American Red Cross Lifeguard TEST Solution Guide updated 2024/2025-Emergency Medicine Amer, Exams of Nursing

Download American Red Cross Lifeguard TEST Solution Guide updated 2024/2025-Emergency Medicine Amer and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Emergency Medicine American Red Cross Lifeguard Tests A&B / American Red Cross Lifeguard TEST Solution Guide updated 2022. 1. How can you protect yourself from possible blood borne pathogens transmission when providing care? - Correct Ans-Use PPE such as Disposable Gloves Breathing Barrier/Mask 2. A child is wheezing and grabbing his chest. after obtaining consent his mother tells you he has asthma but does not have his inhaler nearby. What care should you provide? - Correct Ans-1) Summon EMS 3. 2) Place victim in positions that helps breathing 4. While at the snack bar a child grabs his throat. You ask him if he is choking and he nods yes. You activate the facility's emergency action plan. You tell him you a life guard and get consent from his parents. What should you do next? - Correct Ans-1) Stand/kneel behind victim 2) give 5 back blows 3) followed by 5 abdominal thrusts 5. You and another life guard find an unconscious adult on the floor in the locker room. You activate EAP , size up scene, and preform primary assessment. You find the victim not breathing but has a pulse. You call 911 then...? - Correct Ans-give 1 breath every 5 seconds 6. you come upon a scene where a patron appears to be injured. Before approaching the victim what should you do to size up the scene? - Correct Ans-Begin primary assessment 7. When providing care during an emergency what should you first do? - Correct Ans-Size up the scene 8. You were preforming CPR on an adult how deep should you compress the chest? - Correct Ans- At least 2 inches 9. CPR should be preformed on victims whho are in...? - Correct Ans-Cardiac arrest 10. What is the fist step in the cardiac chain of survival? - Correct Ans-Early recognition +access to EMS 11. You are providing care to a victim having a heart attack. What should you do first? - Correct Ans- Summon EMS 12. Once you turn in the AED you should...? - Correct Ans-apply pads and allow AED to analyze heart rhythms 13. To ensure effective chest compression during CPR you should...? - Correct Ans-Allow chest to fully recoil between chest compressions 14. You are preforming CPR on a victim and a 2nd life guard arrives. What should the second life guard do first? - Correct Ans-check whether EMS has been summoned 15. What should you use when giving ventilation to protect you and the victim from disease transmission? - Correct Ans-use a CPR breathing barrier/ mask 16. you are providing care to a pool maintenance worker who has fallen off a ladder. The victim is conscious. What should you do first? - Correct Ans-obtain consent from the victim 17. should you summon EMS personnel for a victim with an open wound with the bone protruding? - Correct Ans-yes 18. You pull an unconscious adult from the water who is taking infrequent gasps. During the primary assessment you find the victim has a pulse. What should you do next? - Correct Ans-give 2 initial ventilations 19. if there is a risk of the AED pads touching each other such as with a small child or infant what should you do? - Correct Ans-put one on the middle of the chest and one on the middle of the back Immobilize, Cold, Elevate 40. changes in LOC such as feeling light headed dizzy or becoming unconscious - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 41. nausea or vomitting - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 42. difficulty speaking or slurred speech - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 43. numbness or weakness - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 44. loss of vision or blurred vision - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 45. changes in breathing; the person may have trouble breathing or may not be breathing normally - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 46. changes in skin color (pale, ashen or flushed skin) - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 47. sweating - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 48. persistent pressure or pain - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 49. diarrhea - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 50. seizures - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 51. paralysis or an inability to move - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 52. severe headache - Correct Ans-signs and symptoms of sudden illness 53. when checking a victim during the secondary assessment and you notice changes in her LOC what does LOC stand for? - Correct Ans-level of consciousness 54. you come upon a scene where someone appears to be hurt. During the primary assessment you should check for all of the following: - Correct Ans-consciousness breath bleeding 55. what is the universal sign for choking - Correct Ans-clutching throat 56. as you are giving ventilations with a rescue mask and the victim vomits what should you do? - Correct Ans-turn victim as a unit on his side finger sweep 57. when providing care to a conscious infant who is choking what part of your hand should you use? - Correct Ans-2-3 fingers 58. you determine that a victim in unconscious but breathing while waiting for EMS how should you position a victim? - Correct Ans-face up 59. when preparing to use an AED you notice a medication patch on the victims chest what should you do? - Correct Ans-remove patch with gloved hand 60. when giving chest compressions to an adult how should you position your hands? - Correct Ans- heel of 1 hand in center of chest other hand on top 61. when performing CPR you notice the victims chest begins to rise and fall what should you do? - Correct Ans-stop CPR and monitor condition 62. when using a rescue mask what should you do? - Correct Ans-place broad end of mask between lower lip and chin 63. How would you know if an infants airway is open? - Correct Ans-if the baby is crying 64. when doing a primary assessment what should you evaluate first? - Correct Ans-Check victim for consciousness/ responsiveness 65. During a primary assessment you do not find a pulse what should you do? - Correct Ans-expect cardiac arrest begin CPR 66. What are signs and symptoms of respiratory distress - Correct Ans-Audible high pitched gurgling 67. As an only life guard preforming CPR on a 7 year old child you would preform a cycle of...? - Correct Ans-30 compressions 2 ventilations 68. an AED indicates that "No shock is advised" what should you do? - Correct Ans-Preform CPR for 2 minutes 69. you are caring for an unconscious adult who is not breathing you give 1 ventilation and notice his chest does not rise. What should you do next? - Correct Ans-retilt the head and try again 70. you and another life guard are giving ventilations using a BVM you position the mask what does the other life guard do? - Correct Ans-squeeze with both hands 71. you and another life guard are preparing to do CPR on an adult victim. You determine there is no breathing or pulse and state "begin CPR" What should the other lifeguard do? - Correct Ans- begin chest compressions 72. You find an unconscious victim in the locker room should you move them to the first aid room. - Correct Ans-No, there is no immediate danger 73. A victim is severely bleeding you think she is in shock because...? - Correct Ans-Shes restless and irritable 95. If you have a victim that is an adult and is unconscious with a pulse but is not breathing, what rate should you perform rescue breathing at? - Correct Ans-1 ventilation every 5 seconds. 96. You are giving ventilations through a resuscitation mask, and the victim vomits. What should you do? - Correct Ans-Turn the victim as a unit onto his or her side (similar to HAINES recovery position). 97. When applying the AED, you notice the victim has several body piercings on their chest. How should you place the pads accordingly? - Correct Ans-Place the pads on their chest, being sure to avoid the jewelry. 98. During a primary assessment, what should you check first (after ensuring the scene is safe)? - Correct Ans-Check the victim for responsiveness. 99. An infant is crying uncontrollably. You could safely assume that their airway is... - Correct Ans- Open. 100. When caring for musculoskeletal injuries, what does RICE stand for? - Correct Ans-Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate 101. A victim is having a seizure in the water. What should you do? - Correct Ans-Support the victim with his or her head above water until the seizure ends. 102. How can you protect yourself from possible bloodborne pathogens when treating a victim? - Correct Ans-Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as disposable gloves and a breathing barrier. 103. Sudden illness can be identified by many things, including... - Correct Ans-Loss of vision or blurred vision, changes in skin condition, or nausea/vomiting. 104. What is the universal sign that a person is choking? - Correct Ans-Clutching the throat. 105. You are performing CPR when a second lifeguard arrives. What is most appropriate for the second lifeguard to do first? - Correct Ans-Check to see whether EMS personell have been called. 106. What is the first step in the Cardiac Chain of Survival? - Correct Ans-Early recognition and access to emergency medical services (EMS) system. 107. You must keep checking a victim's LOC in a secondary assessment. What does the "C" in LOC stand for? - Correct Ans-Consciousness. 108. When providing care to a conscious infant who is choking, what part of the hand would you use to give chest thrusts? - Correct Ans-Two or Three fingers. 109. When immobilizing an injured patron's arm... - Correct Ans-Leave the arm in the position you find it or in the position the patron is holding it. 110. You are performing CPR on a victim when you notice the chest begins to rise and fall. What do you do first? - Correct Ans-Stop CPR and reassess the victim's breathing and pulse. If the breathing is not regular, continue CPR as though no breathing were present. 111. What is the first step you should take in treating a victim with burns? - Correct Ans- Remove the victim from the source of the burn. 112. A boy clutches at his chest and has problems breathing. After obtaining consent for care, his mom informs you that he has asthma, but he does not have his inhaler nearby. What care should you provide? - Correct Ans-Call EMS and place the victim in a position that helps breathing. 113. A patron cuts her leg on the bleachers and is bleeding severely. You can tell she may be in shock because she may... - Correct Ans-Becomes restless and irritable 114. What should you do when first approaching the scene of an emergency? - Correct Ans- Size up the scene, make sure it is safe for you to interact. 115. You and another lifeguard are preparing for CPR on an adult. You find no pulse and no breathing and state "Victim has no pulse. Begin CPR." What should the second lifeguard do next? - Correct Ans-Begin chest compressions. 116. When using a resuscitation mask, what should you do? - Correct Ans-Place (and seal) the mask with the broad end between the chin and the lower lip. 117. When giving abdominal thrusts, where should you position your fist? - Correct Ans-In the middle of the abdomen, just above the navel. 118. What is most true about bag-valve-mask resuscitators (BVMs)? - Correct Ans-Two rescuers need to operate the BVM. 119. During a second assessment, the SAMPLE acronym is used to collect important information. What does the "A" in SAMPLE stand for? - Correct Ans-Allergies. 120. You pull an adult **from the water**. After a primary assessment, you conclude the victim has a pulse but is breathing irregularly. You should... - Correct Ans-Give 2 initial ventilations. **THIS IS TO CLEAR THE AIRWAY OF ANY WATER THAT MAY BE PRESENT, SINCE YOU PULLED THIS VICTIM FROM THE WATER.** 121. The AED advises a shock should be given. What should you do next? - Correct Ans-Tell everyone to stand clear of the victim. 122. You are using a resuscitation mask to give ventilations to a child. After **positioning** the mask, what should you do? - Correct Ans-Seal the mask. 123. When compressing a child's chest for CPR, how many should compressions should you give per minute? - Correct Ans-100 BPM (This is roughly the tempo of the song "Staying Alive" by the BeeGees. Ironically, it is also the tempo of "Another One Bites The Dust" by Queen. You can choose how optimistic you feel). 124. You are providing care for a victim having a heart attack. What should you do first? - Correct Ans-Summon EMS Personell. 171. Once you have turned on the automated external defibrillator (AED), you should: - Correct Ans-a. Apply the pads and allow the AED to analyze 172. the heart rhythm. 173. To ensure effective chest compressions during 174. CPR, which of the following is most appropriate? - Correct Ans-a. Allowing the chest to fully recoil 175. between compressions 176. You are performing CPR on a victim and a second 177. lifeguard arrives. Which of the following is most 178. appropriate for the second lifeguard to do first? - Correct Ans-c. Check to see whether EMS personnel have 179. been called. 180. Which of the following is most essential to use 181. when giving ventilations to protect you and the 182. victim from disease transmission? - Correct Ans-a. CPR breathing barriers 183. You are providing care to a facility maintenance 184. worker who has fallen off the top of a ladder. The 185. victim is conscious. Which of the following should 186. you do first? - Correct Ans-c. Obtain consent from the victim to 187. provide care. 188. For which of the following should you summon 189. EMS personnel? - Correct Ans-d. A victim with an open leg wound with the 190. bone protruding 191. You pull an unconscious adult from the water who is taking infrequent gasps. During the primary assessment you find that the victim has a pulse. What should you do next? - Correct Ans-d. Give 2 initial ventilations. 192. If there is a risk of the AED pads touching each 193. other, such as with a small child or an infant, you should: - Correct Ans-a. Place one pad in the middle of the chest and 194. the other on the back. 195. You have sized up the scene and determined 196. the scene is safe. When performing a primary 197. assessment, which of the following would you 198. do next? - Correct Ans-a. Check for responsiveness 199. Which of the following statements about 200. bag-valve-mask resuscitators (BVMs) is 201. most accurate? - Correct Ans-c. Two rescuers need to operate the BVM. 202. You are preparing to give ventilations to a 203. 5-year-old boy using a resuscitation mask. You 204. should give 1 ventilation about every: - Correct Ans-c. 3 seconds 205. When compressing a child's chest during CPR, you 206. should compress at a rate of at least how many 207. compressions per minute? - Correct Ans-b. 100 208. An AED has advised that a shock should be given. 209. Which of the following is appropriate? - Correct Ans-d. Tell everyone to stand clear of the victim. 210. You are about to apply AED pads to a victim's chest 211. when you notice that the victim has several body 212. piercings with jewelry on his chest. Which of the 213. following should you do? - Correct Ans-a. Apply the pads to the chest, making sure to 214. avoid the jewelry. 215. The cycle of chest compressions and ventilations in 216. two-rescuer CPR for an infant is: - Correct Ans-b. 15 chest compressions and 2 ventilations. 217. You are positioned above the child's head and are using a resuscitation mask to give ventilations. After you position the mask, which of the following 218. should you do next? - Correct Ans-d. Seal the mask. 219. You are providing care to a patron who started 220. choking on some food. The victim becomes 221. unconscious. Which of the following should you 222. do first? - Correct Ans-b. Lower the victim carefully to the ground and 223. open his airway. 224. Where should you place your hands when giving 225. chest compressions to an infant during CPR? - Correct Ans-c. One hand on the forehead and one hand on 226. the chest 227. When giving abdominal thrusts to an adult, where should you position your fist? - Correct Ans-d. On the rib cage 228. When providing care to a conscious infant 229. who is choking, which of the following is 230. most appropriate? - Correct Ans-Positioning the infant so the head is lower than 231. the chest 232. A person has been injured and is conscious. 233. You should: - Correct Ans-b. Obtain consent, check the victim for 234. life-threatening conditions and speak with 235. the victim to find out what happened. 236. The purpose of the secondary assessment is to: - Correct Ans-b. Identify and care for conditions that are not 237. life threatening. 238. An injured patron is conscious and bleeding 239. severely. After summoning EMS personnel, 240. obtaining consent and putting on disposable 241. gloves, what is your next care step? - Correct Ans-d. Press firmly against the wound with a sterile 242. dressing and bandage. 285. walk on the deck. 286. When caring for a suspected head, neck or 287. spinal injury in water, proper manual in-line 288. stabilization is: - Correct Ans-b. Provided using the head splint technique. 289. Working with other lifeguards, facility staff and 290. supervisors as a team is: - Correct Ans-b. One of the primary responsibilities of 291. a lifeguard. 292. You are a lifeguard on surveillance duty during a 293. busy family swim session. It is important to: - Correct Ans-b. Scan all areas in your assigned zone of 294. coverage and carry your rescue tube with you 295. at all times. 296. 13. A head, neck or spinal injury rarely happens: - Correct Ans-a. In deep water at a supervised facility. 297. Which of the following is true about accidental 298. fecal releases (AFRs)? - Correct Ans-c. Require water treatment, temporary pool 299. closure and immediate lifeguard attention. 300. You are lifeguarding during a family swim session when you notice a swimmer swimming full lengths of the pool under water. What should you do? - Correct Ans-c. Immediately stop him from continuing the 301. activity and explain the dangers of the activity. 302. After removing a conscious victim you suspect has a spinal injury from the water, you should do all the following except: - Correct Ans-c. Dry the victim off and apply the pads of 303. an AED. 304. 17. Two lifeguards are on surveillance duty during a public swim. You are on a break. One lifeguard activates the facility's EAP for a submerged passive victim and enters the water. Which steps should you take next to assist in the rescue? - Correct Ans-b. Bring the backboard to the lifeguard and assist 305. in removing the victim from the water as the 306. other lifeguard clears the pool. 307. A lifeguard keeps an eye on the patrons of the pool, checking the bottom, middle and surface of the water. He is demonstrating: - Correct Ans-b. Effective scanning. 308. A mother and her son walk over to you; she states that he fell on the pool deck and hit his head. You notice he has blood and fluid running from his ear and he is feeling dizzy. What steps should you take next? - Correct Ans-d. Provide manual stabilization while the other 309. lifeguards prepare to backboard him. 310. The lifeguard supervisor expects the pool to be 311. very busy in the afternoon. For effective patron 312. surveillance, she sets up multiple lifeguard stations to reduce the number of patrons watched by each lifeguard. This type of coverage is called: - Correct Ans-d. Zone coverage. 313. To effectively scan, you must: - Correct Ans-d. Move your head and eyes as you scan to look 314. directly at each area rather than staring in a 315. fixed direction. 316. When providing care to a conscious person you 317. suspect of having a head, neck or spinal injury and who was injured from a fall on the pool deck: - Correct Ans-d. You do not move the victim unless the scene 318. becomes unsafe. 319. A woman collides with another swimmer while 320. diving into the pool and asks the lifeguard for 321. help. Without doing an assessment, the lifeguard tells the woman she can continue swimming. The woman leaves the facility and seeks medical attention from a hospital after she begins to feel tingling sensations in her arms and legs. The lifeguard may be: - Correct Ans-c. Negligent. 322. During a weather-related power failure at a facility, you should: - Correct Ans-a. Clear everyone from the pool. 323. During in-service training, lifeguards practice 324. the steps of recognizing a distressed swimmer, 325. rescuing an active victim, informing management and speaking with witnesses. The lifeguards are practicing parts of a(n): - Correct Ans-b. Emergency action plan. 326. You enter the mechanical room and find a 327. maintenance worker lying on his back on the 328. floor next to a ladder. You check the scene and 329. determine it is safe to enter. During your primary assessment, you find the victim is unconscious but breathing. You must leave to get help, what should 330. you do? - Correct Ans-a. Move him into the H.A.IN.E.S. position. 331. Which of the following is true if the manager of 332. the facility has assigned you as the only lifeguard conducting patron surveillance? - Correct Ans-a. You have been assigned to total coverage. 333. Which of the following pieces of equipment need to be easily accessible for emergency use: - Correct Ans-b. Backboard, AED 334. A technique to minimize movement for a victim 335. with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury who is face-down, at the surface and in water less than 3 feet deep is the: - Correct Ans-b. Head splint technique. 336. If three lifeguards are on duty, emergency back-up coverage takes place: - Correct Ans-c. When a lifeguard enters the water for a rescue. 337. Which of the following is the least important for a safe group visit to a pool? - Correct Ans-c. Ensuring there are multiple activities planned 338. for the group 339. While caring for someone with a suspected spinal injury, you secure the straps on a backboard in the following order: - Correct Ans-d. Upper chest, hips, thighs 340. It is the primary responsibility of facility