Emergency Medical Procedures and Treatments, Exams of Nursing

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NREMT EMT Cognitive Final Exam

When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should: - CORRECT ANS determine if the strength in all extremities is equal. During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should: - CORRECT ANS allow him time to think about the question and respond to it. While at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contact the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should: - CORRECT ANS use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch. The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is: - CORRECT ANS abdominal or joint pain. A severe risk of terrorist attacks is indicated by the color _____ by the Department of Homeland Security Security Advisory System. - CORRECT ANS red When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to: - CORRECT ANS report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary. Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct? - CORRECT ANS It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint. A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately: - CORRECT ANS 16 hours You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After

applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should: - CORRECT ANS leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport. You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving 100% oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing this patient's deterioration? - CORRECT ANS compression of the aorta and vena cava A 60-year-old male is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should: - CORRECT ANS begin CPR until an AED is available. Equipment and supplies that are carried on an ambulance should be stored: - CORRECT ANS according to the urgency and frequency of their use. Upon arriving at the scene of a law enforcement tactical situation, you should ensure your own safety and then: - CORRECT ANS report to the incident commander for instructions. Which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is NOT correct? - CORRECT ANS A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column. The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes: - CORRECT ANS pancreatic juice In order to evaluate hazards present at the scene and determine the number of patients, you should: - CORRECT ANS perform a 360° walk-around of the scene You are caring for a semiconscious man with left-sided paralysis. His airway is patent and his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. Treatment for this patient should include: - CORRECT ANS oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, left lateral recumbent position, and transport.

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing: - CORRECT ANS retrograde amnesia A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should: - CORRECT ANS carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline. You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight-fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should: - CORRECT ANS remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise. Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct? - CORRECT ANS Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension. The MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is: - CORRECT ANS point tenderness Which of the following conditions is more common in women than in men? - CORRECT ANS cystitis Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication: - CORRECT ANS between the skin and the muscle. Medications encased in a gelatin shell taken by mouth are called: - CORRECT ANS capsules According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA. - CORRECT ANS 1% A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: - CORRECT ANS reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

In determining the potential for a terrorist attack, you should routinely observe all of the following on every call, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS weather conditions Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct? - CORRECT ANS Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women. Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: - CORRECT ANS distention You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be MOST concerned with: - CORRECT ANS the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally. Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which: - CORRECT ANS a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae. Correct Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by: - CORRECT ANS maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible. Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? - CORRECT ANS The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen. You are summoned to a convalescent center for an 88-year-old female with an altered mental status. A staff nurse advises you that the patient has terminal cancer and her physician stated that she would probably die within the next few hours; a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order is presented to you. When caring for this patient, you should: - CORRECT ANS make her comfortable and provide emotional support. You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of

suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation? - CORRECT ANS Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan. Which of the following statements regarding the rapid extrication technique is correct? - CORRECT ANS The rapid extrication technique is indicated if the scene is unsafe and the patient is not entrapped in his or her vehicle. The six-pointed Star of Life® emblem identifies vehicles that: - CORRECT ANS meet federal specifications as licensed or certified ambulances. Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), such as Ebola, cause the blood to: - CORRECT ANS seep out of the blood vessels and tissues. To ensure that you will deliver the appropriate number of chest compressions during one-rescuer adult CPR, you should compress the patient's chest at a rate of least _______ per minute. - CORRECT ANS 100 A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should: - CORRECT ANS administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital. Which of the following conditions often requires transport to a hospital with specialized capabilities that may not be available at the closest hospital? - CORRECT ANS stroke and heart attacks Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock? - CORRECT ANS liver laceration The two MOST efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are: - CORRECT ANS sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels.

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should: - CORRECT ANS cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital. Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n): - CORRECT ANS disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" represents: - CORRECT ANS ventricular contraction A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. You apply 100% oxygen and assess her blood glucose level, which reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop: - CORRECT ANS acidosis and dehydration You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: - CORRECT ANS apply direct pressure to the wound. Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? - CORRECT ANS Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash? - CORRECT ANS aortic ruptures Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should: - CORRECT ANS apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:

• CORRECT ANS apply direct pressure to her arm wound The general adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases? - CORRECT ANS alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery The major side effect associated with ingestion of activated charcoal is: - CORRECT ANS black stools Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of: - CORRECT ANS oxycodone (Percocet). When the body loses sweat, it also loses: - CORRECT ANS electrolytes When you begin an oral report, you should state the patient's age, sex, and: - CORRECT ANS chief complaint If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: - CORRECT ANS a tourniquet proximal to the injury. Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS fructose Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure? - CORRECT ANS poisoning In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer: - CORRECT ANS may be relatively painless.

Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether: - CORRECT ANS thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours after symptoms began. You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should: - CORRECT ANS perform a rapid scan of her entire body and prepare for immediate transport. Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia? - CORRECT ANS hyperglycemia Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct? - CORRECT ANS A physical examination for a behavioral problem may be difficult to perform but may provide clues to the patient's state of mind and thought processes. The term "behavioral crisis" is MOST accurately defined as: - CORRECT ANS any reaction that interferes with activities of daily living or is deemed unacceptable by others. During two-rescuer CPR, the compressor and ventilator switch positions. While rescuer one is finishing his or her cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should: - CORRECT ANS move to the opposite side of the patient's chest. Bleeding from the nose following head trauma: - CORRECT ANS is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped. As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should: - CORRECT ANS be alert for personal hazards. Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? - CORRECT ANS substance abuse

Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder? - CORRECT ANS schizophrenia When carrying a patient on a backboard up or down stairs: - CORRECT ANS keep the head end elevated. Other than personal safety equipment, which of the following should be the MOST readily accessible item in the back of an ambulance? - CORRECT ANS bleeding control supplies When assessing a 78-year-old female who complains of shortness of breath, the EMT should: - CORRECT ANS ask her how many pillows she uses when she sleeps If a patient is being adequately ventilated with a bag-mask device attached to high-flow oxygen: - CORRECT ANS endotracheal intubation may not be necessary. Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the: - CORRECT ANS liver What should you do before attempting to access a patient trapped in a vehicle? - CORRECT ANS Ensure the vehicle is stable. Which of the following statements regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct? - CORRECT ANS MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics When ventilating an apneic adult with a simple barrier device, you should deliver each breath: - CORRECT ANS while watching for adequate chest rise Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. In addition to monitoring her ABCs,

administering oxygen, and turning up the heat in the back of the ambulance, you should: - CORRECT ANS place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. His is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes: - CORRECT ANS leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together. Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to: - CORRECT ANS blood clotting abnormalities. The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: - CORRECT ANS 90 mm Hg After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care intervention, you should: - CORRECT ANS repeat the order to medical control word for word. Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing? - CORRECT ANS blindness Elderly patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of: - CORRECT ANS age-related deterioration of their sensory systems. A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when: - CORRECT ANS a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen. A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should: - CORRECT ANS assess whether or not the patient's mental condition is impaired.

The presence of thick meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates: - CORRECT ANS that the baby's airway may be obstructed. A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes: - CORRECT ANS assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate. A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: - CORRECT ANS proximal femur What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? - CORRECT ANS allows movement of the head An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if: - CORRECT ANS authorization from medical control has been obtained. According to the terminal drop hypothesis: - CORRECT ANS mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient? - CORRECT ANS Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard. Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct? - CORRECT ANS PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the: - CORRECT ANS liver Which of the following is a function of the upper airway? - CORRECT ANS warms and humidifies inhaled air

Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is: - CORRECT ANS sitting up at a 45° angle. Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS ensuring the absence of a gag reflex. When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is MOST important for the EMT to: - CORRECT ANS leave the toes exposed. When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient's wishes cannot be located, the EMT should: - CORRECT ANS attempt to resuscitate the patient The most significant risk factor of hemorrhagic stroke - CORRECT ANS hypertension The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by: - CORRECT ANS possible spinal injury In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway? - CORRECT ANS a 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS drowsiness A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to: - CORRECT ANS record the time and dose of the injection, and transport promptly.

Assessing the blood pressure and oxygen saturation of a patient with a behavioral crisis should be performed: - CORRECT ANS if doing so will not worsen his or her emotional distress. Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? - CORRECT ANS bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min, his Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is: - CORRECT ANS 9 A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his′ chest. You should: - CORRECT ANS rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live. After ________ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is likely. - CORRECT ANS 6 Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct? - CORRECT ANS Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition. If a technical rescue team is required at the scene, but is not present when you arrive, you should: - CORRECT ANS check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route. You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest. You should: - CORRECT ANS quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct? - CORRECT ANS Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT should: - CORRECT ANS stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops. Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? - CORRECT ANS Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons. You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high- flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should: - CORRECT ANS remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport. The musculoskeletal system refers to the: - CORRECT ANS bones and voluntary muscles of the body The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is: - CORRECT ANS depression Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct? - CORRECT ANS Rape is a legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis. A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should: - CORRECT ANS stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible. Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients: - CORRECT ANS with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume. What is the approximate blood volume of a 75-kg adult? - CORRECT ANS 5.25 L

When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: - CORRECT ANS age- related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears. The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by: - CORRECT ANS chronic stretching of the alveolar walls. Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status? - CORRECT ANS a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness Ventricular tachycardia is characterized by: - CORRECT ANS wide QRS complexes and a heart rate greater than 100 beats/min. Which of the following cardiac arrhythmias is characterized by a complete absence of myocardial electrical and mechanical activity? - CORRECT ANS assystole When perfusion to the core of the body decreases: - CORRECT ANS blood is shunted away from the skin. You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. Initial management for this patient should include: - CORRECT ANS assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device. Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway? - CORRECT ANS stridor A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to: - CORRECT ANS follow standard precautions

The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered. - CORRECT ANS form Delivering a patient to the hospital involves all of the following activities, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS giving a verbal report to the triage clerk. Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ____________ elder abuse. - CORRECT ANS physical The systemic veins function by: - CORRECT ANS returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart. When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should: - CORRECT ANS palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful. Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because: - CORRECT ANS of the risk for airway problems. Which of the following statements regarding transport of patients from a mass-casualty incident or disaster site is correct? - CORRECT ANS Immediate-priority patients should be transported two at a time. Talking about an elderly patient in front of him or her to other members of the family: - CORRECT ANS may cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions. Information included in a radio report to the receiving hospital should include all of the following, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS a preliminary diagnosis of the patient's problem.

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct? - CORRECT ANS The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of: - CORRECT ANS congestive heart failure. As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of: - CORRECT ANS another EMT Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: - CORRECT ANS place him or her on a firm surface. Minimum airway and ventilation equipment that should be carried on every ambulance include all of the following, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS Combitubes or laryngeal mask airways. You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that: - CORRECT ANS the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration Which of the following is an example of a brand (trade) name of a drug? - CORRECT ANS Tylenol Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include: - CORRECT ANS tachycardia The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: - CORRECT ANS 70 beats/min. Asthma is caused by a response of the: - CORRECT ANS immune system When introduced into the body, ricin causes: - CORRECT ANS pulmonary edema and circulatory failure.

Which of the following situations would require the use of a specialized rescue team? - CORRECT ANS a patient trapped in a cave or a confined space With proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weighs up to ______ lb. - CORRECT ANS 220 Which of the following statements regarding the use of the warning lights and siren on the ambulance is correct? - CORRECT ANS If it is necessary to use the siren, you should tell the patient beforehand. A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called: - CORRECT ANS reflective listening Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall? - CORRECT ANS a 4 6″′ patient who fell 13′ Hemoglobin is: - CORRECT ANS found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess: - CORRECT ANS eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum: - CORRECT ANS is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation. As the first arriving emergency responder at the scene of a suspected terrorist or WMD incident, you should request additional resources as needed and then: - CORRECT ANS function as the incident commander until additional personnel arrive. Which of the following org CORRECT ANS is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture? - CORRECT ANS urinary bladder

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when: - CORRECT ANS the normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery. The term primigravida refers to a woman who: - CORRECT ANS is pregnant for the first time Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as: - CORRECT ANS knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: - CORRECT ANS close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing. Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma? - CORRECT ANS rapid transport to a trauma center Early signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS jaundice and abdominal pain. The function of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) is to: - CORRECT ANS prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents. When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant: - CORRECT ANS remains in motion until acted upon by an external force. Which of the following MOST accurately describes a mass-casualty incident? - CORRECT ANS an incident that greatly taxes or depletes a system's available resources

When assessing a patient with a hemothorax, you will MOST likely find: - CORRECT ANS signs and symptoms of shock. During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct? - CORRECT ANS The 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection. Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct? - CORRECT ANS Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours. If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should: - CORRECT ANS provide ventilations for 30 seconds If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting: - CORRECT ANS the patient history A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a: - CORRECT ANS distal humerus fracture The white portion of the eye is called the: - CORRECT ANS sclera A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing: - CORRECT ANS septic shock Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS hematemesis.

Early signs and symptoms of smallpox include all of the following, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS skin blisters When a person is standing upright, the weight of anything being lifted and carried in the hands is FIRST reflected onto the: - CORRECT ANS shoulder girdle A positive TB skin test indicates that: - CORRECT ANS you have been exposed to the disease A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should: - CORRECT ANS try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume It is not uncommon for young females who experience their first menstrual period to: - CORRECT ANS experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: - CORRECT ANS assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities. Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when: - CORRECT ANS blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes: - CORRECT ANS attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated.

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: - CORRECT ANS cardiogenic hypoperfusion. You and your partner are dispatched to a residence for an "ill person." When you arrive, you find that the patient, a 44-year-old man, does not speak English. There are no relatives or bystanders present who can act as an interpreter. You should: - CORRECT ANS use short, simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the patient's complaint. A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when: - CORRECT ANS a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected: - CORRECT ANS cervical spine injuries. The signs and symptoms of insulin shock are the result of: - CORRECT ANS decreased blood glucose levels In contrast to simple access, complex access: - CORRECT ANS involves forcible entry into a vehicle The rescue team is in the process of extricating a 40-year-old male from his truck. The patient's wife, who was uninjured in the crash, is calmly observing the extrication and asks you if her husband will be all right. You should: - CORRECT ANS ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene. The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS systolic blood pressure. The onset of menstruation is called menarche and usually occurs in women who are: - CORRECT ANS between 11 and 16 years of age

The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by: - CORRECT ANS immediate reassessment following the intervention According to the Association of Air Medical Services (AAMS), you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if: - CORRECT ANS traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome. General guidelines for safe ambulance driving include all of the following, EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANS regularly using the siren as much as possible. The upper jawbones are called the: - CORRECT ANS maxillae When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease, you should: - CORRECT ANS adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations. You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should: - CORRECT ANS repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself. Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as: - CORRECT ANS red areas of skin Which of the following org CORRECT ANS would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured? - CORRECT ANS liver Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called: - CORRECT ANS tendons

Which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is MOST correct? - CORRECT ANS Standing over a child often increases his or her level of anxiety. Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process? - CORRECT ANS The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling. The bones of the forearm are called the: - CORRECT ANS radius and ulna. Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n): - CORRECT ANS laryngeal fracture. You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he: - CORRECT ANS has a history of eye surgeries. You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: - CORRECT ANS administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. Which of the following chemicals is a nerve agent? - CORRECT ANS soman The heart muscle is called the: - CORRECT ANS myocardium Which of the following is the MOST reliable method of estimating a patient's cardiac output? - CORRECT ANS Assess the heart rate and strength of the pulse.

An elderly patient may understate or minimize the symptoms of his or her illness because: - CORRECT ANS he or she fears hospitalization. While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should: - CORRECT ANS push the infant's head away from the cord When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should: - CORRECT ANS keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words The chief component of connective tissues and bones that deteriorates as people age is called: - CORRECT ANS collagen The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if: - CORRECT ANS pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available When a female has reached menarche: - CORRECT ANS she is capable of becoming pregnant Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include: - CORRECT ANS restlessness A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture. - CORRECT ANS pathologic Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct? - CORRECT ANS The protruding org CORRECT ANS should be kept warm and moist Phosphorus or elemental sodium should be brushed off of the skin instead of irrigated with water because: - CORRECT ANS these chemicals may ignite upon contact with water.