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EMT Final Written Exam with Correct

Answers

calculate the percentage of a thermal burn, based off of the rule of nines for an infant - ✔✔-Head - 18

• Front - 18
• Back - 18
• Arms - 9
• Legs - 13.
• Groin - 1 causes of hypovolemic shock - ✔✔low fluid loss of blood thermal burns dehydration heat exhaustion causes of hypoxia - ✔✔pulmonary edema hay fever pleural effusion obstruction of airway

hyperventilation syndrome drug overdose carbon monoxide poisoning common medical disorders associated with geriatric patients conditions

• ✔✔-Hypertension
• Arthritis
• Heart disease
• Cancer
• Diabetes mellitus
• Asthma components of scene size up - ✔✔PPE scene safe moi/noi

of patients

call ALS and transport consider spine stabilization DCAP-BTLS - ✔✔D-deformities C-contusions A- avulsions

define diastolic blood pressure - ✔✔its when the ventricles relax define federal communications commission - ✔✔The federal agency that has jurisdiction over interstate and International telephone and telegraph services and satellite communications all of which may involve Ems activity define good Samaritan law - ✔✔protecting citizens when trying to help with treating someone but remaining in their scope of practice define jaundice - ✔✔yellow pigment Define Kussmaul's breathing pattern - ✔✔diabetic ketoacidios ; deep in labor define medical director - ✔✔The physician who authorizes or delegates to the EMT the authority to provide medical care in the field. define paradoxical chest wall motion - ✔✔Abnormal movement of a flail segment define precipitous delivery - ✔✔expulsion of the fetus within less than 3 hours of commencement of regular contractions

define profusion - ✔✔circulation of oxygenated blood define pulmonary edema - ✔✔buildup of fluid in the lungs usually as a result of congestive heart failure define SIDS - ✔✔Sudden infant death syndrome define spontaneous abortion - ✔✔Miscarriage; death of the fetus before 20 weeks define stridor - ✔✔harsh sound in the lungs during inhalation define systolic blood pressure - ✔✔the contractions of the ventricles define the function of the gallbladder - ✔✔Sac under the liver collects and stores bile from the liver until it is released into the duodenum to aid in digestion of fats define the platelets and white blood cells - ✔✔platelets are responsible for the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding

describe classification, mechanism of action, and initial dose: albuterol - ✔✔Classification: bronchodilator Mechanism: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation initial does: metered dose inhaler describe classification, mechanism of action, and initial dose: Asprin - ✔✔classification: antiplatelet, analgesic, nonsterodial anti- inflammatory Mechanism: decreases synthesis of thromboxane A prevents platelets from clumping; decreasing formation of new blood clots initial dose: 4 81 mg (324mg) describe classification, mechanism of action, and initial dose: Epinephrine - ✔✔classification: bronchodilator, sympathomimetic Mechanism: causes bronchodilation increases heart rate contracts blood vessels causing increased blood pressure Initial dose: .3 mg for adult, .15 mg for child describe classification, mechanism of action, and initial dose: glucose - ✔✔Classification: carbohydrate, oral hyperglycemia

Mechanism: increases glucose blood level provides glucose for cellular metabolism initial dose:15 gram tablet or pouch 25 grams tablets or pouch describe classification, mechanism of action, and initial dose: naloxone - ✔✔Classification: narcotic antagonist mechanism: inhibits binding of a narcotic to a cellular receptor site reverse central nervous system depression reverses respiratory depression initial dose: 2.0 mg/2.0 lm prefilled syringe with a mucosal atomizer device 2.0 mg auto-injector describe classification, mechanism of action, and initial dose: Nitroglycerin - ✔✔Classification: Vasodilator Mechanism: relaxes the muscular walls relaxes the arteries throughout the body results in less blood return to the heart decreases blood pressure initial Dose: .4 mg tablet multi-dose spray bottle (0.4 mg / single spray)

describe how to preform a patient refusal - ✔✔continue to try to persuade the patient in to going in if ems feel necessary if continues to refuse call medical director describe how to preform encircling chest compression - ✔✔wrap your hands around the infant, and give compressions with both of your thumbs. describe management for an unconscious adult with snoring representations - ✔✔CPAP describe management of child abuse - ✔✔Don't accuse anyone in the field. Follow state laws and local regulations. Document objective information (what you see and hear, not what you merely think) describe rational for restraining and immobilizing an adult with threatening behavior - ✔✔a patient is engaging in combative behavior, you and your partner's safety must be a top priority. Reduces the possibility of patient injury

describe the function of the epiglottis - ✔✔is the flap that allows air into the trachea and stops food and liquid from entering the air way describe the function pre-hospital care report - ✔✔to ensure the on coming crew or hospital knows what the patient is complaining of and how they were treated describe the purpose of an AED - ✔✔to get the heart from v-fib or V- tach to asystole rhythm by delivering appropriate electrical shock difficulty with the BVM - ✔✔getting a seal with one hand, and squeezing the bag with the other and maintaining good compliance equipment used for splinting - ✔✔inflatable vacuum, cardboard, plastic, foam-covered wire ladder or aluminum alloy, or padded board bandages and roller Short backboard/short immobilization device Long backboard extraction and rescue process - ✔✔1. Preparation

2. En route to scene
3. Arrival and scene size-up
4. Hazard control
5. Support operations

The left ventricle contracts and moves the oxygenated blood through the aortic valve and out the aorta function of the aorta - ✔✔puts oxygenated blood through out the body Function of the pulse oximeter - ✔✔to measure the oxygen saturation how radiation affects loss of body heat - ✔✔radiations causes heat loss how to preform the log roll - ✔✔c spine stabilization, DNVF testing, rolling on to back board on head mans count how to take care of a new born - ✔✔-Evaluate the need to suction mouth and oropharynx to clear any amniotic fluid

• Hand or place the baby to the mother's abdomen to begin skin to skin contact
• Dry the newborn and warp in a clean blanket only exposing the face
• Use a sterile gauze as necessary to wipe newborn's mouth and nose as needed

• Perform APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes identify components of the primary survey, secondary survey, and reassessment - ✔✔Primary survey- initial assessment, is designed to help the emergency responder detect immediate threats to life. Secondary survey- A focused history and physical exam should be performed after the initial assessment. It is assumed that the life- threatening problems have been found and corrected. Reassessment- Detect changes in patient's condition. Performed after secondary assessment and intervention. identify devices used by special needs children and infants - ✔✔- Hearing aids
• Medical ventilators
• Tracheostomy tube
• Apnea monitor
• Internal cardiac pacemaker identify each letter in OPQRST - ✔✔O-onset P-provocation Q-quality R-radiation

identify most common cause of seizure in infants and the children - ✔✔high fever Identify signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion for an Adult, child, and infant: - ✔✔decompensated shock

• Falling blood pressure (90 mmHg or lower, adult)
• Labored or irregular breathing
• Ashen, mottled or cyanotic skin
• Absent peripheral pulses
• Dull eyes, dilated pupils
• Poor urinary output Identify the most important assessment of hypothermic patient - ✔✔core temp of the body identify the risk factor associated with suicide - ✔✔-depression at any age
• the feeling of being trapped or purposeless
• previous suicide attempt
• specific plan for suicide
• family history with suicide

Identify the risk factors associated with adult drowning - ✔✔spinal injuries hypoxia water in lungs unconsciousness Identify what each letter of AVPU means - ✔✔A-alert V-verbal P-pain U-unresponsive identify where emergency vehicles are commonly involved in crashes - ✔✔Intersections implied consent - ✔✔patient is unable to give consent is given treatment under the legal assumption that they would want treatment List assessment for a closed chest injury - ✔✔obvious deformities (bruising of lung tissue) hypoxia alterations of consciousness

inadequate food intake list common medical disorders/ conditions found in children and the elderly - ✔✔asthma pneumonia croup epigottitis pertussis shock bleeding disorders seizures meningitis list indications for a occlusive dressing - ✔✔open chest wound abdominal evisceration neck wound penetrating back wounds List indications for rapid extrication - ✔✔-vehicle or scene not safe

• explosive or other hazardous material
• there is fire of danger of fire
• patient can not be properly assessed

• patient has life threatening conditions list normal vital signs for a child - ✔✔BP: 70-120 mm/Hg systolic pulse: 70-130 per min breathing: 20-30 breaths/min temp 98. list normal vital signs for an adult - ✔✔BP: 120/80 mm/Hg or 100+age/ pulse: 60-100 per minute breathing: 12- 20 temp: 98. list normal vital signs for an infant - ✔✔BP: 70-90 mm/Hg systolic pulse: 140 to 160 per min breathing: 25-50 breaths/min temp: 96.8 to 99. List parts of Skull - ✔✔Frontal partial occiptial forman mangus