EMR Test #1 (Chapters 1-7) Practice Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions graded A, Exams of Nursing

Download EMR Test #1 (Chapters 1-7) Practice Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions graded A and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! pg. 1 1 Which of the following MOST accurately describes an emergency medical responder (EMR)? A. An individual who provides initial advanced life support B. An individual who responds to the scene in an ambulance C. The first medically trained person to arrive at the scene D. A fire fighter or police officer who assists the paramedics - ANSWER-C. The first medically trained person to arrive at the scene Fire fighters and law enforcement personnel are likely to be the first EMRs to arrive at a scene because: A. they are trained in all aspects of an emergency call. B. they are typically paid and are on call 24 hours a day. C. most communities do not have EMTs or paramedics. D. of their location or speed in responding to the call. - ANSWER-D. of their location or speed in responding to the call. A cardiac arrest patient's most crucial contact with the EMS system occurs when: A. trained EMRs arrive at the patient's side. B. medical control is made aware of the situation. C. paramedics arrive and administer advanced care. D. the receiving hospital is made aware of the situation. - ANSWER-A. trained EMRs arrive at the patient's side. When EMTs or paramedics arrive at the scene of an emergency, the EMR should: A. accompany the patient to the receiving medical facility. B. assume that his or her assistance will no longer be required. C. assist the EMTs in continuing the care that he or she initiated. D. obtain a signature from the EMT who is assuming patient care. - ANSWER-C. assist the EMTs in continuing the care that he or she initiated. Which of the following interventions would the EMR most likely perform at the scene of a cardiac arrest? A. CPR and defibrillation B. Administration of certain medications EMR Test #1 (Chapters 1-7) Practice Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions pg. 2 2 C. Insertion of an endotracheal tube D. Initiation of an intravenous line - ANSWER-A. CPR and defibrillation Fire units are often a crucial part of the EMS system because they: A. always arrive at the scene before EMTs or paramedics. B. are better trained than EMTs to assist paramedics. C. provide specialized rescue such as patient extrication. D. provide protection and control of the scene. - ANSWER-C. provide specialized rescue such as patient extrication. Which of the following statements regarding transport of a patient to the hospital is correct? A. Patients may require immediate stabilization at the closest hospital and then transfer to another facility. B. Any sick or injured patient should be transported to the closest hospital, regardless of the patient's condition. C. EMRs are legally obligated to accompany the patient in the back of the ambulance to the hospital. D. In most states and EMS systems, EMRs are not authorized to assist the EMT in the back of the ambulance. - ANSWER-A. Patients may require immediate stabilization at the closest hospital and then transfer to another facility. A patient requires rapid transport to the hospital when: A. the patient's condition may deteriorate if he or she is not transported fairly quickly. B. EMS personnel are unable to give the patient adequate life-saving care in the field. C. traffic is extremely heavy and the patient's condition requires treatment by a physician. D. he or she requires care that can be provided only by a physician at the hospital. - ANSWER-B. EMS personnel are unable to give the patient adequate life-saving care in the field. A 33-year-old woman has a possible broken left ankle. She is in significant pain but is conscious and otherwise stable. This patient: A. should be rapidly transported to the closest hospital. B. may deteriorate and requires prompt transport. C. does not require transport to the hospital. D. requires transport but without lights and siren. - ANSWER-D. requires transport but without lights and siren. You are at the scene of a shooting. The patient, who is being cared for by paramedics, is unresponsive and has severe bleeding from his injury. In this case, the EMR's most important function is to: pg. 5 5 D. It is often characterized by sadness, despair, and denial. - ANSWER-A. The patient understands that the situation cannot be changed. When you encounter a patient with a significant illness, it is important to remember that he or she: A. may be experiencing any stage of grief. B. is usually depressed and will not talk. C. ill always project anger toward you. D. has probably already accepted the situation. - ANSWER-A. may be experiencing any stage of grief. An important step in managing your own stress is the ability to: A. recognize its signs and symptoms. B. ignore its signs and symptoms. C. eliminate all stressors in your life. D. project the stress toward others. - ANSWER-A. recognize its signs and symptoms. If you are experiencing stress away from your job, you should: A. seek assistance from a mental health professional. B. spend some time away from family and friends. C. obtain a prescription for anti-anxiety medication. D. find another job not related to emergency medicine. - ANSWER-A. seek assistance from a mental health professional. A critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is used to: A. alleviate the stress reactions caused by high-stress incidents B. determine whether any errors in patient care occurred. C. investigate potential wrongdoings by the EMS responder. D. identify the exact stressors that resulted in the stress reaction. - ANSWER-A. alleviate the stress reactions caused by high-stress incidents Which of the following infectious diseases would be the least likely to be spread by the airborne droplet route? A. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) B. Influenza C. Tuberculosis (TB) D. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) - ANSWER-A. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) The most effective way to prevent exposure to infectious diseases is to: pg. 6 6 A. follow standard precautions on all calls. B. place a mask on all patients you treat. C. ensure that your immunizations are current. D. wash your hands thoroughly after each call. - ANSWER-A. follow standard precautions on all calls. Which of the following is not part of the standard precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)? A. Use leather gloves as a barrier against blood and fluids. B. Wear a face shield if blood splatter is anticipated. C. Place needles directly in a puncture-proof container. D. Wash your hands immediately after patient contact. - ANSWER-A. Use leather gloves as a barrier against blood and fluids. In which of the following situations would the use of a gown or apron, face shield, and gloves clearly be indicated? A. Emergency childbirth B. Minor trauma C. Obtaining vital signs D. All emergency situations - ANSWER-A. Emergency childbirth You are the first responder to arrive at an emergency scene. What should you do first? A. Survey the scene for potential safety hazards. B. Access the patient and initiate the appropriate care. C. Wait in your vehicle until law enforcement arrives. D. Determine exactly how many patients are involved. - ANSWER-A. Survey the scene for potential safety hazards. In addition to ensuring your own safety, the most important guideline to follow when moving a patient is to: A. do no further harm to the patient. B. move the patient only when necessary. C. move the patient as little as possible. D. move the patient's body as a unit. - ANSWER-A. do no further harm to the patient. When moving a patient, who typically gives the command to begin the move? A. The most senior responder at the scene B. The paramedic in charge of patient care C. The rescuer at the patient's head D. The strongest rescuer at the scene - ANSWER-C. The rescuer at the patient's head pg. 7 7 If you suspect that a patient has suffered a head or spine injury, you should: A. carefully move the patient in a sitting position to avoid further injury. B. allow the patient to move slowly as you stabilize his or her head. C. move the patient quickly so that his or her spine can be immobilized. D. keep the patient's head and spine immobilized to avoid movement - ANSWER-D. keep the patient's head and spine immobilized to avoid movement Regardless of the technique you use for moving patients, you should: A. lift and lower the patient by bending your legs. B. maintain a slight curvature of your back. C. lift and lower the patient by bending your back. D. keep your arms away from your body. - ANSWER-A. lift and lower the patient by bending your legs. You and your partner are the first to arrive at the scene of a man who fell approximately 20′ (6 m) from a second-story balcony. The patient is found lying on his side. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. A paramedic unit is approximately 5 minutes away. You should: A. keep the patient's head and neck stabilized, tell the patient not to move, and wait for the paramedic unit to arrive at the scene. B. carefully place the patient on his back and stabilize his head and neck until the paramedic unit arrives at the scene. C. apply a cervical collar and carefully secure the patient to a short backboard or vest- style immobilization device. D. carefully immobilize the patient to a long backboard and monitor his condition until the paramedic unit arrives. - ANSWER-A. keep the patient's head and neck stabilized, tell the patient not to move, and wait for the paramedic unit to arrive at the scene. The recovery position is used for patients who are: A. unconscious and not injured. B. semiconscious with a neck injury. C. severely obese and not breathing. D. experiencing respiratory distress. - ANSWER-A. unconscious and not injured. With regard to lifting and moving, good body mechanics includes: A. using your legs and not your back when lifting. B. twisting your body slightly when lifting. C. lifting with the strong musculature of your back. D. keeping your feet no less than 3′ (1 m) apart. - ANSWER-A. using your legs and not your back when lifting. pg. 10 10 C. provide the same prompt and competent care that an individual with a higher level of training would have provided under the same or similar circumstances. D. treat the patient to the best of his or her ability and provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances. - ANSWER-D. treat the patient to the best of his or her ability and provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances. You are a volunteer EMR and have placed your name on the schedule to respond for a 12-hour shift. With 10 minutes left in your shift, you are dispatched for a patient with a possible fractured leg. You should: A. wait for paramedics to arrive to determine if you are needed. B. respond only if it is convenient because you are a volunteer. C. wait until your relief arrives and let him or her respond. D. proceed to the scene and begin providing care to the patient. - ANSWER-D. proceed to the scene and begin providing care to the patient. While functioning at the scene of a patient in cardiac arrest, you do not initiate CPR because the patient is elderly and you think that he is probably dead. Paramedics arrive and determine that the patient has only been in cardiac arrest for 6 minutes. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is correct? A. You may be held liable for failure to follow the standard of care. B. Your actions are consistent with the responsibilities of an EMR. C. The patient would most likely not be able to be resuscitated. D. As an EMR, you did not have a legal duty to begin CPR. - ANSWER-A. You may be held liable for failure to follow the standard of care. The scope of care under which the EMR functions is specified by the: A. State Department of Public Safety. B. EMS system medical director. C. National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians. D. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. - ANSWER-B. EMS system medical director. In general, you should never change or alter a patient care report, unless: A. you need to correct an error to ensure that the information is accurate. B. a paramedic or licensed physician orders you to do so. C. law enforcement personnel need the report for legal reasons. D. the patient's condition deteriorated after a paramedic assumed care. - ANSWER-A. you need to correct an error to ensure that the information is accurate. pg. 11 11 A patient who verbally or non-verbally lets you know that he or she is willing to accept treatment is giving you consent. A. assumed B. informed C. expressed D. implied - ANSWER-C. expressed For a patient to be legally able to make a decision regarding his or her own health care, he or she must: A. accept EMS transport to an appropriate hospital. B. have a non-life-threatening injury or illness. C. have at least two witnesses present at the scene. D. be of legal age as defined by state law. - ANSWER-D. be of legal age as defined by state law. The principle of implied consent assumes that an unconscious patient: A. is at least 18 years of age. B. has a life-threatening condition. C. has a living will on file. D. would wish to receive treatment. - ANSWER-D. would wish to receive treatment. You arrive at the scene of an incident involving a motor vehicle and a pedestrian. Law enforcement officers are present, but the paramedic unit will not arrive for another 5 minutes. Your patient, who was struck by the vehicle, is a 16-year-old girl. She is unconscious and has severe bleeding from her head. You should: A. begin immediate treatment and ask a law enforcement officer to attempt to contact the child's parents. B. keep curious bystanders away from the patient until the paramedic unit arrives at the scene. C. contact the child's parents and obtain phone consent before rendering any emergency medical care. D. ask a law enforcement officer to sign a statement that you are providing care without parental consent. - ANSWER-A. begin immediate treatment and ask a law enforcement officer to attempt to contact the child's parents. You are dispatched to an elementary school for a 7-year-old boy who sustained a minor injury while on the playground. The child is conscious, alert, and does not appear to have any life-threatening injuries. What should you do? A. Send the child to the nurse's office for minor treatment and then return your unit to service. B. Ask a teacher to contact the child's parents to obtain consent for you to begin treatment. pg. 12 12 C. Allow a teacher to sign a patient refusal form because the child does not require treatment. D. Begin treatment of the child and request an EMT unit to transport him to the hospital. - ANSWER-B. Ask a teacher to contact the child's parents to obtain consent for you to begin treatment. Which of the following statements regarding a patient's consent to treatment is correct? A. A patient must be transported if he or she consents to treatment. B. Patients may refuse treatment at any time, even if treatment has begun. C. Patients can give consent to treat only to an EMT or paramedic. D. Once a patient gives you consent, he or she cannot revoke it. - ANSWER-B. Patients may refuse treatment at any time, even if treatment has begun. Which of the following is not considered an advance directive? A. Durable power of attorney for health care B. EMS system protocols C. Do not resuscitate (DNR) order D. Living will - ANSWER-B. EMS system protocols A DNR order is a written request giving permission for medical personnel not to: A. begin resuscitation unless the patient is in shock. B. attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest. C. give oxygen to a patient with severe hypoxemia. D. render treatment to patients with a terminal illness. - ANSWER-B. attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest. The purpose of a communications system is to: A. alert the general public in the event of a natural disaster, terrorist attack, or other significant situation. B. relay information from one location to another when it is impossible to communicate face to face. C. transmit data from a remote location to the hospital so that the physician can provide the proper guidance. D. communicate critical patient information face to face with another healthcare professional. - ANSWER-B. relay information from one location to another when it is impossible to communicate face to face. Which of the following statements regarding a base station is correct? A. Most base stations can be mobilized and deployed quickly to a remote location in an emergency situation. pg. 15 15 D. pausing every 60 seconds and saying, "Do you copy?" - ANSWER-D. pausing every 60 seconds and saying, "Do you copy?" Effective communication means that: A. the person being spoken to understands exactly what he or she is told. B. the person being spoken to will be able to hear what is being said. C. only a minimal communication barrier exists between two people. D. all external distractions have been eliminated from a conversation. - ANSWER-A. the person being spoken to understands exactly what he or she is told. Which of the following is an example of an internal distraction that may hinder an EMR's communication with a patient? A. A loud bulldozer that is operating in a lot near a patient's residence B. An angry husband who is demanding that the EMR care for his wife C. Numerous family members who are giving the EMR patient information D. Worrying about personal finances while at the scene of a car crash - ANSWER-D. Worrying about personal finances while at the scene of a car crash When communicating with a conscious, sick, or injured patient, it is important to: A. allow minimal time for the patient to respond. B. maintain eye contact whenever possible. C. speak quickly to expedite patient care. D. use medical terms to avoid patient confusion. - ANSWER-B. maintain eye contact whenever possible. A patient is in the anatomic position when he or she is: A. lying down on his or her back with the arms at the sides and the palms facing downward. B. lying down on his or her side with the arms above the head and the hands clenched in a fist. C. standing facing you with arms to the side and palms touching the side of the lower extremities. D. standing facing you with arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing outward. - ANSWER-D. standing facing you with arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing outward. The term "anterior" refers to the: A. back B. sides C. top D. front - ANSWER-D. front pg. 16 16 Which of the following statements is correct? A. The thigh is proximal in relation to the patient's hips. B. The chest is located on the anterior aspect of the body. A. The abdomen is on the posterior aspect of the body. D. An injured left foot is proximal to an injured left knee. - ANSWER-B. The chest is located on the anterior aspect of the body. During your assessment of a 21-year-old man who fell from a roof, you note the presence of bruising on the medial aspect of the anterior trunk. What part of the body is this describing? A. Away from the midline on the front part of the torso B. Toward the midline on the front part of the torso C. Toward the midline on the back of the torso D. Away from the midline on the back of the torso - ANSWER-B. Toward the midline on the front part of the torso In relation to the nose, the eyes are: A. medial B. proximal C. distal D. lateral - ANSWER-D. lateral Which of the following statements is correct? A. The wrist is distal to the elbow. B. The knee is proximal to the thigh. C. The ears are medial to the eyes. D. The head is inferior to the neck. - ANSWER-A. The wrist is distal to the elbow. A fracture of a femur in a location farthest away from the hip is: A. proximal B. medial C. superior D. distal - ANSWER-D. distal The location of a lateral body part is: A. away from the midline of the body. B. in the lower part of the body. C. at the highest point of the body. D. toward the center of the body. - ANSWER-A. away from the midline of the body. pg. 17 17 A 40-year-old woman has an injury to the midshaft humerus following a motor vehicle crash. What major joint is immediately distal to her injury? A. Xiphoid B. Wrist C. Shoulder D. Elbow - ANSWER-D. Elbow The respiratory system functions by: A. bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide. B. transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body. C. ensuring that an adequate amount of oxygen reaches the body's cells. D. eliminating damaged blood cells from the body. - ANSWER-A. bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide. The structure that prevents food or liquid from entering the larynx is called the: A. esophagus B. epiglottis C. oropharynx D. nasopharynx - ANSWER-B. epiglottis All of the following are upper airway structures, except the: A. larynx B. pharynx C. epiglottis D. alveoli - ANSWER-D. alveoli The airway within the lungs branches into narrower and narrower passages called: A. red blood cells B. alveoli C. bronchioles D. capillaries - ANSWER-C. bronchioles Air is inhaled into the lungs when the diaphragm: A. contracts and moves upward in the chest. B. relaxes and moves upward in the chest. C. contracts and moves downward in the chest. D. relaxes and moves downward in the chest. - ANSWER-C. contracts and moves downward in the chest. The circulatory system is responsible for: