head injury, artificial eye (occasionally a normal find), eye drops
92. When cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks out it is a classic sign of
    • ✔✔basilar skull fracture.
93. Where to check pulse: - ✔✔adult/toddler - radial - - infant/newborn - brachial