Emergency Medical Procedures, Exams of Nursing

Download Emergency Medical Procedures and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! FISDAP PARAMEDIC FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| 2025 EXAM FISDAP PARAMEDIC QUESTION BANK 600+ QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS You have received an order for a dopamine drip. You carry 500cc bags of D5W. How much dopamine should you add to the bag to create a 1600mcg/1mL dilution? A. 800mg B. 1600mcg C. 1600mg D. 400mcg Correct Answer A. 800 mg 2. During the absolute refractory period, what happens to the cardiac cell? A. It is unable to be stimulated. B. The cell is vulnerable to partial stimulation. C. Potassium is being pumped out of the cell. D. Calcium has just rushed into the cell. Correct Answer A. It is unable to be stimulated. 3. A 29 year old female fell from an 18 foot roof. During your rapid trauma assessment, where are you most likely to find life-threatening injuries? A. Head, neck, extremities B. Head, chest, abdomen C. Abdomen, pelvis, arms D. Chest, pelvis, extremities Correct Answer B. Head, chest, abdomen 4. Unequal pupils are a result of pressure on which structure? A. Central medulla B. Trochlear membrane C. Vagus nerve D. Occulomotor nerve Correct Answer D. Occulomotor nerve 5. What is an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the blood called? A. Pneumonia B. Hypoxia C. Hypercapnia D. Emphysema Correct Answer C. Hypercapnia 6. What is oxygen deficiency in the body called? A. Hypercarbia B. Hyperoxia C. Hypoxia D. Hypoxemia Correct Answer C. Hypoxia 7. What is your initial priority at a trench collapse? A. Establishing medical command B. Maintaining control of the crowd C. Preventing a secondary collapse D. Protecting the patient's airway Correct Answer A. Establishing medical command 8. A 23 year old male complains of neck stiffness and flu symptoms for the past few days. He also describes a high fever with a severe headache, dizziness and blurred vision. What should you suspect? A. Hemorrhagic stroke B. Migraine C. Meningitis D. Influenza Correct Answer C. Meningitis 9. What causes an emphysema patient to have a pink appearance? A. Elevated PCO2 level B. Polycythemia C. Anemia D. Elevated PO2 level Correct Answer B. Polycythemia 10. Which of the following is a musical, squeaking or whistling sound heard in inspiration and expiration while auscultating lung fields? A. Wheezing B. Snoring C. Stridor 21. How does the blood flow through the heart? A. Right ventricle to right atrium to lungs to left ventricle to left atrium B. Right atrium to right ventricle to lungs to left atrium to left ventricle C. Left ventricle to left atrium to lungs to right ventricle to right atrium D. Left atrium to left ventricle to lungs to right atrium to right ventricle Correct Answer B. Right atrium to right ventricle to lungs to left atrium to left ventricle 22. As soon as an infant's head is delivered, what should you do? A. Determine the location of the umbilical cord. B. Rotate the shoulders to the anterolateral position. C. Examine the vulva and perineum for lacerations. D. Exert strong steady pressure on the fundus. Correct Answer A. Determine the location of the umbilical cord. 23. A patient has aphasia following a stroke, which lobe of the brain was affected? A. Temporal B. Occipital C. Parietal D. Frontal Correct Answer A. Temporal 24. What does the P wave represent with an ECG? A. Ventricular depolarization B. Atrial depolarization C. Ventricular repolarization D. Atrial repolarization Correct Answer B. Atrial depolarization 25. A lethargic 22 month old male presents with hoarseness and coughing. He has sternal retractions and his belly and chest move in opposite directions with each breath. He is breathing at a rate of 64. What should you suspect? A. Cardiopulmonary failure. B. Respiratory failure. C. Cardiopulmonary arrest. D. Respiratory distress. Correct Answer B. Respiratory failure. 26. A patient was ejected from an automobile and is apneic and pulseless. ECG reveals a regular rhythm with an R-R interval of 1.24 seconds and a QRS width of 110 milliseconds. You should consider A. transcutaneous pacing. B. atropine 0.5 mg IV. C. epinephrine 1 mg IV. D. adenosine 6 mg rapid IV. Correct Answer C. epinephrine 1 mg IV. 27. What organ is located in the upper right quadrant? A. Kidney B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Spleen Correct Answer B. Liver 28. A 24 year old male was stabbed in the thigh. Bright red blood spurts from the wound. What should you suspect that the patient severed? A. Vein B. Artery C. Ligament D. Tendon Correct Answer B. Artery 29. A 24 year old male was working underneath his car when it fell off of the jack. He was under the car approximately 20 minutes before being extricated. He has bluish discoloration of his skin above the nipple line. What should you suspect? A. Traumatic asphyxiation B. Pericardial tamponade C. Cushing's triad D. Pulmonary contusion Correct Answer A. Traumatic asphyxiation 30. A unrestrained 24 year old female driver hit an electrical pole and struck the steering wheel. She appears pale and complains of nausea and abdominal pain. What organ is LEAST likely to suffer an injury as a result of this impact? A. Spleen B. Diagphram C. Liver D. Stomach Correct Answer D. Stomach 31. What causes Down's syndrome? A. Brain trauma B. Extra chromosome C. Bacterial infection D. Psychological trauma Correct Answer B. Extra chromosome 32. Where would you insert the needle to decompress the chest? A. Below the 3rd rib midclavicular line B. Below the 4th rib midclavicular line C. Above the 4th rib midclavicular line D. Above the 3rd rib midclavicular line Correct Answer D. Above the 3rd rib midclavicular line 33. A 67 year old male complains of bloody stool with accompanying nausea and emesis. He states symptoms began 3 days ago. Vital signs BP 100/86, P 88, R 18. What should you do? A. IV fluid bolus B. Administer a diuretic C. Administer an antiemetic D. Apply oxygen Correct Answer A. IV fluid bolus 34. How much time do you have to successfully intubate a patient? A. 30 seconds. B. 15 seconds. C. 60 seconds. D. 45 seconds. Correct Answer A. 30 seconds. 35. What condition results when the alveoli collapse? A. Pneumothorax B. Pneumonia C. Effusion D. Atelectasis Correct Answer D. Atelectasis 36. Why should you administer IV fluid to a patient in hypovolemic shock? A. Increase the blood pressure B. Maintain adequate tissue perfusion C. Increase the body's oxygen carrying capacity D. Maintain the body's homeostatic state Correct Answer B. Maintain adequate tissue perfusion 37. What best defines shock? B. Fungus C. Antibody D. Virus Correct Answer A. Bacteria 48. A 68 year old female with CHF took 400 mg of furosemide, and is now unresponsive. Vitals signs are BP 110/70, P 100, R 6. What should you do? A. Perform an IV fluid bolus B. Begin manual ventilations C. Administer sodium bicarbonate D. Administer nitroglycerin Correct Answer B. Begin manual ventilations 49. Which stage of delivery begins with complete cervical dilation and ends with delivery of the baby? A. Second B. Third C. Fourth D. First Correct Answer A. Second 50. A 7 year old boy is found supine at the base of 15 foot high jungle gym. His teacher is unsure if he fell from the equipment. Vital signs are BP 100/90, R 0, P 42, SaO2 93%. What should you do? A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. B. Open his airway with a head tilt-chin lift maneuver. C. Open his airway with a jaw thrust maneuver. D. Start CPR. Correct Answer C. Open his airway with a jaw thrust maneuver. 51. What process involves a gas that travels from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration? A. Diffusion B. Osmosis C. Activated Transport D. Filtration Correct Answer A. Diffusion 52. A 12 year old male has suffered a blast injury. What phase would projectiles have caused injury to the patient? A. Primary B. Quaternary C. Tertiary D. Secondary Correct Answer D. Secondary 53. A 25 year old female began to experience shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. She has difficulty speaking in full sentences. Vital signs are BP 116/64, P 96 and regular, RR 24 and labored, SpO2 93% on room air. You auscultate her lung sounds and hear high-pitched lung sounds on exhalation. What should you do? A. Assist with her prescribed nitroglycerin B. Administer albuterol via a nebulizer C. Administer abdominal thrusts D. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask Correct Answer B. Administer albuterol via a nebulizer 54. You have been assigned to triage at an MCI. Your patient is bleeding from a cut on his head, R 22, P 100 radially, and he keeps asking "What happened?". What priority should be assigned to this patient? A. Yellow B. Red C. Black D. Green Correct Answer A. Yellow 55. A 32 year old female seated at a restaurant has severe wheezing. She is flushed, appears anxious, and has a runny nose. She states that she is allergic to shellfish and peanuts. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylaxis B. Epiglottitis C. Asthma D. Aspiration Correct Answer A. Anaphylaxis 56. You arrive on scene to find a 14 year old male leaning forward in a chair. He appears anxious, is drooling and you hear high-pitched sounds when he inhales. His mother states he has a fever and has been complaining of a sore throat. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylaxis B. Asthma C. Croup D. Epiglottitis Correct Answer D. Epiglottitis 57. How should you ensure that your glucometer is functioning properly? A. Insert a test strip and ensure that the glucometer turns on. B. Measure your partner's blood glucose level and compare to normal. C. Measure your own blood glucose level and compare to your normal. D. Insert a test strip and acquire a drop of the glucometer control solution Correct Answer D. Insert a test strip and acquire a drop of the glucometer control solution 58. What is the biggest difference between cardiogenic shock and hemorrhagic shock? A. Pulmonary edema B. Hypotension C. Cardiac Arrest D. Cyanosis Correct Answer A. Pulmonary edema 59. When you apply an end-tidal CO2 monitor, what are the 3 main items you are measuring? A. Metabolism, perfusion, and ventilation B. Metabolism, perfusion, and respiration C. Metabolism, cardiac output, and ventilation D. Perfusion, ventilation, and oxygenation Correct Answer A. Metabolism, perfusion, and ventilation 60. What do you call progressively deeper, faster breathing alternating gradually with shallow, slower breathing? A. Kussmaul's respirations B. Cheyne-Stokes respirations C. Biot's respirations D. Agonal respirations Correct Answer B. Cheyne-Stokes respirations 61. What happens during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential? A. The sodium-potassium pump is initiated. B. Potassium moves rapidly into the cell. C. The slow calcium channels close. D. The fast sodium channels open. Correct Answer D. The fast sodium channels open. 62. A 26 year old female jumped from the second floor of her house. She states she was getting away from her abusive husband. What should you do? A. Obtain a set of vital signs. B. Check for bilateral ankle fractures. D. provide a comprehensive health history. Correct Answer B. provide a field assessment of the patient's condition. 73. What is the primary action of insulin? A. Add a functional group during gluconeogenesis. B. Reduce the glucose consumption of the cells. C. Facilitate glucose transport into cells. D. Increase blood glucose levels. Correct Answer C. Facilitate glucose transport into cells. 74. What cells form the initial clot following vascular injury? A. Erythrocytes B. Lymphocytes C. Thrombocytes D. Monocytes Correct Answer C. Thrombocytes 75. What is the first confirmation of tube placement after orotracheal intubation? A. Condensation in the ET tube. B. Auscultation of the epigastrium C. Visualizing the tube passing the vocal cords. D. End tidal CO2 confirmation. Correct Answer B. Auscultation of the epigastrium ? 76. A 88 year old male is combative and angry. His wife states that he is normally pleasant and calm. What intervention would narrow your differential diagnosis? A. A response to oxygen therapy B. A blood glucose reading C. If he responds to forceful control D. Cincinnati stroke scale Correct Answer B. A blood glucose reading 77. What does preload refer to? A. The pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of systole. B. The pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of diastole. C. The pressure in the filled atria at the end of the systole. D. The pressure in the filled atria at the end of the diastole. Correct Answer B. The pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of diastole. 78. Which immunoglobulin is mainly responsible during inflammation? A. IgM B. IgE C. IgG D. IgA Correct Answer B. IgE 79. What percent of oxygen is delivered with a pocket mask on room air? A. 23 B. 92 C. 17 D. 10 Correct Answer C. 17 ? 80. A 57 year old male complains of chest pain, shortness of breath and nausea. A 12 lead ECG shows ST elevation in Ieads V2, V3 and V4. What should you administer? A. Dopamine and oxygen. B. Aspirin and oxygen. C. Epinephrine and nitroglycerin. D. Nitroglycerine and oxygen. Correct Answer B. Aspirin and oxygen. 81. Which of the following is an autosomal disorder of the exocrine glands which results in physiological changes in the respiratory, GI, integumentary, and muscoskeletal systems? A. Tuberculosis B. Sickle cell anemia C. Pneumonia D. Cystic fibrosis Correct Answer D. Cystic fibrosis 82. What structure prevents food or liquid from entering the trachea? A. Thyroid cartilage B. Uvula C. Larynx D. Epiglottis Correct Answer D. Epiglottis 83. What is diphenhydramine HCL? A. Beta agonist B. Antihistamine C. Sympathomimetic D. Diuretic Correct Answer B. Antihistamine 84. An 18 year old male was struck in the head by a large rock. When caring for this patient, what should you continually reassess? A. Level of consciousness. B. Locomotor function. C. Pulse motor sensory. D. Quality and degree of pain. Correct Answer A. Level of consciousness. 85. What is the onset of action for succinylcholine? A. 15-30 seconds B. 60-90 seconds C. 3-4 minutes D. 2-3 minutes Correct Answer B. 60-90 seconds 86. You arrive at a house and find the occupants unconscious with the stove on. You should suspect A. carbon monoxide poisoning. B. carbon dioxide poisoning. C. medication overdose. D. cyanide poisoning. Correct Answer A. carbon monoxide poisoning. 87. A 76 year old female is pulseless and apneic. The ECG monitor shows asystole. What should you do? A. Administer epinephrine B. Start chest compressions C. Attempt a precordial thump D. Perform immediate defibrillation Correct Answer B. Start chest compressions 88. Which of the following structures serves as a passageway for both the respiratory and digestive system? A. Trachea B. Pharynx C. Esophagus D. Cricoid cartilage Correct Answer B. Pharynx 89. What is a highly infectious disease that causes bronchiolitis? A. RSV B. Pneumonia C. Common cold D. Asthma Correct Answer A. RSV 100. A 36 year old male with a history of asthma is in respiratory arrest. His carotid pulse corresponds to the ECG below. After establishing an airway and beginning ventilations, what should you do? A. Administer adenosine. B. Administer an in-line albuterol nebulizer. C. Perform synchronized cardioversion. D. Administer epinephrine. Correct Answer B. Administer an in-line albuterol nebulizer. 101. What is the area where the base of the tongue and the epiglottis meet called? A. Alveoli B. Vallecula C. Carina D. Bronchi Correct Answer B. Vallecula 102. A 54 year old female is trapped in a car and complains of chest pain. You are unable to open the door, and the fire department is unable to get their extrication tools to work. What should you do? A. Break the window farthest from her to gain access. B. Use the extrication tools without power. C. Use a hand saw to cut the narrowest part of the frame to gain access. D. Wait 30 minutes for the replacement tools to arrive. Correct Answer A. Break the window farthest from her to gain access. 103. What occurs during compression of the inferior vena cava? A. Supine hypotensive syndrome B. Eclampsia C. Preeclampsia D. Pregnancy induced hypertension Correct Answer A. Supine hypotensive syndrome 104. What will stimulation of a B1 receptor in the heart do? A. Slow the heart with an increase contraction strength B. Speed up the heart rate and increase contraction strength C. Speed up the heart rate and decrease contraction strength D. Slow the heart with an decrease contraction strength Correct Answer B. Speed up the heart rate and increase contraction strength 105. What is abnormality of breathing rate, pattern, or effort called? A. Dysphonia B. Hypoxia C. Dyspnea D. Anoxia Correct Answer C. Dyspnea 106. What are you required to report directly to law enforcement? A. Presence of illegal drugs B. Trauma caused by alcohol use C. Suspected child abuse D. Suspected sexual assault Correct Answer D. Suspected sexual assault 107. What is the function of the ductus arteriosus? A. Provide a way for fetal wastes to leave material circulation. B. Allow blood to bypass the fetus's lungs before birth. C. Allow the neonate to take a breath following delivery. D. Decrease ambient pressure in the lungs before birth. Correct Answer B. Allow blood to bypass the fetus's lungs before birth. 108. You are dispatched to a residence for a 67 year old female complaining of chest pain. The patient is pale, diaphoretic and describes are pain as crushing. Vital signs are BP 120/80, Pulse 100, Respirations are 22 and oxygen saturation is 90 percent. Select the correct medications in order: A. Oxygen, Morphine, Digoxin B. Metoprolol, Nitroglycerine, Aspirin C. Nitroglycerine, Aspirin D. Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerine Correct Answer D. Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerine 109. What inherited metabolic disease of the lungs and digestive system manifests during childhood? A. Multiple sclerosis B. Cerebral palsy C. Cystic fibrosis D. Sickle cell disease Correct Answer C. Cystic fibrosis 110. Which stage of shock occurs when cardiac output and systolic blood pressures are maintained by increasing catecholamine production? A. Compensated shock B. Uncompensated shock C. Irreversible shock D. Diffuse shock Correct Answer A. Compensated shock 111. How many people does it take to provide Optimal BVM ventilation? A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 Correct Answer C. 3 (Likely wrong, D. 2 is better IMO) 112. During the resuscitation of a 45 year old female you note a change in rhythm and the ECG now shows sinus bradycardia. What should you do? A. Assess for a pulse B. Administer atropine C. Obtain a blood pressure D. Begin transcutaneous pacing Correct Answer A. Assess for a pulse 113. A 23 year old alert and pregnant female complains of severe abdominal pain after an motor vehicle crash. You note her stomach is rigid and distended. There is no vaginal bleeding or discharge. Vital signs are BP 94/58, P 128, R 30 and shallow, SpO2 90%. What should you suspect? A. Uterine rupture B. Placenta previa C. Placenta abruptio D. Pre-term labor Correct Answer A. Uterine rupture 114. A motor vehicle collided with an electrical pole resulting in downed power lines. A large crowd has gathered around the accident. Whom should you call for support? A. Volunteer Fire Department and Rescue Squad B. Local Power Company and State Police C. Volunteer Fire Department and State Police D. Local Power Company and Volunteer Fire Department Correct Answer B. Local Power Company and State Police 115. What effect does reducing preload have in a patient with pulmonary edema? A. Decreased respiratory demand B. Decreased cardiac efficiency C. Increased afterload 125. During the action potential of a cardiac cell, what causes the initial conformational change in the sodium-potassium pump? A. Slow channel ion gates B. Adenosine triphosphate C. Calcium D. Sodium and potassium Correct Answer B. Adenosine triphosphate 126. A tachypneic 17 year old male has an open gunshot wound to the right anterior chest. What should you do? A. Administer high-flow oxygen. B. Begin bag valve mask ventilation. C. Apply an occlusive dressing. D. Decompress the right chest. Correct Answer C. Apply an occlusive dressing. 127. What neurotransmitter is responsible for stimulation of the postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system? A. Norepinephrine B. Epinephrine C. Acetylcholine D. Cortisone Correct Answer C. Acetylcholine 128. A 6 year old male complains of belly pain. What should you use to determine his pain level? A. 1 to 10 pain rating scale B. Wong/Baker pain scale C. Oucher pain scale D. Analog visual scale Correct Answer C. Oucher pain scale 129. Which of the following substances is most likely to cause premature atrial contractions? A. Caffeine B. Aspirin C. Marijuana D. Phenobarbital Correct Answer A. Caffeine 130. An alert 17 year old male was struck in the abdomen with a large wrench. Vital signs are BP 90/78, P 120 R 22. He is cool, pale and diaphoretic. Palpation of the abdomen reveal bruising, pain, and rigidity to the right upper quadrant. To which organ should you suspect injury? A. Spleen B. Liver C. Right kidney D. Small intestine Correct Answer B. Liver 131. An intoxicated 45 year old homeless man was hit in the chest. He complains of pain with inspiration. Bilateral lung sounds are clear. Vital signs are BP 130/80, P 76, R 12, SpO2 94%. What should you suspect? A. Rib fractures B. Tension Pneumothorax C. Head injury D. Pericardial tamponade Correct Answer A. Rib fractures 132. What does oversecretion by the adrenal cortex cause? A. Cushing's disease B. Diabetes mellitus C. Myxedema D. Graves' disease Correct Answer A. Cushing's disease 133. What is the main site of drug metabolism? A. Liver B. Kidney C. Spleen D. Lungs Correct Answer A. Liver 134. Your 65 year old male patient presents with a fever and sharp, steady pain along the upper neck and shoulder that worsens when he takes a breath. Vital signs are BP 144/92, P 99 and regular, R 18 and regular, SpO2 of 95% on room air. What should you do? A. Administer nitroglycerin B. Obtain intravenous access C. Perform a 12-lead ECG D. Apply oxygen Correct Answer C. Perform a 12-lead ECG 135. A 23 year old pregnant female is pushing when you arrive. You find her bag of water broke and the fluid was green. Fetal heart tones are 80. What should you do? A. Encourage her to continue pushing. B. Start at least one large bore IV. C. Place her on her side and apply oxygen. D. Place her in knee-chest position and apply oxygen. Correct Answer C. Place her on her side and apply oxygen. 136. A 16 year old boy tells you that he "caught" his 40 year old mother "holding a handful of sleeping pills." The son explains that she is depressed, and he is convinced that she meant to kill herself. She is extremely agitated and is refusing treatment. What should you do? A. Request law enforcement assistance to transport the patient. B. Contact social services to recommend they follow up on this family. C. Carefully document the woman's refusal and have her sign the form. D. Encourage the patient to see a mental health professional that day. Correct Answer A. Request law enforcement assistance to transport the patient. 137. A 56 year old female has an arm injury with arterial bleeding. The dressing becomes soaked with blood. What should you do? A. Wrap an elastic bandage around the blood soaked dressing. B. Apply additional dressing material with direct pressure. C. Remove and replace the dressing with a thicker dressing. D. Cover the existing dressing with an occlusive dressing. Correct Answer B. Apply additional dressing material with direct pressure. 138. A 32 year old female attempted to commit suicide by taking sleeping pills and cutting her wrists. She has dark red blood oozing from the wrist lacerations. Vital signs are BP 90/52, P 130 and weak, R 18. What type of bleeding should you suspect? A. Arterial B. Superficial C. Venous D. Capillary Correct Answer C. Venous 139. A 51 year old male with a history of COPD is having difficulty breathing. Vital signs are BP 136/74, R 22, P 100, SpO2 95%. What should you do? A. Apply high-flow oxygen by bag-valve mask. B. Withhold oxygen to avoid decreasing the hypoxic drive. C. Apply low-flow oxygen by nasal cannula. D. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask. Correct Answer D. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask. D. Calcium channel blocker Correct Answer D. Calcium channel blocker 152. What is limiting the number of people or resources you are supervising known as? A. Unified command B. Command and control C. Span of control D. Unity of command Correct Answer C. Span of control 153. An alert 45 year old female is pale and cyanotic. Her vitals are BP 180/104, P 102 and irregular, R 28 with bilateral crackles. What is the most likely cause of her shortness of breath? A. Anaphylaxis B. Asthma C. Pulmonary edema D. Simple pneumothorax Correct Answer C. Pulmonary edema 154. Which of the following medications is an adrenergic agonist that can stimulate either alpha or beta receptors depending on the dose? A. Epinephrine B. Dopamine C. Dobutamine D. Atenolol Correct Answer B. Dopamine 155. A 32 year old, 36 week pregnant, female complains of lower back pain. When she is supine, she complains of feeling short of breath and faint. As you continue to assess her, she becomes pale and anxious. Vital signs are BP is 92/76, P 102, R 22. What should you do? A. Prepare for a rapid delivery B. Reposition her on her left side C. Apply oxygen and start an IV D. Obtain an orthostatic set of vital signs Correct Answer B. Reposition her on her left side 156. What are established interventions that can be performed without calling medical direction? A. Standing orders B. Scope of practice C. Protocols D. Advanced directives Correct Answer A. Standing orders 157. A 20 year old male struck his head on a diving board and is unconscious and apneic. Vital signs are BP 88/70, P 80. He has a large amount of swelling and deformity in the cervical spine area. What should you suspect? A. Increased intracranial pressure B. Cervical spine injury C. Cerebral contusion D. Hypovolemic shock Correct Answer B. Cervical spine injury 158. A 55 year old male was pulled from a burning building. He has difficulty breathing and is coughing. High flow oxygen does not provide relief. You are hearing bilateral wheezing the upper lobes of his lungs. What should you do? A. Obtain a set of vital signs. B. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. C. Administer nebulized albuterol. D. Administer 0.3 mg epinephrine 1:1000 SQ. Correct Answer C. Administer nebulized albuterol. 159. A man is threatening to beat his wife to death. The police have checked for weapons and called you to evaluate him. While interviewing the patient, what should you do? A. Keep him between yourself and the exit. B. Quickly expedite transport. C. Enter his personal space. D. Keep large furniture between him and you. Correct Answer D. Keep large furniture between him and you. 160. What is a contraindication of a traction splint? A. Potential spinal injury B. Pelvic fracture C. Signs of hypoperfusion D. Swelling or deformity to the thigh Correct Answer B. Pelvic fracture 161. A patient with AIDS vomited blood during transport. How should you disinfect your ambulance? A. Soak the mattress pad for 20 minutes in disinfectant, then let the mattress stand for 6 hours before use. B. Using universal precautions, spray a bleach-based cleaning solution and carefully wipe down the stretcher. C. Replace the mattress and throw out the sheets. D. Place the ambulance out of service until a full OSHA cleaning can be completed. Correct Answer B. Using universal precautions, spray a bleach- based cleaning solution and carefully wipe down the stretcher. 162. You are dispatched for a 78 year old person fallen. They have no complaints and are alert and oriented. They state they are unsure if they lost consciousness at any point. The patient takes metoprolol and atorvastatin. Vital signs: BP 130/84, P 88, R 16, SpO2 = 95%. The patient wants to refuse care. You should first: A. acquire a 12 lead ECG B. counsel the patient to accept transport C. repeat the vital signs D. complete a fingerstick glucose Correct Answer A. acquire a 12 lead ECG 163. What is the most effective way to terminate ventricular fibrillation? A. Defibrillation B. Cardioversion C. Chest compressions D. Amiodarone Correct Answer A. Defibrillation 164. A 36 year old male and his 34 year old wife complain of severe headaches, confusion, and dizziness. He also complains of chest pain. Both are short of breath. What type of poisoning should you suspect? A. Organophosphate B. Carbon dioxide C. Carbon monoxide D. Ammonia Correct Answer C. Carbon monoxide 165. When the vascular container enlarges without proportional increase in the fluid volume, what type of shock should you suspect? A. Hypovolemic B. Decompensated C. Cardiogenic D. Distributive Correct Answer D. Distributive 177. A crew member has thick facial hair. Which of the following is the most appropriate protection against airborne pathogens? A. Surgical particulate mask B. An NH 15 escape hood C. A slightly larger HEPA (N95) mask D. Powered air purifying respirator Correct Answer D. Powered air purifying respirator 178. A 24 year old female responds to a sternal rub by opening her eyes and moaning incomprehensibly. She tries to push your hands away from her sternum. What is her Glasgow Coma Scale score? A. 9 B. 3 C. 6 D. 12 Correct Answer A. 9 179. What is the most prevalent cation in the cell? A. Potassium B. Sodium C. Calcium D. Chloride Correct Answer A. Potassium 180. A 23-year old male motorcyclist was struck by a car that ran a stop sign. He is pale and diaphoretic, and no external bleeding is noted. Vital signs are P 136 and R 28. Which of the following is most likely? A. Femur fracture B. Neurogenic shock C. Pneumothorax D. Closed head injury Correct Answer A. Femur fracture 181. What genetic disease is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and skeletal muscle degeneration? A. Muscular dystrophy B. Multiple sclerosis C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D. Myasthenia gravis Correct Answer A. Muscular dystrophy 182. A 46 year old male is pale, diaphoretic, and complains of light- headedness after palpitations. An ECG shows paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. When assessing his perfusion status, what would you suspect? A. Delayed capillary refill B. Dry, warm skin C. Normal vital signs D. Rapid, bounding pulse Correct Answer A. Delayed capillary refill 183. On arrival of a motor vehicle crash, what degree of scene assessment needs to be completed? A. 90 degrees from the front of the car B. 180 degrees of the patient C. 360 degrees of the scene D. 220 degrees from side of approach Correct Answer C. 360 degrees of the scene 184. What is the pathophysiological reason behind severe joint and abdominal pain in a patient with Drepanocytosis? A. Inflammatory reaction from arthritis B. Vascular occlusion from abnormal shaped cells C. Severe infection involving his appendix D. Microvascular occlusion from nitrogen bubbles Correct Answer B. Vascular occlusion from abnormal shaped cells 185. What is the role of angiotensin II in the body? A. Inhibits the creation of aldosterone increasing blood pressure. B. Stimulates the creation of aldosterone increasing blood pressure. C. Stimulates the creation of aldosterone decreasing blood pressure. D. Inhibits the creation of aldosterone decreasing blood pressure. Correct Answer B. Stimulates the creation of aldosterone increasing blood pressure. 186. A 38 year female is in labor in her car. This is her fourth child, contractions last 30 seconds and occur every 1-2 minutes. What should you do? A. Tell her to bear down hard and to push. B. Call for air medical transport. C. Move her to the ambulance and prepare for delivery. D. Transport the patient to the hospital for treatment. Correct Answer C. Move her to the ambulance and prepare for delivery. 187. A 62 year old man is unresponsive 5 minutes into his dialysis treatment. He has snoring respirations. Pulses are weak and you are unable to obtain a blood pressure. ECG reveals a wide-complex idioventricular rhythm at a rate of 50. What should you do? A. Administer calcium chloride B. Check his blood glucose C. Start CPR D. Cardiovert at 360J Correct Answer A. Administer calcium chloride 188. An alert 18 year old female is trapped in her car after a single car crash. She complains of hip and left leg pain. When she is finally extricated from the car, her vital signs decrease. What stages of shock is she transitioning from? A. Decompensated to hypovolemic B. Compensated to decompensated C. Decompensated to compensated D. Neurogenic to hypovolemic Correct Answer B. Compensated to decompensated 189. What is the name of the tracheal ring that sits directly inferior to the larynx? A. Cuneiform cartilage B. Cricoid cartilage C. Thyroid cartilage D. Corniculate cartilage Correct Answer B. Cricoid cartilage 190. What condition is caused by twisting of the spermatic cord, resulting in a sudden onset of severe scrotal pain? A. Epididymitis B. Urinary calculi C. Priapism D. Testicular torsion Correct Answer D. Testicular torsion 191. At a mass gathering several hundred people suddenly began to experience severe salivation, lacrimation, urination, and vomiting. What should you do? A. Set up a command post and ensure scene safety. B. Alert the Center for Disease Control. C. Contact the Department of Homeland Security. 202. What complicates coronary perfusion during in CPR? A. Hyperinflation of the lungs B. Esophageal intubation C. Gastric distention D. Poor airway management Correct Answer C. Gastric distention 203. When completing the narrative portion of your prehospital care report, the "O" in SOAP stands for: A. Objection B. Observation C. Objective D. Operation Correct Answer C. Objective 204. How do you determine that you are doing adequate CPR on a child? A. Check for a change in rhythm on the cardiac monitor. B. Compress the chest at a rate greater than 200. C. Check for a carotid pulse during compressions. D. Compress the chest at least three inch minimum depth. Correct Answer C. Check for a carotid pulse during compressions. 205. A 72 year old female has altered mental status, irritability, and delirium. Her husband states she has lost 10 lbs in the last 2 weeks. Vital signs are BP 170/100, P 160, temp 102F, skin warm and dry. What should you suspect? A. Hypothyroidism B. Thyrotoxicosis C. Dementia D. Cushing's Syndrome Correct Answer B. Thyrotoxicosis 206. A 44 year old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain with cramping. She states that she has vomited brownish-greenish yellow fluid several times. Her abdomen is distended and she has been constipated for the last few days. What should you suspect? A. Cholecystitis B. Diverticular disease C. Pancreatitis D. Bowel obstruction Correct Answer D. Bowel obstruction 207. What common site of arteriovenous malformation and aneurysm results in hemorrhagic stroke? A. Middle meningeal artery B. Basilar artery C. Posterior cerebral artery D. Anterior cerebral artery Correct Answer B. Basilar artery 208. What can rough handling of a patient with severe hypothermia cause? A. Ventricular fibrillation B. Ventricular tachycardia C. Decreased respirations D. Increased shivering Correct Answer A. Ventricular fibrillation 209. Prior to a seizure, a patient reported seeing strange flashes of light and hearing high pitched sounds. What is this phase of the seizure known as? A. Hypertonic B. Clonic C. Aura D. Tonic Correct Answer C. Aura 210. An 18 year old male presents with symptoms of hypoglycemia. What criteria must be met for him to receive oral glucose? A. He must be conscious, with a patent airway. B. He must have a history of type 1 diabetes. C. He must have a prescription for oral glucose. D. His blood glucose analysis must be between 70 and 95 mg/dL. Correct Answer A. He must be conscious, with a patent airway. 211. A 41 year old female is bleeding profusely from an extremity wound. Vital signs are BP 78/40, P 130 and weak, R 22. After stopping the bleeding, what should you do? A. Reassess her vital signs. B. Begin rapid IV fluid replacement. C. Place her in the shock position. D. Apply a tourniquet above the wound. Correct Answer B. Begin rapid IV fluid replacement. 212. A 73 year old female complains of shortness of breath. While treating her, she stops breathing. What should you do? A. Ventilate with a BVM. B. Check her pulse. C. Start CPR. D. Perform orotracheal intubation. Correct Answer B. Check her pulse. 213. What process is involved in the formation of a blood clot? A. Tissue plasminogen activator creates fibrin B. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin C. Hemoglobin is converted to platelets D. Prothrombin stimulates the release of troponin Correct Answer B. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin 214. What is the inherent rate for the AV node? A. 150-250/min B. 20-40/min C. 60-100/min D. 40-60/min Correct Answer D. 40-60/min 215. Which of the following medications can produce anticholinergic effects. A. Epinephrine. B. Atropine sulfate. C. Etomidate. D. Nitroglycerin. Correct Answer B. Atropine sulfate. 216. How quickly should you expect a clot to form from a venous laceration? A. 1 minute B. 7-10 minutes C. 11-14 minutes D. 4-6 minutes Correct Answer D. 4-6 minutes 217. While assessing a 32 year old pregnant female, you discover fetal heart tones at 98 bpm. What should you do? A. Obtain a secondary set of vital signs B. Start a dopamine drip C. Turn to her left side and apply oxygen D. Administer atropine Correct Answer C. Turn to her left side and apply oxygen 218. A 42 year old female complains of tinnitus, nausea and vomiting. Her husband meets you at the door and states that he returned home this A. Cerebral vascular accident B. Hangover C. Migraine headache D. Meningitis Correct Answer B. Hangover 228. A febrile 78 year old male in respiratory distress has a productive cough with yellow sputum. Lung sounds are absent in the lower third of his lung fields. What is a DEFINITIVE treatment for this patient? A. Albuterol B. Furosemide C. Ipratropium bromide D. Antibiotics Correct Answer D. Antibiotics 229. You arrive on the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving a car and a bus. You should A. Determine number of patients, determine if any additional resources are needed and proceed into the scene B. Assess the scene for any hazards, determine the number of patients while determine if any additional resources are needed C. Assess the scene for any hazards, determine the number of patients than start to hand out triage tags D. Assess the scene for hazards, call for a mass casualty unit and wait for a second ambulance prior to entering the scene Correct Answer B. Assess the scene for any hazards, determine the number of patients while determine if any additional resources are needed 230. What chemical mediator released from mast cells is responsible for producing an acute allergic response? A. Acetylcholine B. Histamine C. Dopamine D. Epinephrine Correct Answer B. Histamine 231. Which glands release their chemical products through ducts for a local effect? A. Endocrine B. Adrenal C. Exocrine D. Hormone Correct Answer C. Exocrine 232. What is the dose for lorazepam for seizures? A. 2 g IV B. 200 mcg IV C. 2 gr IV D. 2 - 4 mg IV Correct Answer D. 2 - 4 mg IV 233. A 4 year old female is warm and withdrawn when you arrive. The mother states that she had a 5 minute seizure prior to your arrival. She has had previous seizures, but that this one was longer and more violent. What should you do? A. Administer 4.5 mg diazepam. B. Suggest that she see her primary care physician. C. Apply oxygen and obtain a 12 lead ECG. D. Apply oxygen and give a fluid bolus. Correct Answer D. Apply oxygen and give a fluid bolus. 234. A 62 year old female has difficulty breathing. She is pale, diaphoretic, and has cyanosis of the lips. Lung sounds reveal coarse crackles. Vital signs are, BP 200/104, P 142, R 40. What is your goal in providing treatment? A. Decrease preload to reduce oxygen demand. B. Decrease afterload to increase cardiac output. C. Increase afterload to increase end systolic volume. D. Increase preload to increase end diastolic volume. Correct Answer A. Decrease preload to reduce oxygen demand. 235. What condition can present with paranoia, delusions, and auditory hallucinations? A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder B. Organic brain syndrome C. Schizophrenia D. Bi-polar disorder Correct Answer C. Schizophrenia 236. Which structure separates the upper airway from the lower airway? A. Hyoid bone B. Trachea C. Carina D. Vocal cords Correct Answer D. Vocal cords 237. What is the antidote for Verapamil overdose? A. Benadryl B. Calcium C. Glucagon D. Narcan Correct Answer B. Calcium 238. Which of the following is NOT a communicable disease? A. Cancer B. Hepatitis B C. Tuberculosis D. HIV/AIDS Correct Answer A. Cancer 239. A 20 year old female has burns on her chest, abdomen, and on the anterior side of her right arm. What percentage of body is burned? A. 18% B. 22.5% C. 40.5% D. 27% Correct Answer B. 22.5% 240. You find a patient in the tripod position. What should you suspect? A. A cardiac emergency B. Gastrointestinal distress C. Respiratory distress D. A transischemic attack Correct Answer C. Respiratory distress 241. After the birth of male child, you note he is blue all over, is not breathing, and has no pulse. What is his APGAR? A. 5 B. 8 C. 0 D. 2 Correct Answer C. 0 242. A 20 year old male struck his head while jumping into a swimming pool. He is unconscious and apneic. Vital signs are BP 88/70, P 80. There is a large amount of swelling and deformity in the cervical spine area. What should you do? A. Use the head tilt/chin lift to open his airway B. Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask C. Secure him to a long spineboard D. Apply and inflate MAST Correct Answer C. Secure him to a long spineboard 253. An alert 18 year old female is trapped in her car. Her waist and legs are pinned against the dashboard and she complains of hip and left leg pain. After a prolonged extrication from the car, her vital signs begin to deteriorate. What should you suspect? A. Neurogenic shock B. Crush syndrome C. Air embolism D. Internal injuries Correct Answer B. Crush syndrome 254. Which of the following enzymes is most specific for cardiac injury? A. Myoglobin B. Troponin C. Creatine kinase D. Lactic dehydrogenase Correct Answer B. Troponin 255. You are treating a 56 year old female with severe hypoglycemia who is unconscious. How should you elevate her blood sugar? A. Give glucose orally or IM if there is no gag reflex B. Try glucagon IM, if it fails give dextrose IO C. Give dextrose IV, if IV fails give glucagon IM D. Give glucagon IM or administer glucose buccally Correct Answer C. Give dextrose IV, if IV fails give glucagon IM 256. A 22 year old male fell off a ladder. His respiratory rate is 10 and lung sounds are diminished bilaterally. What should you do? A. Perform nasotracheal intubation. B. Check for a carotid pulse. C. Assist his ventilations. D. Place a cervical collar. Correct Answer C. Assist his ventilations. 257. A 37 year old female complains of a possible overdose. She is hyperventilating and tachycardic. Which drug is most likely to result in her symptoms? A. Opiates B. Methamphetamine C. Alcohol D. Beta-blockers Correct Answer B. Methamphetamine 258. You are the first ambulance to arrive on the scene of a school bus rollover. The fire department has stabilized the bus. What should you do? A. Have your partner begin triaging patients. B. Wait for your manager to arrive on scene. C. Load and transport the first patient you find. D. Begin filling out patient care reports. Correct Answer A. Have your partner begin triaging patients. 259. What is a temporary occlusion caused by a coronary artery spasm known as? A. Prinzmetal's angina B. Acute angina pectoris C. Unstable angina D. Pre-infarct angina Correct Answer A. Prinzmetal's angina 260. A 26 year old female is supine and only responding to voice with unintelligible gurgling noises. Her husband tells you she is an epileptic. She had a seizure during which he was able to gently assist her to the ground. What should you do? A. Load the patient on a stretcher and apply soft restraints. B. Roll the patient onto her side and suction the airway. C. Perform a thorough trauma assessment and patient history. D. Apply a c-collar and place her on a long backboard. Correct Answer B. Roll the patient onto her side and suction the airway. 261. What causes carpopedal spasms in patients who are hyperventilating? A. Hypercalcemia B. Hypocalcemia C. Hypocapnea D. Clonic focal motor seizures Correct Answer B. Hypocalcemia 262. A 64 year old female complains of weakness and nausea. A 12 Lead ECG shows normal sinus rhythm with ST elevation in V1 and V2. Vital signs are BP 132/64, R 18, P 98. What should you do? A. Administer nitroglycerin B. Administer aspirin C. Administer ondansetron D. Administer morphine Correct Answer B. Administer aspirin 263. What medication is an appropriate treatment for anaphylaxis? A. Nitroglycerin B. Epinephrine C. Naloxone D. Albuterol Correct Answer B. Epinephrine 264. The spread of an electrical impulse through the ventricles that normally measures 0.08-0.12 seconds in length is represented on an ECG as the A. QRS complex. B. T wave. C. P wave. D. Atrial complex. Correct Answer A. QRS complex. 265. What should you do when you suspect child abuse? A. Question the parent about the events leading to the injury. B. Remove the child from the abuser's care. C. Confirm your suspicions of abuse. D. Report your suspicions to the appropriate authorities. Correct Answer D. Report your suspicions to the appropriate authorities. 266. What type of pain allows an examiner to pinpoint the area of irritation? A. Somatic B. Visceral C. Referred D. Parietal Correct Answer A. Somatic 267. What class of medication causes the uterus to contract? A. Antipyretics B. Oxytocics C. Antihistamines D. Steriods Correct Answer B. Oxytocics 268. What is the innermost layer of the heart? A. Hypercardium B. Endocardium C. Myocardium D. Epicardium Correct Answer B. Endocardium 269. A 25 year old female is found lying in the shrubs on a college campus. Her clothing is torn and she is covered in dirt. She does not remember how The 3 lead ECG shows sinus tachycardia with ST elevation and frequent unifocal premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Vital signs are BP 108/80, P 124 and irregular, R 22. What medication should you administer? A. Adenosine, 6 mg over five minutes B. Amiodarone, 150 mg over 10 minutes C. Lidocaine, 1.0 mg/kg over 10 minutes D. Magnesium, 1.5 mg over 5 minutes Correct Answer B. Amiodarone, 150 mg over 10 minutes 281. A 30 year old female is delivering a newborn. Which areas of the newborn's head should you avoid touching? A. Eyes and jaw B. Mouth and fontanelles C. Mouth and nose D. Eyes and fontanelles Correct Answer D. Eyes and fontanelles 282. What does asymmetrical chest wall movement that weakens respiratory efficiency indicate? A. Flail chest B. Pneumothorax C. Tracheal obstruction D. Air embolism Correct Answer A. Flail chest 283. Which of the following should be documented on any patient refusal report? A. The style and type of vehicle the patient drives B. The last time the patient saw a primary care physician C. The patient's job occupation D. The willingness for EMS to return if needed Correct Answer D. The willingness for EMS to return if needed 284. What is a contraindication of an oropharyngeal airway? A. Broken teeth B. A basal skull fracture C. A gag reflex D. A GCS greater than 5 Correct Answer C. A gag reflex 285. What occurs naturally in white blood cells and produces allergic and inflammatory reactions? A. Histamine blockers B. Leukotrienes C. Eosinophils D. Thromboxanes Correct Answer B. Leukotrienes 286. The negative electrode is placed on the right arm, the positive electrode is placed on the left leg, the ground lead is on the left arm. This represents the correct lead placement for what Lead? A. MCL Lead. B. Lead I. C. Lead II. D. Lead III. Correct Answer C. Lead II. 287. An unresponsive 20 yo male struck his head. Vital signs are BP 180/20, P 40, R 8. What should you do? A. Perform endotracheal intubation B. Ventilate using a BVM at 12/min C. Apply oxygen 10lpm via mask D. Administer 0.5 mg Atropine Correct Answer D. Administer 0.5 mg Atropine 288. Expiratory stridor indicates obstruction or narrowing of what part of the airway? A. Lower trachea B. Supraglottic C. Larynx D. Upper trachea Correct Answer B. Supraglottic 289. What is the phase after a generalized seizure called? A. Postictal B. Aura C. Psychosis D. Translucent Correct Answer A. Postictal 290. What can you administer to manage the airway of a patient whose jaw is clenched? A. Neuromuscular blocking agent B. Parasympatholytic agent C. Potent sedative agent D. Vagal reducing agent Correct Answer A. Neuromuscular blocking agent 291. What is the first sign of decompensated shock? A. A decrease in blood pressure B. A decrease in body temperature C. A decrease in mental status D. A decrease in respiratory rate Correct Answer C. A decrease in mental status 292. You are completing your patient care report and cannot remember the correct spelling of a medical term. What should you do? A. Attempt the correct spelling. B. Use plain English instead. C. Cross out the sentence. D. Make up an abbreviation. Correct Answer B. Use plain English instead. 293. A 28 year old female is 30 weeks pregnant with twins. Her water has broken and she feels like she has to move her bowels. The nearest hospital is 40 miles away. A medical helicopter is responding but is 45 minutes from your location. What should you do? A. Load and go and deliver the babies en route B. Call for an additional ambulance C. Prepare for imminent delivery D. Administer brethine and wait for the helicopter Correct Answer C. Prepare for imminent delivery 294. A patient has been struck by lightning. You should be most concerned that the electrical current caused him to do which of the following? A. Become apneic B. Suffer circumferential burns C. Develop respiratory alkalosis D. Suffer brain damage Correct Answer A. Become apneic 295. Where should you perform a surgical airway? A. At the larynx superior to the hyoid bone. B. Superior to the thyroid cartilage. C. Caudally and at an angle to the cricoid cartilage. D. Midline through the cricothyroid membrane. Correct Answer D. Midline through the cricothyroid membrane. 296. What abdominal complaint is MOST concerning? A. Pain that is relieved by rocking or movement. B. confirms accurate reception and understanding. C. eliminates the use of words that are difficult to understand during the transmission.. D. conforms to HIPPA by protecting the patient's privacy. Correct Answer B. confirms accurate reception and understanding. 307. "https://testing.fisdap.net/testing_images/MH2009/aeh82892_3512_11412.j pg"><br> In this image, what does the circles dark tissue of the heart illustrate? A. cardiac contusion B. pericardial effusion C. pulmonary contusion D. cardiac laceration Correct Answer A. cardiac contusion 308. A 55 year old male patient complains of shortness of breath and chest tightness. His skin is pale and cool, and his respirations are 30 and shallow. You should deliver oxygen via: A. Nonrebreather mask. B. Bag-valve mask. C. Nasal cannula. D. CPAP device. Correct Answer B. Bag-valve mask. 309. A joint dislocation occurs when the normal articulating ends of two or more bones are displaced. A complete dislocation is called a ____. A. Luxation B. sprain C. subluxation D. strain Correct Answer C. subluxation 310. A contraindication for the use of morphine sulfate is: A. pulmonary edema B. kidney stones C. hypovolemia D. chest pain Correct Answer C. hypovolemia 311. How should you treat an impaled object in the abdomen? A. Remove the object, and apply a porous dressing moistened with sterile saline to the wound. B. Secure the object, control bleeding, and use bulky dressings to stabilize the object. C. Remove the object, apply an occlusive dressing to the wound. D. Manual secure the object and inflate the pneumatic anti-shock garment to stabilize the object. Correct Answer B. Secure the object, control bleeding, and use bulky dressings to stabilize the object. 312. A 34 year old female complains of an open sore on her leg that will not go away. She says that she cut her leg while shaving in the shower at her local gym 2 weeks ago. Her doctor prescribed antibiotics, but nothing has changed. What should you suspect? A. Boils B. MRSA C. Varicose vein D. Necrotizing fasciitis Correct Answer B. MRSA 313. After intubation you hear gurgling over the stomach and no breath sounds over the chest. What should you suspect? A. Esophageal intubation B. Right mainstem placement C. A malfunction of the ET tube D. Proper placement Correct Answer A. Esophageal intubation 314. When examining the abdomen of a female who is five months pregnant, where would you expect to palpate the superior portion of the uterus? A. Above the symphysis pubis B. Hypochondriac region C. Epigastric region. D. At the umbilicus Correct Answer D. At the umbilicus 315. A 26 year old female is trapped after a motor vehicle collision. The driver's side window is broken, the airbags did not deploy, and the car came to rest on a steep grassy slope. When approaching her, what should you do? A. Pop the hood to disconnect the battery. B. Cut out the windshield to gain access. C. Have her sit perfectly still. D. Place cribbing under the tires. Correct Answer D. Place cribbing under the tires. 316. What is the leading cause of infant and child death? A. Allergic reactions B. Congenital defects C. Vascular stenosis D. Respiratory arrest Correct Answer D. Respiratory arrest 317. What is the initial effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart? A. Decrease the heart rate and decrease stroke volume. B. Increase the heart rate and increase stroke volume. C. Increase the heart rate and decrease stroke volume. D. Decrease the heart rate and increase stroke volume. Correct Answer A. Decrease the heart rate and decrease stroke volume. 318. Firefighters pulled a 44 year old male from a burning house. His lips and nasal hairs are burnt. Vital signs are BP 160/90, P 98, R 32, SaO2 94%. What should you do? A. Insert a combitube B. Insert an oropharyngeal airway C. Endotracheally intubate D. Ventilate using a bag-valve-mask Correct Answer C. Endotracheally intubate 319. A patient with a history of sickle cell disease states he is in another crisis. You should A. administer a benzodiazepine hypnotic. B. assist the patient in taking his own pain medication. C. start a large bore IV and administer 20 mL/kg. D. administer high-flow oxygen and transport. Correct Answer D. administer high-flow oxygen and transport. 320. A 13 year old unconscious male and a 15 year old conscious female were in a motor vehicle collision. What should you do? A. Assess and treat only after a police officer gives you permission. B. Wait to treat both of the patients until you obtain parental consent. C. Wait to assess the 13 year old until a parent arrives. D. Treat the 13 year old under implied consent. Correct Answer D. Treat the 13 year old under implied consent. 321. After fertilization of an egg, where will embryo develop and mature? D. So the ventricles can contract completely. Correct Answer C. So the atria can empty into the ventricles. 333. What is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain called? A. Meningitis B. Encephalitis C. Aneurysm D. Hydrocephalis Correct Answer A. Meningitis 334. A 66 year old female has shortness of breath and diffuse back pain. Auscultation of lungs reveal crackles in the bases. Vital signs are BP 170/110 and P 112. What should you do administer? A. Furosemide B. Nitroglycerin C. Albuterol D. Adenosine Correct Answer B. Nitroglycerin 335. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for basic reflexes like chewing and swallowing? A. Amygdala B. Cranial nerves C. Midbrain D. Medulla oblongata Correct Answer B. Cranial nerves 336. A 28 year old female complains of dyspnea while eating dinner at a restaurant. She has audible wheezing and facial swelling with urticaria. Vital signs are BP 100/72, P 130, R 24, SpO2 94%. What should you do? A. Administer diphenhydramine. B. Establish two large bore IVs. C. Position her supine. D. Administer high-flow oxygen. Correct Answer D. Administer high-flow oxygen. 337. Why do you avoid flexion of the wrist once the laryngoscope is in the mouth? A. Injury to the upper teeth B. Laceration of the vallecula C. Injury to the lower teeth D. Laceration of the tongue Correct Answer A. Injury to the upper teeth 338. You are at a chemical plant where 12 workers are exposed to chemical fumes. They have severe dyspnea and are moaning on the ground. What should you do? A. Administer 2 mg of Atropine every three to five minutes B. Administer oxygen at 15 LPM via NRB mask C. Set up an incident command post D. Begin triage Correct Answer C. Set up an incident command post 339. In the Incident Management System, what is the Liaison Officer is responsible for? A. Supporting incident operations. B. All of the on scene actions. C. Collecting data from the incident and releases it to the press. D. Coordinating all operations involving outside agencies. Correct Answer D. Coordinating all operations involving outside agencies. 340. A 57 year old female was the unrestrained driver in a frontal impact collision. Which of the following injuries would lead you to believe she traveled "up and over" the dashboard, instead of "down and under"? A. A patellar dislocation B. A flail chest C. A ruptured diaphragm D. A cervical spine fracture Correct Answer C. A ruptured diaphragm 341. An elderly male fell 12 feet onto a concrete surface and complains of head, neck, and back pain. He states he is having difficulty breathing. You note fractures of his right upper arm and lower leg. What should you do? A. Endotracheally intubate and immobilize the spine. B. Support the cervical spine while managing the airway. C. Perform a detailed assessment including vital signs. D. Take spinal precautions and apply the PASG. Correct Answer B. Support the cervical spine while managing the airway. 342. What animal carries Lyme disease? A. Wasp B. Bee C. Spider D. Tick Correct Answer D. Tick 343. An alert 75 year old male after slipped on his wet sidewalk. He is sober and denies hitting his head. He states his legs just went out from under him and he fell to his right knee. His right leg is internally rotated and shortened. Vital signs are BP 110/40, P 96, R 18. What should you suspect? A. Hip fracture B. Femur fracture C. Hip dislocation D. Spinal injury Correct Answer C. Hip dislocation 344. A 42 year old male has itchy skin and hives on his lower right leg. He states that he was mowing the lawn when this occurred. Vital signs are BP 146/84, P 92 and regular, and R16 unlabored. What should you do? A. Administer diphenhydramine. B. Apply an ice pack to the rash. C. Administer epinephrine. D. Apply antibiotic ointment. Correct Answer A. Administer diphenhydramine. 345. You arrive on the scene of a three-car motor vehicle collision. Two of the cars have major damage and some debris is scattered in the roadway. What should you do? A. Immediately begin triage of the injured patients. B. Call your supervisor to provide incident command. C. Contact your dispatch and request more ambulances. D. Ensure your vehicle is parked out of oncoming traffic. Correct Answer D. Ensure your vehicle is parked out of oncoming traffic. 346. When should continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) be discontinued? A. Patient develops hypotension B. Patient has crackling lung sounds C. Patient's symptoms are resolved D. Patient is wheezing Correct Answer A. Patient develops hypotension 347. The body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than ________ of blood volume. A. 30% B. 10% C. 20% B. Warm your hands and instruments prior to their use. C. Keep the patient's clothes on. D. Use a calm, professional demeanor. Correct Answer D. Use a calm, professional demeanor. 359. What effect does AIDS have on the body's immune system? A. It mutates into pneumonia. B. It changes the function of erythrocytes. C. It causes HIV to replicate and spread. D. It suppresses the T cell function. Correct Answer D. It suppresses the T cell function. 360. You are treating a hypotensive woman who weighs 212 lbs. You have been ordered to give her a Dopamine drip at 9 mcg/kg/min. Your ambulance service carries 250cc bags. How much dopamine would you mix in the bag to reach a dilution of 1600 mcg/mL? A. 200mg B. 800mg C. 1000mg D. 400mg Correct Answer D. 400mg 361. A 28 year old female is complaining of gradual-onset dyspnea after being released from the hospital. She was hospitalized for 1 day following thoracic trauma and a lung contusion. Lung sounds present with crackles in both bases. Vital signs are BP 130/80, P 110, R 32 shallow, SpO2: 88%. You should A. bilaterally decompress the chest, reassess vital signs, and treat accordingly. B. apply oxygen, establish an IV, administer morphine, and transport. C. apply oxygen, administer nitroglycerin and transport, establish an IV, and administer Lasix enroute. D. apply oxygen via non-rebreather, transport emergently, and establish an IV enroute. Correct Answer D. apply oxygen via non-rebreather, transport emergently, and establish an IV enroute. 362. Room air contains what percentage of oxygen? A. 100 B. 21 C. 36 D. 10 Correct Answer B. 21 363. A 59 year old female has a severe asthma attack. What is the dose and route of ipratropium bromide you should administer? A. 0.125-0.25 mg, nebulized B. 0.5 mg, nebulized C. 0.3-0.5 mg, subcutaneously. D. 0.25 mg, subcutaneously Correct Answer B. 0.5 mg, nebulized 364. Where do afferent fibers transmit impulses from? A. The central nervous system to the sensory nerves. B. Motor nerves to the central nervous system. C. Sensory nerves to the central nervous system. D. The central nervous system to the motor nerves. Correct Answer C. Sensory nerves to the central nervous system. 365. What sign or symptom may result from a digoxin overdose? A. Hypokalemia B. Bradycardia C. Hypoglycemia D. Altered mental status Correct Answer B. Bradycardia 366. You deliver a baby boy without difficulty. He is blue and not crying. What should you do? A. Obtain a set of vital signs and cut the umbilical cord. B. Allow him to begin feeding to promote oxytocin stimulation. C. Start compressions and ventilate with supplemental oxygen. D. Dry and warm him, stimulate with a back rub, and suction. Correct Answer D. Dry and warm him, stimulate with a back rub, and suction. 367. You are called to evaluate a 28 year old male. He is afraid of you and recoils when you approach him. He states he is hearing voices and appears to be hallucinating. What should you suspect? A. Anxiety attack B. Bipolar disorder C. Mood disorder D. Schizophrenia Correct Answer D. Schizophrenia 368. What structure in the brain controls ventilation? A. Medulla B. Cerebellum C. Mesencephalon D. Diencephalon Correct Answer A. Medulla 369. What type of procedure does a patient with chronic renal failure undergo? A. Renal hemolysis B. Peritoneal hemolysis C. Renal calculi D. Renal dialysis Correct Answer D. Renal dialysis 370. What is an effect of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis? A. Negative chronotropic effect B. Inflammatory decrease C. Peripheral vasodilation D. Bronchoconstriction Correct Answer B. Inflammatory decrease 371. A 52 year old patient with a history of liver failure complains of shortness of breath and abdominal swelling. What should you suspect? A. Acute MI B. Aortic aneurysm C. Bladder blockage D. Ascites Correct Answer D. Ascites 372. How many times faster does heat loss occur during water immersion as compared to air exposure? A. 2 B. 50 C. 25 D. 100 Correct Answer C. 25 373. Wolf Parkinson White syndrome originates from accessory pathways in what part of the heart? A. Purkinje fibers B. Bundle Branch C. Bundle of Kent D. Bundle of His Correct Answer C. Bundle of Kent 374. A 45 year old male has been injured in a house fire and has burnt nasal hairs. He also makes high-pitch noises with inspiration. How are these respirations defined? D. Diffusion Correct Answer D. Diffusion 386. Which is an alkaloid blood pH? A. 7.45 B. 7.35 C. 7.30 D. 7.25 Correct Answer A. 7.45 387. Which anacronym is used to predict a difficult endotracheal intubation? A. LEMONS B. MOANS C. RODS D. SHORT Correct Answer A. LEMONS 388. Why do patient refusals require more documentation than the typical EMS call? A. A greater set of differential diagnoses needs to be noted as the patient was left untreated. B. There is greater potential for abandonment charges. C. There are additional witnesses that must be quoted. D. You need to note the interventions you would have performed had they given consent. Correct Answer B. There is greater potential for abandonment charges. 389. HIPAA legislation relates primarily to which medicolegal issue? A. Abandonment B. Consent C. Duty to act D. Confidentiality Correct Answer D. Confidentiality 390. What gland joins the nervous system with the endocrine system A. Pineal B. Hypothalamus C. Thymus D. Pituitary Correct Answer B. Hypothalamus 391. You are at an amusement park when you witness a 19 year old male being stabbed in the arm. After assuring the scene is safe, you approach and see that he is experiencing slow, steady bleeding. You have disposable gloves in your pocket, but no bandages. What should you do? A. Elevate the arm and use a pressure point to control bleeding. B. Send a bystander to locate a tourniquet. C. Locate a first aid kit and control the bleeding with bandages. D. Apply direct pressure to the wound using your gloved hand. Correct Answer D. Apply direct pressure to the wound using your gloved hand. 392. One way to increase preload is fluid administration. This affects A. Hans Mobitz Reflex. B. Poiseuille's Law. C. Frank Starling's Law. D. Hering-Breuer Reflex. Correct Answer C. Frank Starling's Law. 393. A 20 year old male was shot in the leg with an arrow. What should you do? A. Cut off most of the exposed arrow shaft, leaving enough to grip. B. Push the arrow through to the other side and cut off the arrowhead. C. Remove the arrow and apply a topical hemostatic agent to the wound. D. Remove the arrow and pack the wound with gauze. Correct Answer A. Cut off most of the exposed arrow shaft, leaving enough to grip. 394. What is a contraindication of succinylcholine? A. Acute exacerbation of asthma. B. History suggestive of hyperkalemia. C. Decreased level of consciousness. D. Increased respiratory rate. Correct Answer B. History suggestive of hyperkalemia. 395. Why do emphysema patients have a pink skin color? A. Bronchodilators and corticosteroids increase oxygen binding. B. Increased red blood cell production. C. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle. D. Pursed lip breathing increases PEEP and prevents alveolar collapse. Correct Answer B. Increased red blood cell production. 396. Which of the following best describes simple extrication? A. Opening an undamaged door B. Using the jaws of life C. Using a hammer D. Using a center punch Correct Answer A. Opening an undamaged door 397. A 70 year old female has a femur fracture. How much blood loss could she experience? A. 1500 mL B. 250 mL C. 3000 mL D. 500 mL Correct Answer A. 1500 mL 398. In what part of the ECG phase is a shock delivered in synchronized cardioversion? A. P wave B. T wave C. S wave D. R wave Correct Answer D. R wave 399. An unconscious 40 year old male has overdosed on alcohol and cocaine. The patient is a known diabetic. Vital signs: HR 130, BP 120/100, R8. You should A. Ventilate with a bag valve mask B. Check a blood glucose level C. Perform endotracheal intubation D. Establish intravenous access Correct Answer A. Ventilate with a bag valve mask 400. A 67 year old female with a suspected stroke, has difficulty swallowing and is unable to speak. Which cranial nerve is affected? A. Abducens B. Hypoglossal C. Trochlear D. Vestibulocochlear Correct Answer B. Hypoglossal 401. A 30 year old male complains of difficulty breathing with a productive cough and brown sputum. He has had fever and chills for 3 days. Lung sounds reveal crackles in lower lobes. Vital signs are BP 130/60, P 110, R 30. What should you do? A. Transport in position of comfort without further treatment. B. Place in position of comfort and apply oxygen by non-rebreather. C. Nasally intubate the patient and assist with his respirations using a BVM. B. When the patient sees an aura prior to a seizure C. A seizure that occurs during a fever D. A seizure affecting one area of the body Correct Answer A. Two or more continuous seizures 413. A 60 year-old female presents with acute respiratory distress. She is conscious and confused with rapid respirations and clear, equal breath sounds. What should you do? A. Assist her respirations with a BVM. B. Provide oxygen via NRB mask. C. Use a nasal cannula at 2 L/min. D. Insert an oral airway adjunct. Correct Answer B. Provide oxygen via NRB mask. 414. Which complication of pregnancy can occur during the first trimester? A. Placenta previa B. Eclampsia C. Abortion D. Abruptio placenta Correct Answer C. Abortion 415. What blood type is the universal donor? A. A B. B C. O D. AB Correct Answer C. O 416. Which of the following receptors are responsible for monitoring changes in blood pressure? A. Reticular activating receptors B. Chemoreceptors C. Baroreceptors D. Carboxyhemoglobin receptors Correct Answer C. Baroreceptors 417. A 35 year old male has been electrocuted. What other life threat should you be prepared for? A. internal bleeding B. heat stroke C. cardiac arrest D. allergic reaction Correct Answer C. cardiac arrest 418. At the scene of a multiple vehicle accident, what should you do first? A. Treat the first patient you see B. Start triage C. Establish incident command D. Set up a command post Correct Answer C. Establish incident command 419. A 2 year old is conscious after ingesting an unknown quantity of bleach. What should you suspect? A. Bright, red skin on extremities B. Chemical burns around the mouth C. Hot, dry skin and diarrhea D. Dilated pupils and labored breathing Correct Answer B. Chemical burns around the mouth 420. What does insulin increase cell permeability to? A. Glucagon B. Glucose C. Glycosuria D. Glycogen Correct Answer B. Glucose 421. The process of moving the responsibility for incident command from one Incident Commander to another is called "transfer of command." The previous Incident Commander should: A. Continue as Co-Commander B. Leave to eliminate confusion C. Notify headquarters in person D. Be given another assignment Correct Answer D. Be given another assignment 422. What condition presents with a fruity, acetone-like odor on the breath? A. Hypoglycemia B. Hyperglycemia C. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) D. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Correct Answer D. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 423. You are ordered to give a medication based on weight. The transfer papers say the patient weighs 155 lbs. How many kilograms does the patient weigh? A. 71 kg B. 78 kg C. 77 kg D. 70 kg Correct Answer D. 70 kg 424. What are the structures in the lungs where carbon dioxide and oxygen exchanged called? A. Pleura B. Bronchi C. Lung parenchyma D. Alveoli Correct Answer D. Alveoli 425. A 21 year old female was lost in the woods for several hours. The ambient temperature is 25 degrees Fahrenheit. She is lethargic and confused. The skin on her hands is waxy and white. What should you do? A. Place several heat packs on her legs and arms. B. Gently wrap the patient in several dry blankets. C. Apply heat packs on her neck, armpits, and groin. D. Vigorously rub the patient's extremities. Correct Answer B. Gently wrap the patient in several dry blankets. 426. What is the most important landmark for visualizing endotracheal intubation? A. Epiglottis B. Arytenoid cartilage C. Carina D. Cricoid cartilage Correct Answer B. Arytenoid cartilage 427. What risk factor may cause the development of an esophageal varice? A. Cirrhosis B. Gastritis C. Anticoagulation therapy D. Forceful vomiting Correct Answer A. Cirrhosis 428. A 26 year old male asthmatic complains of difficulty breathing. You administer albuterol, what should you suspect? A. Suppression of heart activity and bronchial constriction. B. Stimulation of the heart and bronchial constriction. C. Stimulation of the heart and bronchial dilation. D. Suppression of heart activity and bronchial dilation. Correct Answer C. Stimulation of the heart and bronchial dilation D. Hypercalcemia Correct Answer A. Hyperkalemia 439. Which of the following mechanisms of injury would likely result in coup-contrecoup trauma? A. A low-energy projectile. B. A front-impact motor vehicle collision. C. A fall from over 20 feet. D. Diving into shallow water. Correct Answer B. A front-impact motor vehicle collision. 440. A pregnant female has a grand mal seizure during active labor. What should you administer? A. Oxygen B. Valium C. Sodium bicarbonate D. Magnesium sulfate Correct Answer D. Magnesium sulfate 441. A 32 year old pregnant female complains of profuse vaginal bleeding. She denies any abdominal pain or discomfort. What should you suspect? A. Ruptured ovarian cyst B. Abruptio placenta C. Uterine rupture D. Placenta previa Correct Answer D. Placenta previa 442. When is it necessary to wear gloves, gown, mask, and protective eyewear? A. Assisting with a prehospital childbirth B. Oral suctioning on a tuberculosis patient C. Administering an IM injection to a MRSA patient D. Starting an IV on an AIDS patient Correct Answer A. Assisting with a prehospital childbirth 443. A 22 year old male complains of abdominal and joint pain following a dive. What should you suspect? A. Decompression sickness B. Pulmonary barotrauma C. Pneumomediastinum D. Tension pneumothorax Correct Answer A. Decompression sickness 444. A 34 year old female has a contusion above her left breast and left lateral torso after a motor vehicle collision. Vital signs are BP 102/64, P 96, R 18. During transport, her vital signs become BP 90/76, P 118, R 24. Breath sounds are absent on the left side. What should you do? A. Begin chest compressions B. Administer oxygen therapy C. Initiate IV therapy D. Decompress the chest Correct Answer D. Decompress the chest 445. An 18 year old female is found conscious and alert but trapped in her car after a single motor vehicle crash. The air bag deployed and she denies any head or neck pain, but she complains of hip and left leg pain. When your patient is finally extricated from the car, her vital signs begin to collapse. After starting a large bore IV of normal saline (NS), you should administer A. epinephrine. B. morphine sulfate. C. lidocaine. D. no other medication. Correct Answer D. no other medication. 446. Where are the first electrical impulses stimulating the heart located? A. Myocardium B. Aorta Valve C. Left atrium D. Right atrium Correct Answer D. Right atrium 447. What happens in the body in response to a state of hypoglycemia? A. Glucagon and insulin production in the pancreas decreases B. Insulin causes the pancreas to release glucose stores C. Parasympathetic stimulus releases glycogen from the liver D. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release glycogen stores Correct Answer D. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release glycogen stores 448. A patient complains of night sweats, weight loss, and shortness of breath. Palpation reveals nodules in his axillary region. He denies any sputum production. What should you suspect? A. Pneumonia B. Hepatitis C. Lymphoma D. Tuberculosis Correct Answer C. Lymphoma 449. A 56 year old male complains of diarrhea, nausea, and diffuse pain in his abdomen for the past 48 hours. What should you suspect? A. Cholecystis B. Gastroenteritis C. Diverticulitis D. Peptic ulcer Correct Answer B. Gastroenteritis 450. A 52 year old female was the passenger in a car crash in which the airbag deployed. She complains of violent pain in her left shoulder. What is this known as? A. Grey-Turner's sign B. Cullen's sign C. Kehr's sign D. Shoulder dystocia Correct Answer C. Kehr's sign 451. A 4 year old male is choking on a marble. He is coughing and drooling. What should you do? A. Perform 5 back blows. B. Perform 5 abdominal thrusts. C. Coach him to cough. D. Visualize and remove the marble. Correct Answer C. Coach him to cough. 452. What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration? A. Flattens out B. Remains static C. Moves up D. Inverts Correct Answer A. Flattens out 453. What is the leading cause of maternal death associated with pregnancy? A. Hemorrhage B. Emboli C. Eclampsia D. Stroke Correct Answer A. Hemorrhage 454. You are dispatched to 243 Main St for a 52 year old female patient complaining of generalized sickness. You arrive on scene and find the patient sitting in a recliner. The patient complains she has been nauseous, D. Stroke volume divided by heart rate. Correct Answer A. Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume. 465. What condition is NOT commonly associated with sickle cell anemia? A. Excessive bleeding B. Renal disease C. Musculoskeletal pain D. Abdominal pain Correct Answer A. Excessive bleeding 466. What is a form of off line or indirect medical control signed by the medical director? A. Medical direction B. Advanced directive C. Protocol D. Standing order Correct Answer D. Standing order 467. You find a critically injured female in single vehicle automobile collision on a rural road. What additional resource should you mobilize? A. Local sheriff B. A second ambulance C. A rescue squad D. Air medical transport Correct Answer D. Air medical transport 468. An alert 65 year old male speaks in 2 word dyspnea. He has a 10 year cardiac history. Lung sounds reveal crackles in the bases with expiratory wheezing. Vital signs are BP 140/90, P 110, R 30. What should you do? A. Administer nitroglycerin B. Obtain IV access C. Acquire a 12 lead ECG D. Administer aspirin Correct Answer D. Administer aspirin 469. After several attempts at intubating a patient you are unsuccessful. What should you do? A. Insert an oral airway and ventilate using a bag-valve mask. B. Continue your attempts until you are too exhausted to continue. C. Provide high flow oxygen with a non-rebreather mask. D. Call medical control and request permission to stop the code. Correct Answer A. Insert an oral airway and ventilate using a bag-valve mask. 470. An 8 year old complains of severe lower leg pain. He was released from a local emergency room 8 hours ago following treatment for a closed tibia fracture. The whole lower leg is swollen, pale and has decreased sensation. What should you suspect? A. An acute arterial occlusion B. Compartment syndrome C. Ineffective immobilization D. An associated calf muscle strain Correct Answer B. Compartment syndrome 471. What is the most common cause of abdominal trauma? A. Gun shot wounds B. Multiple stab wounds C. Blunt trauma D. Motor vehicle crashes Correct Answer C. Blunt trauma 472. Which sound indicates an upper airway obstruction? A. Rales B. Wheezing C. Crackles D. Stridor E. Rhonchi Correct Answer D. Stridor 473. Where should you position your vehicle at a motor vehicle collision on the highway? A. 500 feet behind the patient's vehicle B. At a location determined by law enforcement C. At a staging area D. In front of the patient's vehicle Correct Answer D. In front of the patient's vehicle 474. To administer dextrose, what must a patient's blood sugar be under? A. 40 mg/dL B. 100 mg/dL C. 80 mg/dL D. 60 mg/dL Correct Answer D. 60 mg/dL 475. You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle collision. There is no fire, leaking fluid, or fumes. How far from the wreckage should you park? A. 15 feet B. 150 feet C. 50 feet D. 100 feet Correct Answer C. 50 feet 476. Oral hypoglycemic agents primarily work by what mechanism? A. Stimulate the creation of insulin B. Stimulate the release of insulin C. Lower sugar production D. Convert glycogen to glucose Correct Answer B. Stimulate the release of insulin 477. What pacemaker in the heart has an intrinsic rate of 60-100 beats per minute? A. SA Node B. Bundle of His C. AV Node D. Ductus arteriosus Correct Answer A. SA Node 478. What is the purpose of the National Incident Management System? A. Provide plans for covering up terrorist attacks. B. Allow for federal control of all major incidents. C. Standardize the multi-agency response to an MCI. D. Provide funding to local agencies that deal with MCI's. Correct Answer C. Standardize the multi-agency response to an MCI. 479. What solution has a solute concentration lower than cells? A. Hypotonic B. Isotonic C. Eutonic D. Hypertonic Correct Answer A. Hypotonic 480. A 67 year old female is undergoing dialysis treatment for renal failure. Which of her organs is compromised? A. Lungs B. Pancreas C. Liver D. Kidneys Correct Answer D. Kidneys 481. When assessing a patient with a fractured tibia, what is an example of a pertinent negative? A. Cover his face with a surgical mask B. Obtain a baseline set of vitals C. Administer a diuretic and apply oxygen D. Apply oxygen and start an IV Correct Answer A. Cover his face with a surgical mask 492. A 41 year old male has been injured in an explosion at a chemical laboratory. He has a ruptured tympanic membranes and sinus injuries. At what phase of the blast did the patient sustain the sinus injuries? A. Ultimate B. Primary C. Tertiary D. Secondary Correct Answer B. Primary 493. An alert 87 year old woman has peripheral cyanosis and complains of dyspnea. Vitals signs are BP 150/70, P 110, R 26. Suddenly she passes out on her sofa. What should you do? A. Insert a nasal airway and apply high flow oxygen. B. Check her airway for a FBAO. C. Position her airway using a modified jaw thrust maneuver. D. Use a head-tilt/chin-lift and assist her ventilations. Correct Answer D. Use a head-tilt/chin-lift and assist her ventilations. 494. What neurotransmitter is found in the synapse between the alpha or beta receptors and the postganglionic neuron? A. Norepinephrine B. Dopamine C. Adrenaline D. Acetylcholine Correct Answer A. Norepinephrine 495. A 38 year old male has been struck with a brick. His words are incomprehensible, and he has no eye opening or motor response. He has unequal pupils and has blood draining from his left ear. Vital signs are BP 178/110, P 58, R 8. What should you suspect? A. A narcotic overdose B. Subdural hematoma C. A basal skull fracture D. Hypovolemic shock Correct Answer C. A basal skull fracture 496. Which of the following patients should have the pneumatic anti-shock garment applied and inflated? A. 22 year old female gunshot wound to the flank, BP 84/44 B. 35 year old female blunt abdominal trauma, BP 180/90. C. 25 year old male head injury, apneic and tachycardia, BP 86/30 D. 16 year old male bilateral tibia and fibula fractures, BP 90/54 Correct Answer D. 16 year old male bilateral tibia and fibula fractures, BP 90/54 497. What mechanism does the body lose the majority of heat? A. Evaporation B. Conduction C. Convection D. Radiation Correct Answer D. Radiation 498. What is the expected breathing rate for a child under the age of eight? A. 10-20 breaths per min. B. 5-10 breaths per min. C. 20-40 breaths per min. D. 40-60 breaths per min. Correct Answer C. 20-40 breaths per min. 499. What level should EMS Professionals responding to high risk low incident rescues be trained? A. Operations B. Specialist C. Awareness D. Technical Correct Answer C. Awareness 500. What is an abnormal respiratory pattern characterized by deep, rapid breaths? A. Kussmaul's B. Cheyne-Stokes C. Ataxic (Biot's) D. Apneustic Correct Answer A. Kussmaul's 501. What is your priority as the incident commander at a mass casualty incident? A. Monitor incident organization. B. Notification of the media. C. Directing extrication of casualties. D. Ensuring safety of EMS personnel. Correct Answer A. Monitor incident organization. 502. A 31 year old female has gun shot wound to the right lateral chest. She is awake and alert with obvious difficulty breathing. Where should she be transported? A. Respiratory center B. Trauma center C. Local hospital D. Emergency department Correct Answer B. Trauma center 503. What does chronotropy refer to? A. Stroke volume B. Blood pressure C. Cardiac output D. Heart rate Correct Answer D. Heart rate 504. A healthy, athletic male undergoes a routine physical screening. He presents in no acute distress. His ECG shows the following rhythm: "https://testing.fisdap.net/testing_images/EKGParis1.png" (Sinus Brady at 60 BPM) You should: A. initiate IV access and administer atropine 0.5 mg. B. not do anything; this is likely normal for this patient. C. prepare for immediate transcutaneous pacing. D. administer a fluid bolus of 250 cc and reevaluate. Correct Answer B. not do anything; this is likely normal for this patient. 505. What is a psychosomatic complaint? A. An often delusional mental state characterized by feelings of dejection, insomnia, or weight loss. B. A condition in which psychic energy from a repressed idea is converted into physical symptoms. C. A feeling of apprehension, uncertainty, and fear. D. A mental disorder characterized by abnormal suspicions or other delusions. Correct Answer B. A condition in which psychic energy from a repressed idea is converted into physical symptoms. 506. Which statement about suicide is correct? A. People who talk about suicide rarely act on it. B. There is a high correlation between suicide and alcohol use.