Emergency Medical Procedures and Protocols, Exams of Advanced Education

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EMT Final 200 possible exam questions

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who may not understand the stress put on you as an emt? - friends and family in many states a minor may be considered as an adult for the purpose of consenting or refusing if the minor is - emancipated : lives by themselves and self- supported when do we palate a patient's pelvis - MOI suggests it what does the spinal cord pass through at the base of the cranium - forena magnum what fills the entire posterior / anterior of the right upper quadrant - the liver if you are doing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with no traumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs. what do you focus on - chief complaint who regulates the standards for pre hospital emergency care - the state office of ems why do incidents of diabetes increase with age - decreased activity, weight gain, decreased insulin how would you say a person's body is laying if they're on their back/stomach - supine/prone what happens in neurogenic shock - widespread vasodilation, body doesn't compensate why can a child's airway be occluded if you over extend or overflow the head - the occipital is proportionally larger than the trachea and flexible what does hemoglobin attach to - red blood cells which carry oxygen how long do you hold the tip of an Epi auto injector in place - 10 sec you have someone with lower back pain with tearing sensation. what are they experiencing - aortic aneurysm what are the two functions of the liver - secretion of bile and filters waste What is the atlas? - 1st cervical vertebrae which articulates with the skull

what is distnia - difficulty breathing

head trauma, stroke, poisoning or brain tumor. which one of these would cause metabolic seizure - poisoning if you have a change in a patient condition, what do we reassess - ABC if you have JVD, that suggests a blood problem returning to the heart, the patient is at what angle - 35 degree angle how do we suction with orpharanix of a patient - on the way out at our level, why do we assume that a person is having an AMI when complaining of chest pain - we can't diagnose them in the field the team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation for the suck and injured - the ems system the stomach, gallbladder, liver, or appendix. which one would most likely bleed profusely - the liver what is the back portion of the body considered - posterior weight gain, lack of appetite, weight loss, polyuria, low blood glucose levels. which sign or symptom would you most likely encounter in a patient with a new onset of type 1 diabetes - weight loss and polyuria what are the finger bones called - phalangies chest pain patient with a history of hypertension. you give high flow O and he has a Nitro patch on the right upper chest. His pressure is 78/50. what do you do - with a gloved hand, take the Nitro patch off and wipe the chest off. raise the feet to treat the BP where does the blood in the inferior vena cava come from to get back to the heart - legs, kidneys, abdomen, but not the brain 33yr old unresponsive patient with rapid shallow respirations. how do we treat that - positive pressure ventilations if you have a patient that takes numerous meds, what is it best to do with those meds during transport - take them with you what is bradycardia and tachycardia - heart rate less than 60 and heart rate greater than 100 how do we administer oxygen to a hypoxic patient with chronic lung disease - start at a lower flow and gradually build up until you see improvement

What's a sign and symptom of acute hyperventilation syndrome - tachitnia and extremities will become numb and tingly what is the best way to move a patient with a wheeled ambulance stretcher

• push with the head and guide with the feet if you move a patient from a bed to an ambulance stretcher, what kind of carry is that - direct carry you've got an unresponsive patient that we cannot get IV access on. what's the most appropriate access to administer medications by - IO what are risk factors of an MI - the male sex, family history, diet, stress, diabetes why do we give aspirin to patients that are having an MI - makes the platelets less sticky and the blood not able to clot how do the kidneys help regulate blood pressure - sodium and water what is the substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction called - an allergen What's the final stage of death and dying - acceptance What's the 1st thing we do when we arrive on scene - check scene safety you have an individual who is unconscious with rapid , shallow breathing and copious amounts of bloody secretions in his mouth. how do we take care of that - suction on the way out for no more than 15 secs and alternate with 2 mins of oxygenation if you're going to push a wheelchair, stretcher, etc, how do you need your arms to be - not extended compressions to ventilation 2 rescuer for a child - 15 to 2 you have an individual who has some respiratory distress. you place him in a comfortable position, but you don't give him oxygen. what are you - negligent what are crackling air bubbles under the skin called - subutaneous emphasema you go to an elder couple's residence and find them unconscious in the bed. no evidence of trauma. you begin your assessment and began to smell natural gas. how do you get them out - clothes drag or blanket who is responsible for authorizing you to perform on an emt level - the

medical director

What's low blood sugar called - hypoglycemia What's the most rapidly fatal cause of anaphylaxis - upper airway obstruction restlessness and anxiety. rapid shallow breathing with cool, clam my skin and absent peripheral pulses. what is not a sign of compensated shock - absent peripheral pulses what is unique about the diaphragm - it's a voluntary and involuntary muscle Describe septic shock - it causes widespread vessel deterioration which also causes blood to leak out and vasodilation the pressure that is exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressure - hydrostatic pressure you're taking care of an individual that has a small amount of vomit draining from the side of their mouth. after you protect her from further injury how do you take care of the airway - manually position the head, suction, npa, and high flow oxygen the patient is on cpap and is in severe respiratory distress. his heart rate has increased by 20 beats per min. he is conscious but no longer following verbal commands. what do you do - remove the CPAP and bag them with a BVM if a honey bee stinger remains in the world following staying what is important - to remove the Stinger because if it remains than the Stinger will continue to pump Venom into the body for up to 20 minutes when is transfer of patient care complete - after you give your patient care report to the nurse this commonly occurs in late adulthood and causes a decline in cardiac function is most often related to what - atherosclerosis how do we give nitroglycerin - sublingually you get to a residence and the guy isn't acting right you approached the door and he begin shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat what do you do - leave and call for police backup what causes a decreased minute volume in an adult - shallow breathing you pull up on the scene of a man in cardiac arrest you immediately recognized him as the drunk driver that killed your brother several years ago the backup ambulance is in route to the scene what do you do - treat him what does the root word -melan mean - black

if your protocol for CPR calls for you to do a passive ventilation what does that mean - you allow the chest to recoil in between compressions to draw air into the lungs you have a patient with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds are clear and equal on both sides what does it mean - adequate air Exchange why do most people who experience an AMI not seek medical attention - they are in denial what do you do before attempting to access a patient in a trapped motor vehicle - make sure the vehicle is stable you are resuscitating a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest and because of where you are you can't get a hold of medical control what do you have to fall back on - standing orders or local protocol what are your solid abdominal organs - kidneys liver spleen and pancreas where are the vocal cords located - in the larynx what is the inferior cartilage - the xiphoid process/ the inferior cartilaginous ganglia tip of the sternum is the xiphoid process severe foreign body Airway obstruction in a conscious infant - five back blows you get an order from medical control to perform an intervention on a patient what should you do before you provide that intervention - repeat the order how is tuberculosis transmitted - coughing a raised swollen well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting - a wheal diabetic ketoacidosis kussmaul respirations what is the patient trying to eliminate - acid from the blood what organ assist with filtration of the blood and serves as a reservoir - the spleen a critical incident stress stress debriefing should be conducted no more than how many hours after an incident - 72 hours when you are listening to the blood pressure you place the stethoscope over which artery - brachial artery what is used to describe body parts that are closer to the midline of the body -

medial

semi conscience respirations rapid and shallow pulse is rapid and irregular blood pressure is low patient states his wife complained of pain and nausea the day before but would not call nine-one-one pain is left arm and nausea what is most likely the cause - cardiogenic hypoperfusion shock carbon monoxide maximum allowable blood deoxygenated the body why - it binds the hemoglobin in red blood cells and displaces the oxygen what does gastro mean - stomach you are obtaining a sample history from a patient with diabetes it is most important to determine what - recent illness or extra stress what has the weakest transmission signal and usually results in it least likely be heard by the party being - handheld radio the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue with an adequate amount to meet the cell's needs - perfusion what action does Epi produce when given to an allergic reaction - vasoconstriction and bronchial dilator Alpha Beta drug if you are transporting a patient to the hospital and come up on the scene of a major motor vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients what do you do - call it in and keep going 5 minutes after a 21 year old female stop seizing she is confused and disoriented and keeps asking what happened she tells you she's thirsty the brother witness to seizures she takes dolpre which is Depo for seizures she hasn't taken it in a few days she says she has diabetes in addition to administering oxygen you should do what - blood glucose levels and monitor Airway and breathing most pre-hospital Cardiac Arrest occurs as a result of what - cardiac dysrhythmia what is a t. I. A? It occurs when? - a small clot in a cerebral artery which causes temporary symptom EMT training in every state meets or exceeds the guidelines of who - nhtsa :national highway traffic safety administration both areas of the pons are used to what - augment respirations during emotional or physical stress what's the inferior portion of the ventricles outside the heart - the Apex

what artery do you palpate in an unresponsive infant - brachial artery how many doses of nitroglycerin do most Physicians tell their patients to take before calling ems - 3 Cushing's Triad - increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, bradycardia, blood pressure 190 over 110 pulse rate 55 respiration rate 30 normal respiration rate for newborn should not exceed what - no more than 60 breaths per minute What mechanisms does our body use to control bleeding - vasoconstriction, clotting, coagulation what's the most common mechanism of injury in older patients - Falls what is clouding of the lenses of the eyes - cataracts unlike viral agents, bacterial agents respond to what - antibiotics you have an individual that has sustained an abdominal visceration. After you've attended his ABCs, how do you attend the viscerated abdomen - apply a sterile gauze and apply an occlusive dressing you have a patient in active labor. You visualize the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. What's the appropriate management - position the mom on her back with head down and pelvis elevated padding underneath the Torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessarily if he or she is older than what to what - 8 to 10 years old you've delivered, cut the cord. The mom is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. How do you control that? - massage the fundus in a circular motion what's the primary route of exposure for a vesicant agent - the skin if you've got a patient with a head injury, hypertension, bradycardia, and that indicates what type of head injury - herniation of the brain stem the umbilical cord what does it carry to the baby - oxygen and nutrients by the umbilical vein each ovary produces an ovum on alternating months and releases it to the what - fallopian tubes what is not a known risk factor of SIDS - babies on their back to sleep

the jumpstart triage is intended to be used for children younger than how many age or who appear to weigh less than what - age 8 and 100 lb what typically does not contribute to or cause obesity - rapid metabolism if you are staging at the scene of a structure fire you should remain where

• with your ambulance signs and symptoms of a sympathetic my medic drug overdose include what - tachycardia if a situation allows a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than what - 40 lb you are caring for someone. She is semi-conscious and has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth. She incontinent of urine. You know the post is very slow. Immediate management should include what - suctioning her oropharynx the optic nerve endings are located within what - the retina if you are caring for a patient, your partner says why splint the leg... That statement indicates what? - the EMTs focus is not on the common goal what is not a component of the apgar score - body size what's the weather of a black widow spider toxic to - the nervous system a hip fracture is actually a fracture of the what - the proximal femur 39 year old male sustained a large laceration to his leg in an accident with a chainsaw and it's experiencing signs of shock. What do you do first - scene safety and PPE, BSI greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because why - their bones are more flexible the most significant Hazard associated with splinting is what - delay of transport what are the most efficient ways our body eliminates excess Heat - sweating and vasodilation cord around infant's neck what do you do - gently slipped the cord over the infant's head what is placenta previa defined as - placenta develops over the cervical opening

caring for female child that may have been sexually abused how do you care for that - have a female EMT remain with them if possible 36 week pregnant, vaginal bleeding, suddenly becomes diaphoretic and tachycardia and hypotensive. What position do you put her in? - left lateral recumbent: supine hypotensive syndrome 84 year old male fil one week ago. He has been bed ridden since. Today he presents with an altered mental status. He is pale and cold. Respirations are rapid and shallow. What do you suspect? - shock, systemic infection when providing a full body scan you should assess for what? - dcap-btls 21 year old male complains of severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes following face trauma. Clinical presentation is most consistent with what? - blowout fracture unless they are critically injured, you begin your assessment of a toddler where? - the feet overdosed on heroin and unresponsive, breathing slow and shallow, bradycardia, and track marks on both arms. How do you take care of the airway? - NPA with BVM which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion - gastrointestinal system an infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep their alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by doing what? - grunting what contains about 75% of the brains total volume - cerebrum dehydrated and fit. What will the fontanelles do - sink in what is the easiest way to give O2 to a frightened child - oxygen tube in a cup the process of removing dirt, dust, blood Etc from a surface or equipment is called what

• cleaning what portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from the body tissue - red blood cells pelvic inflammatory disease typically does not affect what - the bladder how far away do you park from trench rescue - 500 feet

what kind of condition would you most likely encounter a patient with cerebral palsy - seizure disorders Define index of Suspicion - awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion does not include what - hot, dry skin bilateral radial pulses and alert and breathing. Severely angulated angulated leg which is not bleeding. According to jumpstart triage you should do what - assign him a yellow color and keep triaging once you get a cervical collar applied what does that hinder you from doing

• managing the airway man jumps from his roof and lands on his feet. He complains of pain to heels, knees and lower back. This moi is an example of what? - axial loading the vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the what - the birth canal the smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries and capillaries are called what - arterioles death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of what - bleeding in the brain high humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through which mechanism - evaporation many older victims of psychological abuse may make false statements or lie about the origin of the injury because why - they fear retribution from the abuser if you have a patient that has been exposed to cyanide what will their pulse ox be - normal if you are doing a continual assessment of a scene of a suspected terrorist attack what's the most important thing to remember - secondary devices you should consider possible causes of an airway obstruction in a child or infant especially if they present to you with what - drooling and congestion where are the most serious ambulance crashes typically - at intersections an infant is considered to be premature if it weighs less than what or born before what - weighs less than 5 lb and born before 36 weeks

because hearing impaired patients typically have difficulty hearing high frequency sounds it is important to do what to your voice - lower the tone or pitch covering a patient's what will significantly minimize radiation heat loss - their head what's the EMTs responsibility during a search and rescue operation - wait at the staging area until the patient is located which of the following regarding Crush syndrome is correct - compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for more than 4 hours EMTs and other Healthcare Providers function as a true team when at work how - interdependently blunt abdominal trauma patient is unstable and showing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your ETA to the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately You should do what? - closely Monitor and reassess frequently patients with generalized hypothermia are at an increased risk of a local cold injury because why - the blood is shunted away from the extremity to the body's core you have to assume any unwitnessed water-related accident is accompanied by what - spinal injury under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used - as a bridge to the heart Transportation as a donor heart is being located out of the following meds which increases a person's risk for heart related emergencies

• diuretics what is the first step in assessing a patient with a behavioral problem - scene safety hydroplaning of an ambulance on wet roads will most likely occur at what speed or greater - 30 miles per hour or greater what area of the body has the thinnest skin - ears the surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for the elimination of waste - colostomy once entrance and access to a patient has been provided you should do what - primary assessment

arrival on scene of overturned tractor-trailer. You know a green Cloud emitting from the crash. The driver is still in the truck. conscious but bleeding profusely. After alerting Hazmat you should do what - Retreat uphill and upwind at the scene of downed power lines you should do what - remain outside the danger zone Define extrication - removing from a dangerous situation of position infant with a total blood volume of 800 ml would start showing signs of shock when as little as how much blood is lost - 100 ml according to the jumpstart triage system what should you do if a patient is found to have a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute? - assess for bilateral pulses by the 20th week of pregnancy where is the uterus typically located - above the umbilicus or belly button 52 year old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face. She has obvious signs of swelling to her face and several dislodge teeth. Visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. Conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130 over 85 pulse 110 respiration 22 you should do what - fully immobilize her c-spine, attempt to locate the dislodge teeth, such an as-needed and transport. the onset of Labor begins with what - contractions of the uterus the stooped posture of some older people which gives them a humpback appearance is called what - cafosis???*** check on this what is contained within the dermis - nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles a type what ambulance features a conventional truck cab chassis with a modular ambulance body that can be transferred to a newer chassis as needed - type 1 ambulance a patient requires medication but not additional fluids. The EMT will most likely prepare what - a saline lock sedentary Behavior while healing from a hip fracture most likely disposes older patients to what - pneumonia what is an upper Airway viral infection obstruction in a child called - croup the tough fibrous outer layer meningeal - dura mater

gunshot wound to the abdomen other than assessing and managing Airway what do you need to be looking for - control bleeding and check for Exit wound you are transporting someone in cardiac arrest and approaching a stopped school bus what do you do - stop and wait until warning lights stop flashing which are not hollow organs in the stomach - liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue resulting in complete Detachment of flap of skin - avulsion what do you make sure you do when caring for a patient that is visually impaired - explain what you're doing to them and going to do to them and tell them their environment and any noises that they might hear child with respiratory distress, 18 month old female, tickitnic, sternal retractions clinging to Mom. Skin pink and dry. Heart rate 120. Most appropriate treatment - Blow by oxygen and transport with Mom