Emergency Medical Responder Knowledge Assessment, Exams of Nursing

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EMT Section 3 Questions With Complete Solutions A 1 month old infant has bluish coloration of the hands and feet. You should Correct Answer recognize that acrocyanosis can be a normal finding for this age group. A 17 year old female is complaining of difficulty breathing and pruritus. Her vital signs are BP 80 mmHg systolic, P 110, R 32 with a SpO2 of 92% on room air. You note urticaria and stridor. First, you should Correct Answer administer her EpiPen. A 21-year-old female has called EMS for severe right-sided abdominal pain. What questions should be asked first? Correct Answer "Does the pain radiate into your back?" A 24 year old male is reported to have difficulty breathing. You note retractions and bilateral wheezing as you approach the patient. First, you should Correct Answer determine responsiveness. A 4 year old male is in respiratory distress. His vital signs are BP 100/50, P 122, R 32 with a SpO2 of 93% on room air. You not drooling and stridor. You should suspect Correct Answer epiglottitis A 44 year old male is complaining of chest pain. His vital signs are BP 134/88, P 88, R 24 with a SpO2 of 94% on room air. First, you should give Correct Answer nitroglycerin. A 44 year old male is complaining of difficulty breathing. His vital signs are BP 128/82, P 92, R 28 with a SpO2 of 94% on

room air. You hear bilateral wheezing on auscultation and note urticaria. You should suspect Correct Answer anaphylaxis. A 44-year-old female was hiking in a state park when she was bitten by a snake in her left calf. To get help, she had to hike 4 miles to the first-aid station where you are located. The hike took her 1½ hours. Your assessment reveals a red and swollen area to her leg, and she complains of discomfort to that area. Closer inspection reveals two puncture wounds in the center of the affected area. She asks you if she is going to die from the snake bite. Which one of the following is the best reply? Correct Answer "You need to get checked out, but if venom was injected, the signs and symptoms of a generalized reaction typically appear very quickly." A 44-year-old male had a pesticide splashed into his eyes. Aside from local irritation and damage to the eyes, he also suffered systemic complications since the pesticide entered and was circulated throughout his body. When completing the prehospital care report, the EMT would note the route of exposure as: Correct Answer absorption. A 48 year old female is complaining of chest pain. Her vital signs are BP 92 mmHg systolic, P 102, R 24 with a SpO2 of 94% on room air. First, you should Correct Answer give ASA PO. A 56 year old male is complaining of difficulty breathing. His vital signs are BP 142/88, P 90, R 28 with an SpO2 of 95% on room air. You note angioedema. He states that he recently

started taking Lisinopril. You should suspect Correct Answer anaphylactoid reaction. A 57-year-old diver has been brought to the surface by fellow divers. He is complaining of difficulty breathing, dizziness, and severe chest pain. He states that he has a cardiac history and takes nitroglycerin, which is in his belongings nearby. Emergency Medical Responders report the following vital signs: pulse 128, respirations 18, blood pressure 88/56 mmHg, and SpO2 at 96%. After applying oxygen to the patient, your next action should be to: Correct Answer perform a secondary assessment. A 58 year old male is complaining of chest pain. His vital signs are BP 100 mmHg systolic, P 58, R 24 with a SpO2 of 94% on room air. He has no medical history and takes no medicaitons. Which of the following is contradicted for this patient? Correct Answer Nitroglycerin A 72 year old female is complaining of difficulty breathing. Her vital signs are BP 142/78, P 92, R 28 with a SpO2 of 92% on room air. You hear crackles on the right side only. The patient is febrile and lethargic. You should suspect Correct Answer COPD. A 76 year old female is complaining of chest pain. Her vital signs are BP 94 mmHg systolic, P 98, R 32 with a SpO2 of 94% on room air. She was discharged from the hospital earlier in the day after being treated for a bleeding ulcer. You should Correct Answer give ASA PO.

A 91 year old female has fallen down a flight of steps and is unresponsive. You hear gurgling respirations. First, you should Correct Answer suction. A chemical agent used by terrorists is described as having a high volatility. You should recognize this as meaning that the chemical is Correct Answer easily evaporated. A confused and lethargic patient reports that she took a large number of antianxiety pills because she was angry with her husband. Her airway is patent and her breathing is adequate. Her pulse is normal and skin is warm and dry. During your reassessment, she reports that she is now dizzy and feels extremely nauseated. The EMT would immediately: Correct Answer place her in a lateral recumbent position. A confused patient with a tracheostomy tube is breathing shallowly at 8 times per minute. He is nonverbal because of the tracheostomy and has an SpO2 at 81% on room air. Your immediate action would be to: Correct Answer attach a bag- valve device to the trachea and start ventilation. A female patient has developed bacterial peritonitis after sustaining blunt trauma to the abdomen. Damage to what organ was most likely responsible for this condition? Correct Answer Small intestine A fisherman fell through the ice and was submerged in a lake for approximately 4 minutes before being pulled out by friends. You find the man to be unresponsive, not breathing, and without a

pulse. Which one of the following should you do immediately? Correct Answer Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A glucometer reads 50 mg/dL for an adult patient. The EMT would recognize this as Correct Answer low. A hypothermic patient is in cardiac arrest. The automated external defibrillator (AED) is applied and delivers one shock. Which one of the following actions would the EMT perform next? Correct Answer Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A patient has an altered mental status accompanied by loss of motor function on one side of the body. The EMT must suspect what condition as the cause of this presentation? Correct Answer Stroke A patient is complaining of extreme dizziness and headache. Which one of the following conditions is most likely to be responsible for this complaint? Correct Answer Occlusion of the carotid arteries A patient is experiencing the backup of blood and fluid in her lung tissue. This is mostly likely caused by inadequate function of the Correct Answer left atrium. A patient is hemorrhaging internally within his colon, therein impairing perfusion to the cells of his body. Aside from the bleeding, the patient has no other problems. In this scenario, the problem impairing adequate perfusion would be: Correct Answer decreased blood volume.

A patient who is conscious and breathing has been pulled from a stream of cold water. To decrease her loss of heat via the mechanism of conduction, the EMT should immediately: Correct Answer remove her wet clothing. A patient who is responsive to painful stimuli has a patent airway, inadequate respirations at 28 per minute, and a strong radial pulse with skin that is warm and dry. The patient is not moving his right arm or leg and is incontinent of urine. Which one of the following should the EMT do first? Correct Answer Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask. A patient with a history of hepatitis C has called 911 because he has a headache. Given the complaint and medical history, which one of the following is most appropriate? Correct Answer Gloves A patient with difficulty breathing has a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which of the following medications is the MDI most likely to contain? Correct Answer Albuterol A postictal patient is awake but has trouble answering your questions correctly. Given this presentation, the EMT would recognize that: Correct Answer another seizure is coming. A young man has been struck by lightning on a golf course and is in cardiac arrest. Other golfers say that he was struck about 10 minutes ago. Which one of the following should you do immediately? Correct Answer Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

According to the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale, which of the following must be assessed? Correct Answer Facial droop Albuterol is classified as a(n) Correct Answer beta 2 selective agonist. An 81 year old female is complaining of abdominal pain. Her vital signs are BP 132/88, P 92, R 20 with a SpO2 of 95% on room air. First, you should Correct Answer determine if she is a medical or trauma patient. An 84 year old male is complaining of respiratory distress. His vital signs are BP 142/76, P 102, R 34 with a SpO2 of 94% on room air. You should Correct Answer administer NTG SL. An adult, alert patient may refuse Correct Answer any or all treatments as well as transport. An alert 54 year old female is complaining of abdominal pain. Her vital signs are BP 98 mmHg systolic, P 102, R 28 with a SpO2 of 94% on room air. She has a 3 day history of GI bleeding. You should Correct Answer withold oxygen. An alert 56 year old male is complaining of chest pain. His vital signs are BP 220/102, P 104, R 34 with a SpO2 of 93% on room air. He is refusing transport even after you explained the risks. You should Correct Answer obtain a refusal signature from the patient and leave the scene. An alert and oriented 45-year-old female patient is complaining of shortness of breath. Although her respiratory volume and rate

are satisfactory, you note cyanosis in her fingertips. Which one of the following should be your next action? Correct Answer Administer supplemental oxygen. An altered 17 year old male is bleeding profusely after falling through a glass window. You should suspect that he is experiencing Correct Answer compensated shock. An altered 26 year old male is bleeding from the left femoral artery after a car crash. His vital signs are BP 80 mmHg systolic, P 132, R 30 with an SpO2 of 94% on room air. You should suspect Correct Answer increasing acidosis. An altered 28 year old female is having difficulty breathing. Her vital signs are BP 110/62, P 96, R 24. You note cyanosis and retractions. You should give supplemental oxygen with a Correct Answer BVM. An altered 34 year old female is having difficulty breathing. Her vital signs are BP 122/78, P 102, R 22. First, you should Correct Answer give oxygen via NRB. An EMT may give epinephrine by which route? Correct Answer Intramuscular (IM) An unresponsive 23 year old female is trapped inside of a car after a crash. The rear of the car is off the ground and resting against a utility pole. The front of the car is smoking. You should Correct Answer request the fire department and rescue technicians.

An unresponsive 94 year old male was alert and slurring his speech just prior to your arrival. He has a strong carotid pulse. You note gurgling respirations. First, you should Correct Answer suction. As a general rule, a postictal patient should be placed on the stretcher and transported in what position? Correct Answer Lateral recumbent As an EMT, you may assist the patient in taking which of the following prescribed medications? Correct Answer Inhalers used for difficulty breathing As you arrive on scene, an Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient has agonal respirations. By this description, you would expect the patient's breathing to be: Correct Answer deep and gasping. At a large scale fire incident, you are initiating the of a firefighter to the hospital for heat exhaustion. Whom should you report this action to over the radio? Correct Answer Operations Unit Leader At the scene of a multiple-casualty incident, you are triaging a patient using the Simple Triage and Rapid Transport (START) system. You are presented with a patient who is not breathing. Which one of the following should you do next? Correct Answer Place a red tag on the patient. Auscultation of breath sounds in a patient complaining of shortness of breath reveals wheezing. Which one of the

following conditions is responsible for this finding? Correct Answer Bronchiole constriction Chest pain is also called Correct Answer angina. Emergency Medical Responders inform you that a 27-year-old male with altered mental status has an open airway and is breathing 9 times every 30 seconds. His pulse rate is 40 beats per minute, and he has bruises to his chest. Based on this information, the EMT should recognize the: Correct Answer respiratory rate as normal. For cells to undergo the process of aerobic metabolism, the cells require Correct Answer oxygen and glucose. For routine disinfection of a stethoscope after each call, the EMT should Correct Answer wipe it with a solution of one part water and 10 parts bleach. How should an EMT assist a patient in taking his epinephrine auto-injector? Correct Answer Press the injector onto the lateral thigh, and wait for it to automatically inject. If you walk close to downed power lines before realizing that the lines are in contact with the ground, you should Correct Answer walk away from the lines taking small steps. In what form is oral glucose packaged? Correct Answer Gel

In which one of the following body systems are the thyroid glands, adrenal glands, pituitary glands, and gonads associated? Correct Answer Endocrine In which situation would the EMT contact medical direction prior to administering epinephrine to a patient suffering an anaphylactic reaction? Correct Answer The patient is not prescribed an auto-injector. Involuntary or smooth muscles are found on which one of the following structures? Correct Answer Blood vessels and intestines Nitroglycerin is a(n) Correct Answer vasodilator. Of the four patients listed below, which one should be categorized as the highest priority for transport? Correct Answer Pregnant female with a history of seizures who is seizing On scene you assisted a patient with his epinephrine auto- injector after he was stung multiple times by bees. You are now transporting the patient to the hospital. As you reassess the patient, which one of the following signs would best indicate that the epinephrine is benefiting the patient? Correct Answer Decreasing wheezing Organisms that cause diseases are correctly called: Correct Answer pathogens.

Patients with an altered mental status due to a stroke may NOT be able to control their own airways because of Correct Answer paralysis of the throat muscles. Regarding the pathophysiology underlying anaphylaxis, which of the following is true? Correct Answer Histamine causes the capillaries to become leaky. The alveoli of a patient's lungs are filled with fluid and pus secondary to pneumonia. For which of the following is the patient at risk? Correct Answer Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body The bones of the upper extremities include Correct Answer humerus and radius. The chemical mediators released during anaphylaxis cause Correct Answer vasoconstriction. The correct adult dose for epinephrine 1:1000 for anaphylaxis is Correct Answer 0.3-0.5 mg IM The EMT should perform an urgent move when the Correct Answer patient is suffering from an immediate threat to life. The EMT should recognize heat cramps as the probable cause of a patient's problem when the patient states: Correct Answer "I have pain in my belly and legs."

The EMT shows correct understanding of the circulatory system when he identifies the primary function of the heart as Correct Answer pumping blood throughout the body. The EMT shows she is correctly administering aspirin to a patient with chest pain when she provides: Correct Answer 325 mg of baby aspirin and instructs the patient to chew it. The family of an 87-year-old female has called 911. She is confused and exhibiting improper and out of character behavior. They inform you that she is a diabetic, but takes pills and not insulin. They also state that he has been complaining of dizziness and has been drinking water nonstop as well as urinating. Assessment reveals adequate breathing, skin that is cool, and a radial pulse that is rapid and weak. Based on this history, you should be suspicious of and treat her for: Correct Answer elevated blood sugar. The left atrium Correct Answer receives blood from the pulmonary veins. The PCR should be completed for a transported patient Correct Answer anytime before you are relieved at the next shift change. The spinal column is composed of what sections as described from superior to inferior? Correct Answer Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx The terms occipital, parietal, and frontal refer to which part of the body? Correct Answer Cranium

Throughout a radio transmission to the dispatch center, the EMT periodically uses the term "break." You should recognize this to mean he is: Correct Answer purposely pausing his transmission. To best evaluate the adequacy of breathing in an unresponsive adult, the EMT should: Correct Answer observe the chest rise. To improve physical fitness and decrease the risk of injury when lifting and moving patients, you should combine good body mechanics with Correct Answer proper nutrition. What is the correct dose for ASA for ACS? Correct Answer 160-325 mg PO What is the correct dose for aspirin for an adult patient with signs and symptoms of ACS? Correct Answer 160-325 mg PO What is the key difference between a syncopal patient and a postictal patient? Correct Answer The syncopal patient becomes alert quickly after becoming supine. What is the pediatric dose for nebulized albuterol? Correct Answer 0.15 mg/kg What type of seizure causes the patient to seem awake, but not respond normally to others? Correct Answer Absence What would cause you to start transporting a critically injured patient to a local hospital (not equipped for major trauma)

instead of waiting on a helicopter for rapid transport to a trauma center 50 miles away? Correct Answer Start of lightning and poor weather When a person's diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles pull the ribs upward, which one of the following will occur? Correct Answer Air will flow into the lungs. When administering oral glucose to a diabetic patient, the EMT must take precautions to prevent what adverse effect? Correct Answer Airway obstruction When assessing a 3-year-old male in respiratory distress, the EMT should recognize "see-saw" breathing when he observes: Correct Answer movement of the chest and abdomen in opposite directions. When assessing a 5-month-old baby girl, you note that she cries when her mother holds her, but is quiet and at peace when her father takes her. Assessment reveals no outward problems. Based on your knowledge of psychosocial development, which of the following is a likely explanation? Correct Answer The father is most likely the baby's primary caregiver. When assessing a neonate, which of the following would deserve closer investigation? Correct Answer Heart rate of 92 beats per minute When assessing a patient's pulse, you note that it is irregular. To get an accurate heart rate, you would: Correct Answer count the number of beats that occur in 1 minute.

When reviewing a prehospital care report, you note that a patient received nitroglycerin sublingually. As an EMT, you should recognize that the medication was a Correct Answer tablet placed under the tongue. When the cells undergo normal metabolism, which one of the following occurs? Correct Answer Heat, carbon dioxide, and water are produced. When using a stroke scale to assess a patient for abnormal speech, the EMT should: Correct Answer ask the patient to repeat a common phrase. Which item best describes use of a weapon of mass destruction? Correct Answer Death of 49 people in a crowded mall following intentional dispersal of an unknown bacteria Which of the following is a contraindication for albuterol? Correct Answer Arrhythmias Which of the following is a contraindication for aspirin? Correct Answer Hemorrhage Which of the following is a contraindication for nitroglycerin? Correct Answer A blood pressure of 100/ Which of the following is a contraindication to epinephrine? Correct Answer Obstructive shock

Which of the following is a known side effect of aspirin? Correct Answer tinnitus. Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke? Correct Answer Chronically irregular pulse Which of the following is the key sign that indicates that a patient has progressed from a moderate allergic reaction into anaphylaxis? Correct Answer Wheezing Which of the following medications should be administered by the EMT only if the patient has a prescription for it? Correct Answer Nitroglycerin Which of the following occurs when a SCUBA diver remains too deep for too long? Correct Answer Bends Which of the following patient triage tags indicates the lowest priority for care and transport on the scene of a multiple-casualty incident? Correct Answer Black Which of the following statements made by the EMT indicates that he has appropriately initiated the first phase of the patient assessment? Correct Answer "The scene appears to be free of hazards." Which of the following statements shows an understanding of assessment findings related to stroke? Correct Answer "If one arm is weak, a stroke should be suspected."

Which one of the following best describes the purpose of the five rights of drug administration? Correct Answer Decreases the risk of a medication error Which one of the following best describes why the EMT administers or assists with the administration of medications? Correct Answer To stabilize a patient's medical condition Which one of the following conditions is most likely to cause acidosis? Correct Answer Depressed respirations Which one of the following describes the most objective finding made while assessing a patient? Correct Answer Blood pressure of 114/68 mmHg Which one of the following is an appropriate outcome of a project undertaken by the quality improvement committee? Correct Answer Community drives to raise money for a new EMS station Which one of the following is the fluid that carries blood cells and nutrients? Correct Answer Plasma Which one of the following is the primary stimulus to breathe in normal human beings? Correct Answer Level of CO2 in the body Which one of the following patients should be classified as suffering from status epilepticus? Correct Answer 57-year-old female who seized during the entire news program

Which one of the following statements about EMS in the United States is true? Correct Answer Each state has governmental control of its own EMS system, independent of the federal government. Which one of the following statements about immersion hypothermia is false? Correct Answer "Immersion hypothermia typically does not occur until the water temperature is below 35°F." Which one of the following would lead the EMT to suspect that a patient is suffering from hypoglycemia? Correct Answer A rapid onset of altered mental status Which pathophysiology produces hallucinations? Correct Answer Schizophrenia Which plane would show a cross section of the liver, stomach, and spleen? Correct Answer Transverse plane Which statement made by an EMT shows that he understands the care of a patient with a localized cold injury to the foot? Correct Answer "Gentle massage of the foot has been shown to help the patient since this enhances the circulation of warm blood to the cold area." While off duty, you stop at a car crash and render medical aid to a patient. The patient dies while in your care. You will be somewhat protected from a lawsuit by Correct Answer the Good Samaritan Act.

While you are transporting a patient with altered mental status, he suddenly vomits partially digested food along with large blood clots. The vomitus is too big for the rigid suction catheter. The EMT should immediately place the patient on his side and: Correct Answer perform a finger sweep. You are assessing a 4-year-old patient whose panicked mother states that she cannot wake him. The child is breathing but his eyes are closed. To best determine the child's mental status, you should first: Correct Answer say loudly, "Open your eyes!" You are assisting a patient in taking her metered-dose inhaler for the first time. Which one of the following statements about the side effects of the medication would be most appropriate? Correct Answer "You may feel anxious and your heart rate may increase." You are by the side of a male patient who was deep sea diving earlier in the day. The 32-year-old informs you that he thinks he pulled a muscle in his shoulder, which has been hurting more as the day goes on. When questioned, he admits to having a headache and blurred vision. You are suspicious of decompression sickness. Which one of the following statements made by the patient would be most significant given the situation? Correct Answer "I saw a shark and came up as fast as I could." You are by the side of a young male patient with a history of behavioral problems. Friends called 911 after the patient experienced several violent outbursts this evening. Which finding would cause you to suspect a physical cause for this

behavior, as opposed to a behavioral one? Correct Answer Dilated pupils that are sluggish to react You are caring for a 46-year-old male patient who is unresponsive. Which one of the following statements made by your partner indicates the need to immediately stop suctioning the patient's airway and resume positive pressure ventilation? Correct Answer "His heart rate is 48 beats per minute." You are caring for an 18-day-old boy with inadequate respirations. What instruction would you provide to your new partner as she is ventilating him with the bag-valve mask? Correct Answer "Squeeze the bag just enough so that you get a nice rise and fall of his chest." You are caring for an alert and oriented patient with chest pain. He is receiving supplemental oxygen, and two nitroglycerin tablets and aspirin have been administered. Currently, his vital signs are pulse 76, respirations 16, blood pressure 110/56, and SpO2 95%. When transporting him on the stretcher, which position is best? Correct Answer Position of comfort You are reviewing a prehospital care report for a patient with altered mental status that occurred after he took too much insulin. Based on this information, you should assume that at the time of EMS contact, the patient's blood sugar level was probably Correct Answer low. You are treating an 82-year-old female who is having trouble hearing some of your questions. What technique would be best

in helping you get her past medical history? Correct Answer Speak clearly and slowly. You are working the scene of a collision involving a tractor trailer that is hauling an unknown chemical. After it has been determined that no material has been spilled, the rescue chief asks you to get the truck's shipping papers. Where would these most likely be located? Correct Answer Cab of the truck You have been asked to speak to a local EMT class about caring for the patient over the age of 60 years. When presenting your material, what point would you emphasize? Correct Answer The majority of persons in this age group enjoy independent living. You have been called for a 47-year-old female who has "passed out." As you enter the patient's apartment, you find her supine on the living room floor with a cool wash cloth on her forehead. She states that she was standing and talking on the telephone when everything went dark. When she came to, she was on the floor. What should be your first action? Correct Answer Provide manual C-spine immobilization. You have been called for a patient who has overdosed on drugs and alcohol. The patient is responsive to painful stimuli and is breathing shallowly at 8 times per minute, but exhibits no cyanosis. You should recognize and do which one of the following? Correct Answer Inadequate respirations; start positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen.

You have been called to a public bus station for a behavioral emergency. On scene you find a disheveled male in his forties sitting up against a wall. He is confused and incontinent. Bystanders state that he suddenly began to stumble around, shouting obscenities, and then fell to the ground spitting and shaking. From this description, the EMT should be suspicious of what condition? Correct Answer Generalized seizure You have been called to an office building for a 47-year-old male complaining of chest pain. He is alert, oriented, and complaining of pain in his chest that came on suddenly about 15 minutes ago. His skin is diaphoretic and cool. Which one of the following should you do first? Correct Answer Obtain a heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and SpO2 reading. You have been trained to the level of OSHA "First Responder Awareness." Regarding this level of training, which of the following activities are you qualified to perform? Correct Answer Recognize a potential hazardous materials emergency and call for the appropriate resources. You have just arrived by the side of a 68-year-old male complaining of chest pain. After determining his airway is patent and breathing adequate, it is imperative that you perform which action next? Correct Answer Obtain a full set of vital signs. You should expect albuterol to cause Correct Answer tachycardia.

You suspect that a patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is suffering from right ventricular disease. From your assessment, which of the following findings reinforce this suspicion? Correct Answer Edema to the feet