Emergency Medical Procedures and Techniques, Exams of Nursing

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NYS EMT CERTIFICATION EXAM

NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM 2025

QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT

ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES

(VERIFIED ANSWERS) | GET CERTIFIED

A previously conscious patient with a partial airway obstruction starts to become unconscious, and the patient's "crowing" noises have stopped. The EMT should

1. Continue to treat the patient as a partial airway obstruction patient

2. Treat the patient as a complete airway obstruction patient

3. Administer oxygen by a non-rebreather mask

4. Suction the patient's pharynx Correct Answer Treat the patient as a complete airway obstruction patient You arrive at the scene of a call and find an unconscious adult victim. The initial attempt to ventilate proves unsuccessful. The NEXT step should be A. Deliver 5 abdominal thrusts B. Check carotid pulse C. Reposition the head and attempt to ventilate again

D. Reposition the head and perform a finger sweep Correct Answer Reposition the head and attempt to ventilate again When taking vital signs on an unstable patient it is important to take them every

1. 2-3 mins
2. 5 mins
3. 10 mins
4. 15 mins Correct Answer 5 mins

• Vital signs for a stable patient is every 15 mins When you are administering mouth-to-mask ventilations without supplemental oxygen, approximately how much oxygen are you providing for the nonrebreathing patient

1. 16%
2. 18%
3. 20%
4. 21% Correct Answer 16% with supplemental oxygen- 50% According to the CPR guidelines, when ventilating a non- rebreathing child (1-8 years old), how many times per minute should ventilations be performed
5. 10- 15
6. 10 - 20
7. 15- 20

4. 12- 20 Correct Answer 12 - 20 When ventilations are being performed on a victim who is suspected of having a spinal injury, the victims neck should be kept in a
5. Prone Position
6. Hyperextended position
7. Neutral position
8. Flexed position Correct Answer Neutral position The management of airway obstruction in the conscious infant includes
9. Back slaps and chest thrusts
10. Back slaps, abdominal thrusts, and chest thrusts
11. Abdominal thrusts and chest thrusts
12. Finger sweeps, back slaps, and abdominal thrusts Correct Answer Back slaps and chest thrusts The management of airway obstruction in the unconscious infant includes
13. Back slaps and chest thrusts
14. Back slaps, abdominal thrusts, and chest thrusts
15. Perform CPR and check mouth after each cycle
16. Finger sweeps, back slaps, and abdominal thrusts Correct Answer Perform CPR and check mouth after each cycle

• Infant, Child and Adult unconscious airway obstruction check mouth then perform CPR and check mouth again after each cycle In caring for a non-breathing patient with a stoma or tracheotomy tube; the EMS provider must

1. Use a nasopharyngeal airway
2. Use extra force with each ventilation
3. Cover the neck opening
4. Ventilate through the neck opening Correct Answer Ventilate through the neck opening A correct statement concerning airway management of a patient who has a suspected spinal cord injury is that
5. The cord injury takes precedence over the airway; the patient can be ventilated only if this be done without moving the cord
6. The airway takes precedence over the cord injury; the airway must be opened regardless of the damage it might do to the cord
7. There is no difference in management; in the presence of a cord injury, the airway is still opened in the usual way.
8. Special techniques must be employed to open the airway without moving the cord Correct Answer Special techniques must be employed to open the airway without moving the cord

The Ratio of Compressions to Ventilations when one rescuer applies CPR to an Adult is

1. 15:
2. 15:
3. 30:
4. 30:2 Correct Answer 30:

• Adult one or two rescuer 30:
• Child and Infant one rescuer 30:
• Child and Infant two rescuer 15: When CPR is being performed on a child (1-8 years old), The rate of the chest compression is

1. 60/min
2. 70/min
3. 100/min
4. 120/min Correct Answer 100/min How far down must you compress the sternum when you are giving cardiopulmonary resuscitation to an adult
5. 1-1 1/2 inches
6. 1 1/2-2 inches
7. 2-2 1/2 inches
8. 2 1/2- 3 inches Correct Answer 1 1/2-2 inches

• CHILD AND INFANT 1/3 to 1/2 chest depth

How many breaths per minute should you provide a non- breathing adult when you are ventilating by the mouth-to- mask procedure

1. 8- 10
2. 10- 12
3. 13- 15
4. 18- 20 Correct Answer 10 - 12 or 5-6 seconds In placing the hands on a patient's sternum to perform CPR, the EMS provider should
5. Hold the fingers of the bottom hand in a fist formation and fingers on the top hand curved up
6. Fold the fingers under and make a firm fist
7. Hold the fingers outward and slightly away from the chest wall
8. Allow the fingers to curve and conform to the patients chest Correct Answer Hold the fingers outward and slightly away from the chest wall You are performing two-rescuer CPR on a child. The rescuer who has been ventilating informs you that the patient is now breathing spontaneously. What should you do?
9. Continue to provide ventilations and compressions, Since you should not stop CPR once you have begun
10. Stop compressions and place the child in the recovery position

3. Keep both hands on the sternum in order to be ready to resume compressions
4. Stop the ventilations but continue with the compressions Correct Answer Stop compressions and place the child in the recovery position When performing two-rescuer CPR, how often should the rescuer palpate the carotid artery to check for the return of a spontaneous pulse
5. Every 2 minutes
6. Every 5 minutes
7. Every 10 cycles
8. Every Minute Correct Answer Every 2 minutes Which one of the following statements concerning the performance of CPR is CORRECT?
9. Quick jabs and sudden jerking movements should be avoided when compressing the chest.
10. Quick jabs are effective in providing pulses of blood to the brain
11. 70% of the cycle should be compression and 30% of the cycle should be relaxation
12. Quick jabs produce jets of blood flow out of the heart and enhance stroke volume Correct Answer Quick jabs and sudden jerking movements should be avoided when compressing the chest

Keeping the heel of the hand lightly in contact with the chest during the relaxation phase of the chest compression is important because

1. Stomach distention can be prevented
2. Correct hand position can be maintained
3. Over expansion of the chest can be avoided
4. The pressure enhances cardiac contraction Correct Answer Correct hand position can be maintained (Chest must have full recoil after each compression) While performing ventilations on an infant or a child in respiratory arrest, you should ventilate once every
5. 3-5 seconds
6. 4-6 seconds
7. 5-7 seconds
8. 6-8 seconds Correct Answer 3 - 5 seconds To perform external cardiac compressions on a four-year- old child, you should use the
9. Tips of the fingers
10. Thumbs of both hands
11. Heel of one hand or two hands
12. Heel of your foot Correct Answer Heel of one hand or two hands The area of external cardiac compression on an infant should be

1. At the nipple line
2. One finger-width above the nipple
3. One finger-width below the nipple line
4. The upper half of the sternum Correct Answer One finger-width below the nipple line or 2-thumb encircling the chest with 2 person CPR

• Child and Adult the area of external compression is center of chest between the nipples In reference to performing external cardiac compressions you should

1. Pump lightly and pump fast
2. Pump hard and pump slow
3. Pump diligently and pump slow
4. Pump hard and pump fast Correct Answer Pump hard and pump fast When checking for signs of circulation on a non-breathing adult, the pulse check should last for
5. 2-5 seconds
6. 5-10 seconds
7. 10-15 seconds
8. 15-20 seconds Correct Answer 5 - 10 seconds

• The length of a pulse and breathing checks are the same for adult, child and infants 5-10 seconds

Which of the following statements regarding nasopharyngeal airways (NPA) is TRUE?

1. NPA's should be used only in the left nostril
2. NPA's should be coated with water-soluble lubricant prior to insertion
3. NPA's are more likely to stimulate a gag reflex than would an OPA
4. If an obstruction is encountered as a NPA is first introduced, You should immediately switch to an OPA Correct Answer NPA's should be coated with water- soluble lubricant prior to insertion You have inserted an OPA into the mouth of an unconscious victim who reacts by having a gag reflex. You should
5. Remove the airway
6. Remove the airway, then reinsert it
7. Pull the airway out slightly
8. Use a smaller sized airway Correct Answer REMOVE THE AIRWAY In mouth-to-mask ventilation, the stomach is likely to be distended if too great a force is used to inflate the lungs. Lung ventilation may become more difficult because stomach inflation
9. Causes a spasm of the larynx
10. Pushes up on the diaphragm and increases the likelihood of vomiting

3. Produces a back pressure that pushes the epiglottis forward
4. Causes a displacement of the lungs, Resulting in deviation of the trachea Correct Answer Pushes up on the diaphragm and increases the likelihood of vomiting For a single rescuer ventilating a non-breathing patient, the pocket mask with supplement oxygen is more effective then the Bag-Valve-Mask with supplemental oxygen, Because the
5. Rescuer can use two hands to maintain head extension and seal the mask
6. Pocket-mask cushion more readily conforms to all patients
7. Elastic headband maintains a tight deal
8. Pocket mask delivers a higher concentration of oxygen Correct Answer Rescuer can us two hands to maintain head extension and seal the mask In using a bag-valve-mask, which of the following is the best way to determine if adequate volume is being delivered to a patient in respiratory arrest
9. Listen for air leaving the exhalation port of the bag- valve-mask
10. Observe for rising and falling of the patients chest
11. Monitor the patients breath sounds
12. Attach the oxygen reservoir and provide a flow of at least 10 liters/min of oxygen Correct Answer Observe the rising and falling of the patients chest

The most common problem encountered with the use of a bag-valve-mask device is the failure to

1. Seal the mask properly over the victim's mouth and nose
2. Connect the bag to oxygen
3. Control the transmission of communicable diseases
4. Squeeze the bag at the proper inflation rate Correct Answer Seal the mask properly love the victims mouth and nose The proper techniques for suctioning a patient's mouth is to insert the catheter with the suction
5. On, and turn the suction unit off as you are withdrawing the catheter
6. Off, turn the suction on to remove foreign material, and then off as you withdraw the catheter
7. On, and suction while you insert and withdraw the catheter
8. Off, apply suction, and continue suction as you are withdrawing the catheter Correct Answer Off, apply suction, and continue suction as you are withdrawing the catheter An unconscious, breathing 18 year-old patient has been rescued from a car that had the engine running. The patients's skin is red; vital signs are: BP= 110/70, R= 18. Oxygen should administered with which of the following devices?

1. Nasal Cannula
2. Simple Face Mask
3. Venturi Mask
4. Non-rebreathing mask Correct Answer Non-rebreathing mask You are called to the home of a patient who is on physician-prescribed low-concentration oxygen, and who is NOT in acute respiratory distress. According to the NYS BLS Treatment Protocols, Which type of oxygen delivery device should you use during transport?
5. Non-rebreathing mask
6. Demand valve
7. Simple face mask
8. Nasal Cannula Correct Answer Nasal Cannula You are suctioning a trauma patient who has large blood clots present in the mouth. You should
9. Use alcohol to clear blood clots from the suction tip
10. Insert the suction tip with a vacuum on
11. Sweep the clots out of the mouth before suctioning
12. Ensure that your suction unit does not exceed 200mm Hg negative pressure Correct Answer Sweep the clots out of the mouth before suctioning A patient tells you that he was thrown against the dashboard of the car and complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. Vital Signs: BP: 96/60, P= 120, R=

22. He is cyanotic and has great difficulty talking to you. The immediate treatment for this patient t should be to
23. Immobilize the injured area with sandbags
24. Administered oxygen via nasal cannula
25. Administer high-concentration oxygen
26. Assist him in taking his nitroglycerin pill Correct Answer Administer High-Concentration Oxygen Which liter flow is inappropriate for oxygen administration via a nasal cannula?
27. 0-2 liters/min
28. 2-4 liters/min
29. 4-6 liters/min
30. 8-10 liters/min Correct Answer 8 - 10 liters/min The maximum rate for delivering oxygen via nasal cannula is
31. 2 liters/min
32. 4 liters/min
33. 6 liters/min
34. 10 liters/min Correct Answer 6 liters/min If a patient is in respiratory failure, how many ml of air should be given to a patient using a BVM with supplemental oxygen
35. 700-1000ml per ventilation over 2 seconds
36. 600-800ml per ventilation over 1-2 seconds

3. 800-1200ml per ventilation over 2 seconds
4. 400-600ml per ventilation over 1-2 seconds Correct Answer 400 - 600ml per ventilation over 1-2 seconds

• BVM w/o supplemental oxygen is 600-800ml per ventilation over 1-2 seconds According to the NYS CFR/EMT student manual, a breathing patient should not be suctioned for any longer then:

1. 5 seconds
2. 20 seconds
3. 15 seconds
4. 20 seconds Correct Answer 15 seconds

• Children and infants suction as briefly as possible The oxygen concentration delivered by a non-rebreathing mask with a flow rate of 10-12 liters/min is approximately

1. 60%
2. 70%
3. 80%
4. 90% Correct Answer 90% Bleeding due to laceration in the neck may threaten the patient's life because:
5. It may affect the nerves of the spinal column
6. It may make the patient's blood pressure rise

3. Air may enter the blood vessel, making the patient prone to air embolism
4. Massive blood clots may form that may cause a stroke Correct Answer Air may enter the blood vessel, making the patient prone to air embolism The EMT should not attempt to control a nosebleed in a patient with a stable BP if the nose bleed is
5. Caused by exposure to high altitudes
6. A reaction to a medication
7. A result of an acute infection
8. A result of a head injury Correct Answer A result of a head injury Compressing a pressure point on an extremity will aid in controlling bleeding
9. Lateral to the injury
10. Medial to the injury
11. Distal to the injury
12. Proximal to the injury Correct Answer Distal to the injury All of the following conditions can lead to hypoperfusion (shock) EXCEPT:
13. Dilated blood vessels/pooling blood in the extremities
14. Loss of fluid volume
15. Increased fluid volume
16. Decreased cardiac output Correct Answer Increased fluid volume

Blunt or penetrating trauma to which of the following areas is MOST likely to cause serious hypovolemic shock?

1. Chest and Abdominal region
2. Forearm
3. Face
4. Lower leg Correct Answer Chest and Abdominal region Which of the following conditions indicate hypoperfusion (shock)?
5. Pulse weak and slow; decreased blood pressure
6. Lethargy; a decreased pulse rate
7. Skin flushed; decreased blood pressure
8. Thirst; restlessness: Rapid Pulse Correct Answer Thirst; restlessness: Rapid Pulse A characteristic of arterial bleeding is that it
9. Is dark maroon in color
10. Is the easiest of all types pf bleeding to control
11. Flows from the wound in distinct spurts
12. Clots very easily Correct Answer Flows from the wound in distinct spurts Hypo perfusion (shock) is said to exist whenever there is
13. An acute infection
14. An allergic reaction
15. A heart problem

4. Inadequate tissue perfusion Correct Answer Inadequate tissue perfusion In infants and elderly people, excessive diarrhea and vomiting can lead to
5. Hypovolemic shock
6. Pulmonary edema
7. Cardiogenic shock
8. Hypertension Correct Answer Hypovolemic shock Treatment for the early phase of hypovolemic shock includes maintenance of airway and:
9. Raising the patient's head and applying a pressure bandage
10. administering and maintaining body temperature
11. Giving water to alleviate thirst and raising the patient's lower extremities
12. Administration and raising the patients upper torso Correct Answer Administering and Maintaining Body Temperature The respiration of a patient who is in hypovolemic shock tend to be
13. Rapid and full
14. Slow and full
15. Rapid and shallow
16. Slow and shallow Correct Answer Rapid and shallow

Which of the following are the signs of anaphylactic shock?

1. Pain in the chest, Rapid strong pulse, Pallor, Sweating
2. Decreased blood pressure, rapid strong pulse, heavy breathing
3. Decreased blood pressure, itching or burning, edema, dyspnea
4. Rapid strong pulse, increased blood pressure, Pallor, Sweating Correct Answer Decreased blood pressure, itching or bring, edema, dyspnea Which component of the blood is active in killing bacteria?
5. Hemoglobin
6. Gamma globulin
7. Platelets
8. White blood cells Correct Answer White blood cells If bleeding to an extremity does not stop with application of direct pressure and pressure dressing, the next step is to:
9. Loosely apply a tourniquet
10. Apply an occlusive dressing
11. Compress the pressure point
12. Pack the wound with dressing Correct Answer Compress the pressure point What is the recommended procedure for the transportation of a severed limb to the hospital?

1. Wrap the limb in sterile gauze, seal in a plastic bag, and keep the limb cool
2. Wrap the limb in sterile gauze, seal in a plastic bag, and keep the limb warm
3. Place the limb on ice, wrap in sterile gauze, then seal both in a plastic bag
4. Wrap the limb in sterile gauze, place on ice, then seal both in a plastic bag Correct Answer Wrap the limb in sterile gauze, seal in a plastic bag, and keep the limb cool The correct term for an open wound that has jagged skin edges is
5. Laceration
6. Abrasion
7. Incision
8. Puncture Correct Answer Laceration Nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair roots are located in which layer of the skin?
9. Dermis
10. Subcutaneous
11. Epidermis
12. Adipose Correct Answer Dermis The treatment for a trauma victim who has sustained a hip joint injury is to:
13. Apply a traction splint to the injured leg
14. Apply an air splint

3. Apply padded board splints and long spine board
4. Attempt to replace the hip into its socket Correct Answer Apply padded board splints and long spine board When checking the lower extremities of a conscious patient for paralysis, the EMS provider should first
5. Look for gross deformities and feel for crepitus
6. Feel for pedal pulses and crepitus
7. Touch the patient's feet and legs and ask patient of he/she can feel the touch
8. Stick the patient lightly with a pin to see if there is feeling Correct Answer Touch the patients feet and legs and ask the patient if he/she can feel the touch Providing care within the scope of practice would be considered behavior in accordance with:
9. The sovereign immunity doctrine
10. Approved protocols
11. Professional Standards
12. Institutional Standards Correct Answer Professional Standards As you lift a patient into the rear of the ambulance, a reporter recognizes the patient as a State Senator. Immediately the press demands to be told what has happened to the senator. You Should:
13. Advise the press that you are unable to comment
14. Deny the patient is the Senator

3. Tell the press your diagnosis
4. Advise the press to contact the Senator's family Correct Answer Advise the press that you are unable to comment If the patient care protocols have been revised, it is the EMS providers responsibility to
5. Attend in-service training with the agency medical director to become familiar with the new protocols
6. Continue to use the old protocols because they are already familiar
7. Begin to use the new protocols as soon as the agency receives them
8. Operate only when in direct communication with the physician Correct Answer Attend in-service training with the agency medical director to become familiar with new protocols During the Initial Assessment, you are assessing a conscious trauma patient complaining loudly of pain in the leg. You should
9. Begin to obtain the history
10. Assess the leg immediately
11. Discontinue the initial Assessment, start the Detailed Physical Exam
12. Continue with your initial assessment Correct Answer Continue with your initial assessment The overall purpose of the initial Assessment is to

1. Identify and correct life-threatening problems and set priorities
2. Ensure that the airway is open and locate breathing problems
3. Identify and treat major extremity injuries
4. Identify minor problems and provide treatment Correct Answer Identify and correct life-threatening problems and set priorities Systolic blood pressure indicates the pressure when the
5. Atria are contracting
6. Atria are relaxing
7. Ventricles are contracting
8. Ventricles are relaxing Correct Answer Ventricles are contracting In what order is the Detailed Physical Exam usually conducted on an adult patient?
9. Head, Neck, extremities, chest, pelvis, abdomen
10. Head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities
11. Head, neck, abdomen, chest, pelvis, extremities
12. Head, chest, abdomen, neck, pelvis, and extremities Correct Answer Head, Neck, Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis, And Extremities A driver has crashed into a tree. In what order should you check for the signs of life-threatening problems in this accident victim?

1. Pulse, respirations, Hemorrhage
2. Respirations, Hemorrhage, and pulse
3. Hemorrhage, Pulse, and Respirations
4. Respirations, Pulse, And hemorrhage Correct Answer Respirations, Pulse, And hemorrhage In assessing a pediatric trauma patient's capillary refill time, an abnormal finding would be a refill time of
5. Greater than 5 seconds
6. Less than 2 seconds
7. Greater than 2 seconds
8. Greater than 4 seconds Correct Answer Greater than 2 seconds If a life-threatening problem is discovered during the initial assessment, you should
9. Finish the initial Assessment and then go back to correct the problem
10. Complete both the initial Assessment and the secondary survey
11. Transport the patient to the hospital immediately
12. Correct the problem before continuing with the initial Assessment Correct Answer Correct the problem before continuing with the initial Assessment All of the following are symptoms EXCEPT
13. Headache
14. Weak Pulse

3. Chest Pain
4. Nausea Correct Answer Weak Pulse Which one of the following is an example of a sign?
5. Cyanosis
6. Nausea
7. Dizziness
8. Chest Pain Correct Answer Cyanosis The "A" in the Mnemonic "AVPU" as it relates to patient assessment stands for
9. Agitated
10. Airway
11. Alert
12. Auscultate Correct Answer Alert Alert Verbal Painful Stimuli and Unresponsive After you have determined that the scene is safe, the first step in caring for a patient is to
13. Check for a carotid pulse
14. Open the airway
15. Determine unresponsiveness
16. Check for breathing Correct Answer Determine unresponsiveness The main tube which carries air to the lungs is called the