Emergency Medical Concepts and Procedures, Exams of Nursing

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in the united states, mobile intensive care units initially were staffed by: - Answer- nonphysician providers EMS network begins: - Answer- with citizen involvement which of the following statements regarding the EMT is correct? - Answer- in some states, emts are trained in advanced airway management and IV therapy the 2009 national ems education standards: - Answer- outline the minimum knowledge base that the paramedic must possess in order to function in the field records of your education, state or local credentials, and recert are held by a recognized agency through a process called: - Answer- registration _____________ of one sort or another is necessary all the time, for growth, for development, or just for meeting the demands of everyday life: - Answer- adaptation in contrast to secondary prevention, primary prevention focuses on: - Answer- keeping an injury from occurring in the first place the leading cause of death in the united states is: - Answer- heart disease the first step in developing an injury prevention program is to: - Answer- conduct a community assessment in order for an injury prevention program to be considered credible, it: - Answer- should have quantitatively measured results the best teachable moments are those that: - Answer- convey positive reinforcement if you must deviate from your protocols because of unusual circumstances, you should first: - Answer- notify medical control the Good Samaritan Law was originally passed in order to: - Answer- encourage the public to help at emergency scenes

ethics related to the practice and delivery of health care is called: - Answer- bioethics under the osha act of 1970, an ems employer must: - Answer- make the hep B vaccine available to the employee at no charge if a patient is reluctant to communicate bc he or she feels threatened, the paramedic should: - Answer- cautiously approach the patient with palms facing out the process of formulating the words or ideas to be sent and formatting the info for transmission is called: - Answer- encoding ethnocentrism is defined as: - Answer- the belief that one's own culture is superior to others HIPPA requires that: - Answer- patient info shall not be shared with entities or persons not involved in the care of the patient if a patient with decision-making capacity adamantly refuses treatment for an injury or condition that clearly requires immediate medical attention, the medic should: - Answer- contact online medical control for guidance this term best describes a clinical finding on the same side of the body as an injury: - Answer- ipsilateral a patient with dysphasia has: - Answer- difficulty speaking the osmotic pressure of a solution, or the ability to affect the movement of water is: - Answer- osmolality the projection of the neurons that receives electrical impulses from other neurons is called: - Answer- dendrite what is the cribriform plate? - Answer- horizontal bone through which the olfactory nerve filaments pass the ongoing process by which red blood cells are made is called: - Answer- erythropoiesis first pass metabolism occurs in the: - Answer- liver what type of tissue fills body spaces, stores fat, and produces blood cells? - Answer- connective in the blood stream, __________ reacts with the plasma protein angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I - Answer- renin

a sodium loss in the body without a proportionate loss of water would cause: - Answer- hyponatremia Acidosis is characterized by a(n): - Answer- increase in hydrogen ions and a decrease in pH. white blood cells that develop from B cells and produce large volumes of specific antibodies are called: - Answer- plasma cells The body reacts to stress first by releasing: - Answer- catecholamines what is the average systolic blood pressure range for a newborn? - Answer- 67 to 84 mm Hg upper respiratory tract infections are more common in toddlers than infants because: - Answer- of a loss of passive immunity what is true regarding renal function in older adults is correct? - Answer- aging kidneys respond less efficiently to hemodynamic stress blood pressure is the product of: - Answer- cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance asymmetry of the pupils: - Answer- must be correlated with the patient's overall presentation. Arterial pulses are a physical expression of: - Answer- left ventricular contraction Synthesizing information about a patient with multiple medical conditions involves: - Answer- assessing each condition's potential for having a life-threatening impact knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology is MOST important during the _____________ stage of critical thinking - Answer- data interpretation Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 - Answer- was a legislative act dealing with narcotic and nonnarcotic medications that have a potential for abuse, and developed a drug classification system according to the abuse potential of the medications. the united states pharmacopeia (USP) recommended temperature range for the MOST medications in the prehospital setting is: - Answer- 59 to 86 medicaiton X is given to increase the effects of medication Y, which provides more relief than if medication Y was given alone. this is an example of: - Answer- potentiaiton

a medication is called an antagonist if: - Answer- it has higher affinity for the receptor site than the chemical mediator a(n) _____________agent is used to increase the pH of the serum or urine. - Answer- alkalinizing If seizures occur following the administration of flumazenil (Romazicon): - Answer- benzodiazepine medications will be minimally effective or ineffective in controlling the seizure succinylcholine should be used in patients with: - Answer- known hyperkalemia IV fluids introduced into the circulatory system - Answer- can affect the tonicity of the extracellular fluid and can be harmful Once D5W is infused into the body: - Answer- the body metabolizes the dextrose quickly and the solution becomes hypotonic. once an IV solution is removed from its protective sterile plastic bag, it must be used: - Answer- within 24 hours vein irritation during IV therapy is usually caused by: - Answer- an infusion rate that is too rapid in which of the following cases would the paramedic MOST likely instill medication down a gastric tube? - Answer- toxic ingestion in patients with a depressed swallowing mechanism the pulse oximeter would be LEAST useful when: - Answer- determining the patient's baseline respiratory rate if several attempts to open a patients airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver are unsuccessful, you should: - Answer- carefully tilt the patients head back while lifting up on the chin endotracheal (ET) intubation is MOST accurately defined as: - Answer- passing an ET tube through the glottic opening and sealing off the trachea what condition would MOST likely cause hyperpnea? - Answer- increased intracranial pressure Barrel-chest appearance classically seen in emphysemic patients is secondary to: - Answer- air trapping in the lungs pneumonitis is especially common in older patients with: - Answer- chronic food aspiration

when auscultating the lungs of a patient with early pulmonary edema, you will MOST likely hear: - Answer- crackles in the bases of the lungs at the end of inspiration the S1 heart sound represents: - Answer- closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves. repolarization begins when: - Answer- the sodium and calcium channels close. myocardial ischemia occurs when the heart muscle: - Answer- is deprived of oxygen because of a blocked coronary artery. which of the following MOST accurately describes an acute myocardial infarction? - Answer- necrosis of a portion of the myocardium due to a prolonged lack of oxygen. the QT interval would MOST likely be prolonged in patients: - Answer- who are hypocalcemic. A 39-year-old man with severe dehydration requires IV fluid therapy to treat his condition. the patient is conscious, alert, and oriented to person, place, time, and event. you should: - Answer- ask him if you can start and IV and explain the reason for the IV as well as the potenital risks of IV therapy. the abdominal aorta begins at the level of the: - Answer- 5th lumbar vertebra. a patient with chronic renal insufficiency who has been taking laxatives and presents with confusion, muscle weakness, and decreased deep tendon reflexes MOST likely has: - Answer- an increased serum level of magnesium an inflammatory condition of the respiratory system that results in intermittent wheezing and excess mucus production is called: - Answer- asthma carpopedal spasm that occurs during respiratory alkalosis is caused by an: - Answer- intracellular calcium shift cells that mature in the bone marrow where they differentiate into memory cells or immunoglobulin-secreting cells are called: - Answer- B lymphocytes Strength of a person's peripheral pulses is related to: - Answer- stroke volume and pulse pressure a patient is generally considered to have orthostatic vital signs when: - Answer- the heart rate increases by 20 beats/min or more when going from a supine to a standing position

a patient experiences profound sedation when an opioid, such as fentanyl, is given together with a benzodiazepine, such as midazolam. this is an example of: - Answer- synergism in general, alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists: - Answer- lower the blood pressure. massive doses of atropine may be required when: - Answer- acetylcholine increases dramatically due to acetylcholinerase inhibition a 60-year-old woman with acute chest discomfort requires 0.4 mg of sublingual nitro. prior to administering the medication, you should: - Answer- ask her if she wears a transdermal nitro patch a 71-year-old woman presents with tachypnea, flushed skin, and postural hypotension. which of the following chief complaints is most consistent with these clinical findings? - Answer- diarrhea administering large amounts of an isotonic crystalloid solution to a patient with internal bleeding would MOST likely: - Answer- increase the severity of internal bleeding by interfering with hemostasis. a patient who is coughing up purulent sputum is MOST likely experiencing: - Answer- an infection a patient who is coughing up thick pulmonary secretions should NOT take: - Answer- an antitussive a 33-year-old male presents with chest pain that is alleviated when he sits forward. the 12 lead ECG shows ST elevation of 2 to 3 mm in multiple leads. what should you suspect? - Answer- pericarditis a 70 yr old woman remains in asystole following 10 minutes of well coordinated cpr, successful intubation, iv therapy, and three doses of epi. there are no obvious underlying causes that would explain her cardiac arrest. at this point, it would be appropriate to: - Answer- seriously consider ceasing resuscitative efforts. defibrillation of a patient who is in asystole is detrimental to the patient bc: - Answer- causes an unnecessary interruption in the chest compressions how does CPR change after an advanced airway device is inserted? - Answer- ventilations should be asynchronous with chest compressions on a capnographic waveform, point__________is the maximal ETCO2 and is the best reflection of the alveolar CO2 level. - Answer- D

paramedics must use extreme caution when accessing the airway via the cricothyroid membrane because: - Answer- the cricothyroid membrane is borded laterally and inferiorly by the highly vascular thyroid gland which of the following leads provides the BEST view of the anterolateral wall of the left ventricle? - Answer- V4 and V during the refractory period: - Answer- the cell is depolarized or in the process of repolarizing. the QRS in lead 1 is a positive deflection and in lead aVF is a negative deflection. this indicates: - Answer- left axis deviation. which of the following variables has the greatest impact on the efficacy of myocardial reperfusion therapy? - Answer- the duration from the symptom onset to treatment. disruption of blood flow through the innominate artery due to dissection is likely to produce: - Answer- pulse or blood pressure deficits a wide QRS complex that is preceded by a normal P wave indicate: - Answer- abnormality in ventricular conduciton on the 12 lead ECG, right atrial abnormality is characterized by: - Answer- a P wave amplitude greater than 1.5mm in lead 1