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A wide range of emergency medical topics, including patient assessment, airway management, cardiac care, trauma care, and medical terminology. It provides detailed information on various medical procedures, equipment, and conditions that emts and other healthcare providers may encounter in emergency situations. Likely intended to serve as a comprehensive reference or training material for individuals pursuing careers in emergency medical services or related fields. It covers a diverse range of subjects, from the anatomy and physiology of the human body to the proper techniques for immobilizing patients with suspected spinal injuries. The information presented is highly technical and specialized, making this document a valuable resource for students, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in the field of emergency medicine.
Typology: Exams
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Each of the following is the responsiblity of an EMT at a hazardous- materials (hazmat) incident except: A. entering hazmat scenes with SCBA. B. protecting yourself and others. C. recognizing potential problems. D. notifying the hazardous-materials response team. - Answer A. entering hazmat scenes with SCBA. The form of infection control that assumes that all body fluids should be considered potentially infectious is: A. infectious disease.
B. Standard Precautions. C. immunity. D. universal precautions. - Answer B. Standard Precautions. When planning to lift a patient, all of the following are important considerations for the EMT except: A. the weight of the patient. B. one's physical characteristics. C. communicating with one's partner. D. the distance the patient needs to be carried. - Answer D. the distance the patient needs to be carried. When lifting an injured patient, the EMT should: A. keep the back loose and knees locked. B. twist or attempt to make moves other than the lift. C. use the leg muscles to do the lift. D. try not to talk to her or his partner. - Answer C. use the leg muscles to do the lift. You are treating a 45-year-old male who twisted his ankle in the upstairs bathroom. To carry this patient on the stairs, you should: A. keep the stretcher as level as possible. B. use a long backboard at all times.
C. use a stair chair whenever possible. D. do all of these. - Answer C. use a stair chair whenever possible. Ways an EMT can avoid a potential back injury include all of the following except: A. push, rather than pull, a load. B. keep the back locked in while lifting. C. keep arms straight when pulling. D. push or pull from a kneeling position if the weight is below waist level. - Answer C. keep arms straight when pulling. An emergency move is required in each of the following situations except when: A. the scene is hazardous. B. care of life-threatening conditions requires repositioning. C. other patients who have life threats must be reached. D. the patient is unconscious. - Answer D. the patient is unconscious. Which of the following is the greatest danger to the patient in an emergency move? A. A spinal injury may be aggravated. B. Bleeding may increase after movement. C. The airway may become obstructed.
D. There is no danger associated with an emergency move. - Answer A. A spinal injury may be aggravated. A method of lifting and carrying a patient in which one EMT slips hands under the patient's armpits and grasps the wrists while another EMT grasps the patient's knees is called the: A. direct ground lift. B. extremity lift. C. draw-sheet method. D. direct carry method. - Answer B. extremity lift. Your patient is a medical patient with a suspected drug overdose. He is lying supine on your stretcher, and you have been maintaining his airway. When moving him from the ambulance stretcher to the hospital stretcher, you will probably use the: A. crade carry. B. modified draw-sheet method. C. direct ground lift. D. extremity lift. - Answer B. modified draw-sheet method. To load the wheeled ambulance stretcher into the ambulance, the two EMTs should position themselves on _____ of the stretcher. A. opposite sides B. opposide ends
C. the same side D. one end and one side - Answer A. opposite sides You are treating a 28-year-old conscious diabetic who has an altered level of consciousness. She is lying on the floor at the moment. To move her from the floor to a stair chair, use the: A. indirect carry. B. extremity lift. C. slide transfer. D. chair lift. - Answer B. extremity lift. Drags are used only in emergencies because they: A. do not protect the patient's neck and spine. B. require excessive energy from the EMT. C. may injure the EMT's back. D. provide full immobilization. - Answer A. do not protect the patient's neck and spine. To maintain balance when lifting a patient-carrying device, it is best to use _____ rescuers to carry the device. A. three B. an even number of C. an odd number of
D. bystanders and - Answer B. an even number of You are treating the driver of a vehicle involved in a collision. He is a 22- year-old male who requires immediate airway and bleeding control. You are unable to provide this treatment in the vehicle. You should: A. check the patient's vital signs. B. make an urgent move. C. remove the patient on a short backboard. D. do all of these. - Answer B. make an urgent move. Your patient is an unconscious adult female stroke patient. Which carry is considered very difficult to use with an unconscious person? A. Cradle B. Three-rescuer C. Shoulder D. Piggyback - Answer D. Piggyback The _____ carry must be performed in one unbroken sweep. A. pack strap B. front piggyback C. firefighter's D. four-rescue - Answer C. firefighter's
A canvas or rubberized stretcher that can be used to move a patient through a narrow hallway or restricted are is called a _____ stretcher. A. basket B. portable C. flexible D. wheeled-ambulance - Answer C. flexible A patient with obvious spinal injuries is found on the floor of a burning building. The EMT rates the situation hazardous but not yet dire. Alone and without special equipment, the EMT should use the: A. cradle carry. B. clothes drag. C. firefighter's carry. D. pack-strap method. - Answer B. clothes drag. The patient-carrying device of choice for the 20-year-old male who is dizzy by not injured is the _____ stretcher. A. portable ambulance B. wire basket C. wheeled ambulance D. slat - Answer C. wheeled ambulance
If you are an EMT with a service that does not provide the appropriate personal protective equipment, why should you serve as an advocate for this equipment? A. Your crew members could be injured unneccessarily. B. You could be seriously injured. C. An injured EMT is of little help to the patient. D. All of these are reasons to serve as an advocate. - Answer D. All of these are reasons to serve as an advocate. During an EMT call, a lethal threat is made by the 24-year-old intoxicated male. The EMT should first: A. retreat to a safe area. B. radio for assistance. C. reevaluate the situation. D. remedy the situation. - Answer A. retreat to a safe area. Of the different types of stress, which is a positive form that helps the EMT work under pressure and respond effectively? A. Eumulative stress B. Eustress C. Distress D. Critical incident stress - Answer B. Eustress
When responding to a violent situation, observation beings when you: A. enter the scene. B. exit the ambulance. C. enter the neighborhood. D. arrive at the patient's side. - Answer C. enter the neighborhood. To ensure crew safety, one member of the crew should always: A. remain in the ambulance. B. carry a portable radio. C. wear a bulletproof vest. D. carry a canister of pepper gas. - Answer B. carry a portable radio. While you are treating a patient with a severely bleeding forearm, the patient's pet dog appears. The patient states, "He won't hurt you. He's very friendly." Your best course of action would be to: A. have your partner observe the dog closely while you treat the patient. B. quickly control the bleeding; then have the dog locked in another room. C. ignore the dog because the patient assures you it is friendly and will not harm you. D. do all of these. - Answer B. quickly control the bleeding; then have the dog locked in another room.
If a patient refuses care and then becomes unconscious, it is best for the EMT to: A. refuse to treat or transport the patient. B. ask a family member for permission to treat. C. treat life-threatening problems and transport. D. contact medical direction for advice. - Answer C. treat life- threatening problems and transport. An advantage of the advance directive is that: A. the patient is not involved in making a secision about her treatment. B. the patient's expressed wishes may be followed. C. no matter what the family says, CPR is not given. D. it protects the EMT from charges of negligence. - Answer B. the patient's expressed wishes may be followed. In most cases, the oral wishes of the patient's family to withhold care are: A. all that is needed to stop CPR from being initiated. B. all that is needed to stop CPR once it is initiated. C. not a reason to withhold medical care. D. not sufficient unless they are given in writing. - Answer C. not a reason to withhold medical care.
Some EMTs participate in activities that attract legal actions, while most EMTs are rarely involved in legal entanglements. You can prevent most lawsuits if you: A. provide care within the scope of your practice. B. properly document your care. C. are courteous and respectful to all your patients. D. do all of these. - Answer D. do all of these. The negligent EMT may be required to pay for all of the following except the patient's: A. lost wages. B. medical expenses. C. pain and suffering D. health insurance costs. - Answer D. health insurance costs. Which of the following is not a function of the musculoskeletal system? A. It gives the body shape. B. It protects the internal organs. C. It provides for body movement. D. It regulates body temperature. - Answer D. It regulates body temperature. The superior portion of the sternum is called the:
A. xiphoid process. B. sternal body. C. manubrium. D. clavicle. - Answer C. manubrium. A young girl fell while ice skating and injured the protrusion on the inside of the ankle. The medical term for this location is the: A. acromion. B. medial malleolus. C. lateral malleolus. D. calcaneus. - Answer B. medial malleolus. The heart muscle has property called _____. This means that the heart has the ability to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own. A. contractibility B. automaticity C. involuntary contraction D. conductibility - Answer B. automaticity A division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions is called the _____ nervous system. A. autonomic B. central
C. sensory D. motor - Answer A. autonomic When in the anatomical position, a person is facing: A. away from you. B. the observer. C. face down. D. face up. - Answer B. the observer. In the anatomical position, the person's palms will be facing: A. forward. B. backward. C. upward. D. downward. - Answer A. forward. An anatomical term that is occasionally used to refer to the sole of the foot is: A. calcaneus. B. ventral. C. dorsal. D. plantar. - Answer D. plantar.
The bones of the cheek are called the _____ bones. A. orbit B. maxillae C. zygomatic D. mandible - Answer C. zygomatic The heart is _____ to the stomach. A. distal B. medial C. proximal D. superior - Answer D. superior When comparing body structure positions, the knees are said to be _____ to the toes, and the toes are _____ to the knees. A. inferior; superior B. proximal; distal C. distal; dorsal D. anterior; posterior - Answer B. proximal; distal A patient found lying on her back is in the _____ position. A. anatomical B. prone
C. supine D. lateral recumbent - Answer C. supine To assist in describing the location of abdominal organs, we divide the abdomen into _____ parts. A. two B. three C. four D. five - Answer C. four Your 18-year-old male patient has severe burns of the entire front (anterior) surface of the torso. The torso of the body is composed of the abdomen, pelvis, and: A. thorax. B. upper arms and legs. C. extremities. D. head. - Answer A. thorax. The heart is located in the center of the _____ cavity. A. thoracic B. cranial C. pelvic D. cardiac - Answer A. thoracic
The structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity is the: A. meninges. B. duodenum. C. diaphragm. D. spinal column. - Answer C. diaphragm. The anatomical name for the kneecap is the: A. ilium. B. malleolus. C. patella. D. phalange. - Answer C. patella. The cranium consists of the: A. facial bones. B. mandible and maxillae. C. top, back, and sides of the skull. D. zygomatic bones. - Answer C. top, back, and sides of the skull. The highest point in the shoulder is the: A. acromion process.
B. humerus. C. metatarsal. D. clavicle. - Answer A. acromion process. At the scene of a collision, an off-duty EMT provides care to the patient, acting in good faith and to the best of her abilities. In many states, this EMT is protected from care-related lawsuits by _____ laws. A. applied consent B. total immunity C. Good Samaritan D. jeopardy - Answer C. Good Samaritan When confronted with an unconscious minor without parents or a legal guardian present, the EMT should: A. seek a physician's approval before beginning care. B. consider consent for care to be implied and begin care. C. ask the child for consent and begin care. D. consider consent to be applied and begin care. - Answer B. consider consent for care to be implied and begin care. The legal concept of negligence requires that three circumstances must me demonstrated. Which of the following is not one of the three circumstances? A. The EMT had a duty to act.
B. The EMT committed a breach of duty. C. The EMT had a local duty. D. The breach of duty caused harm. - Answer C. The EMT had a local duty. A person lying on his stomach with his face down is in the _____ position. A. supine B. prone C. coma D. recovery - Answer B. prone As an EMT, you have been assigned to take a terminally ill patient back and forth to chemotherapy multiple times a week for the next few weeks. You realize that the patient has been going through emotional stages in the following order: A. depression, bargaining, denial, acceptance, anger. B. acceptance, rage, depression, acceptance, bargaining. C. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. D. bargaining, acceptance, denial, anger, depression. - Answer C. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. In 1970, the _____ was founded to establish professional standards for EMS personnel.
A. American Medical Association B. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians C. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration D. U.S. Department of Transportation - Answer B. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians Safe, reliable transportation is a critical component of an EMS system. Most patients can be transported effectively by: A. airplane. B. helicopter. C. rescue vehicle. D. ambulance. - Answer D. ambulance. An _____ is a national-level EMT who has been trained to start IVs, perform advanced airway techniques, and administer some medicines beyond the EMT. A. EMT-First Responder B. EMT-Intermediate C. EMT-Critical Care D. EMT-Paramedic - Answer B. EMT-Intermediate A continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the EMS system that require improvement is called:
A. standing orders. B. quality improvement. C. protocols. D. medical direction. - Answer B. quality improvement. A physician who assumes the ultimate responsibility for the patient- care aspects of the EMS system is called the: A. Designated Agent. B. Medical Director. C. Off-line Director. D. Primary Care Physician. - Answer B. Medical Director. Situations that are higher risks of a lawsuit against an EMS agency are: A. patients who refuse care. B. on-scene deaths. C. cardiac arrest cases. D. pedestrians struck by cars. - Answer A. patients who refuse care. The legal extent or limits of the EMT's job are formally defined by the: A. patient. B. DOT curriculum. C. state.
D. scope of practice. - Answer D. scope of practice. Which is not generally considered a sign or symptom of stress? A. Decisiveness B. Guilt C. Loss of interest in work D. Difficulty sleeping - Answer A. Decisiveness All of the following are types of calls that have a high potential for causing excessive stress except: A. calls involving infants and children. B. patients with severe injuries. C. cases of abuse and neglect. D. motor vehicle collisions. - Answer D. motor vehicle collisions. Lifestyle changes that can help the EMT deal with stress include all of the following except: A. exercise to burn off tension. B. increased consumption of fatty foods. C. decreased consumption of caffeine. D. decreased consumption of alcohol. - Answer B. increased consumption of fatty foods.
Changes in your professional life to reduce and prevent stress can include: A. requesting a change of shift or location. B. taking on another part-time position. C. working additional overtime shifts. D. requesting a busier location. - Answer A. requesting a change of shift or location. One of the functions of the integumentary system is to: A. regulate the diameter of the blood vessels in the circulation. B. eliminate excess oxygen into the atmosphere. C. allow environmental water to carefully enter the body. D. protect the body from the environment, bacteria, and other organisms. - Answer D. protect the body from the environment, bacteria, and other organisms. Stress after a major EMS incident is: A. unusual and expected. B. a sign of weakness. C. normal and to be expected. D. part of the grieving process. - Answer C. normal and to be expected.
Retreating to a world of one's own after hearing one is going to die is a result of the stage of grief called: A. bargaining. B. depression. C. denial. D. anxiety. - Answer B. depression. When a patient's lower extremities are trapped under a farm tractor, the blood supply is diminished to the cells in the legs. This injury can result in: A. no lactic acids being produced. B. anaerobic metabolism. C. no carbon dioxide being produced. D. none of these. - Answer B. anaerobic metabolism. A disease that is spread by exposure to an open wound or sore of an infected individual is caused by a(n) _____ pathogen. A. universal B. airborne C. bloodborne D. infectious - Answer C. bloodborne An infection that causes inflammation of the liver is called:
A. meningitis. B. tuberculosis. C. typhoid. D. hepatitis. - Answer D. hepatits. A disease spread by inhaling or absorbing droplets from the air through the eyes, nose, or mouth is considered: A. bloodborne. B. noncommunicable. C. airborne. D. viral. - Answer C. airborne. The communicable disease that kills the most health workers every year in the United States is: A. tuberculosis. B. HIV/AIDS. C. meningitis. D. hepatitis B virus. - Answer D. hepatitis B virus. Always assume that any patient with a: A. cold has a bloodborne disease. B. productive cough has TB. C. fever has typhoid.
D. rash has measles. - Answer B. productive cough has TB. Which of the following is not true about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? A. It attacks the immune system. B. It doesn't survive well outside the human body. C. It can be introduced through puncture wounds. D. It is an airborne pathogen. - Answer D. It is an airborne pathogen. Your patient has hepatitis B. You are accidentally stuck with a needle that has some of this patient's infected blood on it. Your chance of contracting the disease is about: A. 10 percent. B. 20 percent. C. 30 percent. D. 40 percent. - Answer C. 30 percent. Your patient has HIV. You are accidentally stuck with a needle that has some infected blood on it. Your chance of contracting the disease is about: A. 0.5 percent. B. 5 percent. C. 10 percent.