EMT AAOS Section 6 Medical Test Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023-2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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EMT AAOS Section 6 Medical Test Exam

With 100% Correct Answers 2023-

What is most important to assess during patient assessment during secondary assessment? - Correct Answer-Chief complaint In a conscious adult patient, which of the following pulses should be assessed initially? - Correct Answer-Radial Vital signs should be reassessed every ________ minutes for a stable patient. - Correct Answer- The EMT should reassess the vital signs of an unstable patient every ________ minutes. - Correct Answer- In contrast to the assessment of a trauma patient, assessment of a medical patient: - Correct Answer-is focused on the nature of illness, the patient's chief complaint, and his or her symptoms. Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? - Correct Answer-substance abuse The greatest danger in displaying a personal bias or "labeling" a patient who frequently calls EMS is: - Correct Answer-overlooking a potentially serious medical condition. An index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: - Correct Answer-your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness. When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that: - Correct Answer-the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first. Upon initial contact with a patient who appears to be unconscious, you should: - Correct Answer-attempt to elicit a verbal response by talking to the patient. Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to: - Correct Answer-administer oxygen with the appropriate device. In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve: - Correct Answer-checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of his or her skin.

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of his or her problem? - Correct Answer-history taking Which of the following will MOST reliably allow you to determine the nature of a patient's illness? - Correct Answer-asking questions related to the chief complaint A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, his pulse is 104 beats/min, and his respirations are 16 breaths/min. Your partner has applied supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction and he tells you that he does. You should:

• Correct Answer-ask him what he takes, how much, and when he last took it. When caring for a patient who takes numerous medications, it is best to: - Correct Answer-take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report. The secondary assessment of a medical patient - Correct Answer-is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short. You have just completed your primary assessment of a 48-year-old man with crushing chest pain. The patient has been given 324 mg of aspirin and is receiving high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask. As you begin your secondary assessment, you note that his mental status has deteriorated and he is now bradycardic. You should: - Correct Answer-prepare the patient for immediate transport. When performing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with nontraumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs, you should: - Correct Answer-focus on his or her chief complaint. It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem. - Correct Answer-neurologic Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardiovascular problem? - Correct Answer-jugular venous distention A 33-year-old female presents with lower abdominal quadrant pain. She is conscious and alert, but in moderate pain. While your partner is asking her questions about her medical history, you take her vital signs. When you assess her radial pulse, you are unable to locate it. You should: - Correct Answer-assess the rate, regularity, and quality of her carotid pulse. End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is clearly indicated for patients who present with: - Correct Answer-respiratory distress.

Reassessment of a patient with a medical complaint should begin by: - Correct Answer- repeating the primary assessment. The primary prehospital treatment for most medical emergencies: - Correct Answer- addresses the patient's symptoms more than the actual disease process. Which of the following medications would the EMT LEAST likely administer to a patient with a medical complaint? - Correct Answer-naloxone (Narcan) When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should: - Correct Answer-limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible. The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made: - Correct Answer-after the primary assessment has been completed. Which of the following conditions often requires transport to a hospital with specialized capabilities that may not be available at the closest hospital? - Correct Answer-stroke and heart attack After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to: - Correct Answer-take standard precautions. Typical chief complaints in patients with an infectious disease include: - Correct Answer- fever, rash, nausea, and difficulty breathing. In addition to obtaining a SAMPLE history and asking questions related to the chief complaint, what else should you inquire about when assessing a patient with a potentially infectious disease? - Correct Answer-recent travel An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as: - Correct Answer-a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small harmful organisms within the body. Which of the following statements regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is correct? - Correct Answer-The risk of HIV infection is greatest when deposited on a mucous membrane or directly into the bloodstream. Syphilis is a: - Correct Answer-bloodborne disease that can successfully be treated with penicillin. Early signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following, EXCEPT: - Correct Answer-jaundice and abdominal pain. Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis A is correct? - Correct Answer- Hepatitis A can only be transmitted by a patient who has an acute infection.

Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it: - Correct Answer-has a greater ability to produce disease. A patient who presents with a headache, fever, confusion, and red blotches on his or her skin should be suspected of having: - Correct Answer-meningitis. Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they:

• Correct Answer-cough In contrast to viral hepatitis, toxin-induced hepatitis: - Correct Answer-is not a communicable disease. Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that: - Correct Answer-you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34- year-old patient. Which of the following statements regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct? - Correct Answer-MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics. Factors that increase the risk for developing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) include: - Correct Answer-prolonged hospitalization, especially in an intensive care unit. A patient who was bitten by a mosquito and presents with signs and symptoms of illness should be suspected of having: - Correct Answer-West Nile virus. Which of the following statements regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is correct? - Correct Answer-SARS is caused by a virus and usually starts with flulike symptoms that deteriorate to pneumonia and respiratory failure. Which of the following statements regarding the H1N1 virus is correct? - Correct Answer-It is only one type of influenza among the many other strains of influenza that exist and infect humans. meningitis - Correct Answer-inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain ad spinal cors, usually caused by a virus or bacterium SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) - Correct Answer-potentially life threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should: - Correct

Answer-c. Manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit. Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to: - Correct Answer-c. Administer oxygen with the appropriate device. A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, his pulse is 104 beats/min, and his respirations are 16 breaths/min. Your partner has applied supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction and he tells you that he does. You should:

• Correct Answer-a. Ask him what he takes, how much, and when he last took it. A 33-year-old female presents with lower abdominal quadrant pain. She is conscious and alert, but in moderate pain. While your partner is asking her questions about her medical history, you take her vital signs. When you assess her radial pulse, you are unable to locate it. You should: - Correct Answer-c. Assess the rate, regularity, and quality of her carotid pulse. A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/ mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: - Correct Answer-c. Epinephrine. A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition? - Correct Answer-d. Spontaneous pneumothorax You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with: - Correct Answer-a. Acute pulmonary embolism. A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient? - Correct Answer-b. Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment

You receive a call for a 70-year-old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure; however, he does not think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should: - Correct Answer-c. Assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should: - Correct Answer-b. Instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can. A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should: - Correct Answer-b. Provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed. A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should: - Correct Answer-a. Apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes: - Correct Answer-c. Placing her in an upright position. You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high-flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should: - Correct Answer-c. Remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport. A 66-year-old woman presents with a stabbing pain in the middle of her chest that radiates to her back. She tells you that the pain suddenly began about 30 minutes ago and has been severe since the onset. She has a history of hypertension, but admits to being noncompliant with her antihypertensive medications. When you assess her, you find that her blood pressure is significantly higher in her left arm than it is in her right arm. What are her signs and symptoms MOST indicative of? - Correct Answer-a. Dissecting aortic aneurysm

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should: - Correct Answer-c. Assess the adequacy of his respirations. A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should: - Correct Answer-d. Administer oxygen, give her 324 mg aspirin, and assess her further. A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do? - Correct Answer-a. Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR. During your treatment of a woman in cardiac arrest, you apply the AED, analyze her cardiac rhythm, and receive a "no shock advised" message. This indicates that: - Correct Answer-a. She is not in ventricular fibrillation. You are dispatched to a convenience store for a patient who passed out. Upon arriving at the scene, you find two bystanders performing CPR on the patient, a 58-year-old male. Your initial action should be to: - Correct Answer-a. Have the bystanders stop CPR and assess the patient. Cardiac arrest occurs when: - Correct Answer-(All of the above.) The heart is not pumping at all. The normal electrical impulses are absent or disrupted. The mechanical response to the electrical impulse does not occur. Instead of smooth contractions, the heart may show uncoordinated twitching known as:

• Correct Answer-Ventricular fibrillation. Following cardiac arrest, brain cells begin to die: - Correct Answer-Within 4 to 6 minutes. Which of the following is NOT a link in the American Heart Association's chain of survival? - Correct Answer-Early hospitalization In general, there are two types of AEDs: fully automated and semiautomated. Semiautomated AEDs: - Correct Answer-Indicate to the operator when a shock is advised so he or she can push another button to deliver the shock. Ventricular fibrillation is: - Correct Answer-A disorganized cardiac rhythm that produces no pulse or cardiac output.

Which of the following is true regarding defibrillation with an AED? - Correct Answer- Mechanical error of an AED is usually caused by poorly charged batteries. Which of the following is true regarding cardiac arrest in children under 8 years of age?

• Correct Answer-Cardiac arrest in children is most often due to hypoxia from airway compromise. You arrive on the scene to find an adult patient in cardiac arrest. You should immediately: - Correct Answer-Perform CPR for 2 minutes prior to attaching the AED. If a razor is not available, how should the EMT place the AED electrodes on a patient with an extremely hairy chest? - Correct Answer-Stick one set of pads to the patient's chest and quickly pull them off to remove the hair. Then place the second set of pads. shock - Correct Answer-insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to body cells resulting in inadequate circulation of blood. Also called hypoperfusion. Loss of blood volume - Correct Answer-results in decreased preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output. If the pump fails, regardless of blood volume, - Correct Answer-delivery of oxygen and glucose to the cells will be decreased. In order to have adequate blood pressure, - Correct Answer-vessel tone must be maintained. hypovolemic shock - Correct Answer-shock caused by the loss of blood or fluid from the intravascular space resulting in a low blood volume. distributive shock - Correct Answer-shock associated with a decrease in intravascular volume caused by massive systemic vasodilatation and and increase in capillary permeability. cardiogenic shock - Correct Answer-poor perfusion result ing in an ineffective pump function of the heart. obstructive shock - Correct Answer-a poor perfusion state resulting from a condition that obstructs forward blood flow. hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock - Correct Answer-shock from the loss of whole blood from the intravascular space. Often called just hemorrhagic shock. nonhemorrhagic hypovolemic shock - Correct Answer-caused by loss of fluid from the intravascular space with red blood cells and hemoglobin remaining within the vessels.

anaphylactic shock - Correct Answer-distributive shock in which chemical mediators cause massive systemic vasodilatation and permeable, leaking capillaries. septic shock - Correct Answer-a type of distributive shock caused by an infection that releases bacteria or toxins into the blood. neurogenic shock - Correct Answer-a type of distributive shock that results from a massive vasodilatation. Also called vasogenic shock. compensatory shock - Correct Answer-stage of shock in which a cascade of organ and gland stimulation and hormones increases blood pressure, restores atrial wall tension, and maintains near normal blood pressure and perfusion of vital organs. decompensatory shock - Correct Answer-stage of shock in which he body's compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain a blood pressure and perfusion of the vital organs. irreversible shock - Correct Answer-stage in which interventions cannot prevent the advance of shock to death. resuscitation - Correct Answer-bringing a patient back from a potential or apparent death. cardiac arrest - Correct Answer-the cessation of cardiac function with the patient displaying no pulse, no breathing, and unresponsiveness. sudden death - Correct Answer-death of a patient within one hour of the onset of signs and symptoms. downtime - Correct Answer-the time from cardiac arrest until effective CPR; total downtime the time from cardiac arrest until delivery to the emergency department. return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) - Correct Answer-spontaneous pulse return during resuscitation. survival - Correct Answer-term applied to a patient who survives cardiac arrest to be discharged from the hospital. chain of survival - Correct Answer-series of interventions - early access, CPR, defibrillation, and ACLS - that provides the best chance for successful cardiac resuscitation. defibrillation - Correct Answer-electrical shock delivered to help the heart restore normal rhythm

automated external defibrillator (AED) - Correct Answer-a device that can analyze the electrical activity or rhythm of a patients heart and deliver an electrical shock (defibrillation) if appropriate. asystole - Correct Answer-a heart rhythm indicating absence of any electrical activity in the heart. Which of the following conditions is more common in women than in men? - Correct Answer-cystitis Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space? - Correct Answer- gallbladder Functions of the liver include: - Correct Answer-production of substances necessary for blood clotting. You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a young male with abdominal pain. Your priority upon arriving at the scene should be to: - Correct Answer-assess the scene for potential hazards. Peritonitis may result in shock because: - Correct Answer-fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues. In the presence of ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by: - Correct Answer-vomiting. Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and anorexia are MOST indicative of: - Correct Answer-appendicitis. Elderly patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of: - Correct Answer-age-related deterioration of their sensory systems. A 35-year-old mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. The MOST likely cause of her pain is: - Correct Answer-acute cholecystitis Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct? - Correct Answer- Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness. Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who - Correct Answer-drink a lot of alcohol. Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct? - Correct Answer-The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum: - Correct Answer-is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation. The MOST common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is:

• Correct Answer-peritonitis. Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in: - Correct Answer- leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity. The parietal peritoneum lines the: - Correct Answer-walls of the abdominal cavity. An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to: - Correct Answer-provide emotional support en route to the hospital. Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies? - Correct Answer-spleen You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should: - Correct Answer-leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport. Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in: - Correct Answer-an ulcer. The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by: - Correct Answer-removing sodium, and thus water, from the body. A 59-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should: - Correct Answer-administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport. Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to: - Correct Answer-lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen. Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured? - Correct Answer-liver Patients with acute abdominal pain should not be given anything to eat or drink because: - Correct Answer-substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration.

A strangulated hernia is one that: - Correct Answer-loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues. Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct? - Correct Answer-Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself. A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to: - Correct Answer-protect her airway from aspiration. Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called: - Correct Answer-referred pain. Diverticulitis occurs in which quadrant? - Correct Answer-left lower quadrant An aortic aneurysm will occur in which area of the body? - Correct Answer-lower back and lower quadrants The type of pain where the patient experiences tenderness when direct pressure is applied but severe pain when that pressure is released is called: - Correct Answer- rebound tenderness You are transporting a 49-year-old male with "tearing" abdominal pain. You are approximately 30 miles away from the closest hospital. During your reassessment, you determine that the patient's condition has deteriorated significantly. You should: - Correct Answer-consider requesting ALS When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should: - Correct Answer-palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful. Correct A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to: - Correct Answer-be alert for signs and symptoms of shock Solid abdominal organs include the: - Correct Answer-spleen kidney and pancreas The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock includes: - Correct Answer-transporting the patient without delay.

A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain? - Correct Answer-kidney Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n): - Correct Answer-disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? - Correct Answer-The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen. A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. You apply 100% oxygen and assess her blood glucose level, which reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop: - Correct Answer-A) Severe insulin shock B) acidosis and dehydration. C) complete renal failure D) Hypoxia and overhydration A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she: - Correct Answer-is significantly hyperglycemic. Insulin shock will MOST likely develop if a patient: - Correct Answer-takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin. A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing: - Correct Answer-a heart attack. A 29-year-old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should: - Correct Answer-provide ventilatory support. You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include:q - Correct Answer-applying a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min. When assessing an unconscious diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the: - Correct Answer-rate and depth of breathing.

A 19-year-old male complains of "not feeling right." His insulin and a syringe are on a nearby table. The patient says he thinks he took his insulin and cannot remember whether he ate. He is also unable to tell you the time or what day it is. The glucometer reads "error" after several attempts to assess his blood glucose level. In addition to administering oxygen, you should: - Correct Answer-contact medical control and administer oral glucose. Type 1 Diabetes: - Correct Answer-A) is typically treated with medications such as Glucophage B) is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body C) typically occurs in patients between 50 and 70 years of age D) is defined as a blood sugar level that is less than 120 mg/dL Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should: - Correct Answer-properly dispose of the syringe. While auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. This indicates: - Correct Answer- narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs. Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, EXCEPT: - Correct Answer-drying of the eyes. The two MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are: - Correct Answer-wheezing and widespread urticaria. After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should: - Correct Answer-monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine. Most patients who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first __________ following exposure. - Correct Answer-30 minutes Chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include: - Correct Answer-histamines and leukotrienes. The stinger from a honeybee should be: - Correct Answer-scraped away from the skin. Urticaria is the medical term for: - Correct Answer-hives. Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines? - Correct Answer- diphenhydramine (Benadryl) A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called: - Correct Answer-a wheal.

A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient? - Correct Answer-Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept. Which of the following MOST accurately defines an allergic reaction? - Correct Answer- an exaggerated immune system response to any substance The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration. - Correct Answer-1 minute The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the pediatric auto-injector delivers ______ mg. - Correct Answer-0.3, 0. Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n): - Correct Answer-extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems. Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction? - Correct Answer-a 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin A 73-year-old man presents with a generalized rash, which he thinks may have been caused by an antibiotic that he recently began taking. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and emphysema. He is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 144/94 mm Hg, and his pulse is 64 beats/min and regular. You auscultate his breath sounds and hear scattered wheezing, although he is not experiencing respiratory distress. In addition to administering oxygen, you should: - Correct Answer- contact medical control if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration. Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction? - Correct Answer-the environment in which the patient is found A 48-year-old male is found unconscious in the garden by his wife. When you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, has severely labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. You should: - Correct Answer-maintain his airway and assist his ventilations. A 38-year-old female was bitten by fire ants while at the park with her kids. Your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious, has profoundly labored breathing, and has a rapid, thready pulse. She has a red rash on her entire body and her face is very swollen. You should: - Correct Answer-assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen. The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n): - Correct Answer-allergen.

Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting: - Correct Answer-it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes. A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should - Correct Answer-administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital. You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should: - Correct Answer-request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine. Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction? - Correct Answer-vasoconstriction and bronchodilation Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT: - Correct Answer-drowsiness. Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when: - Correct Answer- wheezing and hypotension are present substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as - Correct Answer-knowingly misusing substances to produce a desired effect the EMTs primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to - Correct Answer-recognize that a poisoning has occurred heroin is an example of an - Correct Answer-opioid hypotension,hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of - Correct Answer-oxycodone(Percocet) signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose includes - Correct Answer- tachycardia which of the following drugs is NOT a sedative-hypnotic - Correct Answer-cocaine your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49 year old male with bradycardia which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience - Correct Answer-dry mucous membranes

which of the following questions would be LEAST pertinence during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance - Correct Answer-why was the substance ingested a poison that enters the body by ______ is the MOST difficult to treat. - Correct Answer- injection the poison control center will be able to provide you with the most information regarding the appropriate treatment for a patient with a drug overdose if the center - Correct Answer-is aware of the substance that is involved which of the following statements regarding inhaled poisons is correct - Correct Answer- lung damage may progress after the patient is removed from the environment your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to - Correct Answer-avoid contaminating yourself phosphorus or elemental sodium should be brushed off the skin instead of irrigated with water because - Correct Answer-these chemicals may ignite upon contact with water most poisonings occur via the ________ route - Correct Answer-ingestion syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended to treat patients who have ingested a poisonous substance because it - Correct Answer-may result in aspiration of vomitus activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substance because because it - Correct Answer-binds to the substance and prevents absorption. in general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they - Correct Answer-are usually absorbed quickly into the body. as you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should - Correct Answer-be alert for personal hazards your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an intoxicated inmate. upon arrival, you find the patient, a 33 year old male. lying supine in a jail cell. he is responsive to painful stimuli only and has slow, shallow respirations. you should be MOST concerned that this patient - Correct Answer-may vomit and aspirate you receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unconscious on the couch. the patient is unresponsive, her respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats per minutes, and her pulse is weak. the husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone(vicodin) which was refilled the day before. you should: - Correct Answer-initiate ventilator assistance

it is MOST important to determine a patients weight when asking questions pertaining to a toxic ingestion because - Correct Answer-activated charcoal is given based on a patients weight airborne substances are diluted with - Correct Answer-oxygen activated charcoal administration in contraindicated in patients who have ingested - Correct Answer-acids or alkalis common names for activated charcoal include all of the following except - Correct Answer-fructose the usual dose for activated charcoal is up to ____ for a pediatric patient and up to ____ for an adult patient. - Correct Answer-12.5, 25g a 4 year old male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). the child's mother states that the ingestion occurred approximately 20 minutes ago. the child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. after contacting medical control, you should - Correct Answer-administer up to 25 g of activated charcoal before giving activated charcoal you should - Correct Answer-obtain approval form medical control the major side effect associated with ingestion of activated charcoal is: - Correct Answer-black stools after administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to - Correct Answer-be alter for vomiting a person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing an - Correct Answer-tolernance the most commonly abused drug in the united states is - Correct Answer-alcohol a hypnotic drug is one that: - Correct Answer-induces sleep when caring for a know alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that - Correct Answer-internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the bloods ability to colt DTs is a syndrome associated with withdraw from - Correct Answer-alcohol a 49 year old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. the patients wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. this patient is Most likely experiencing - Correct Answer-DT's

during your assessment of a 50 year old male who was found unconscious in an alley, you note that he has slow, shallow respirations, significant bradycardia, facial cyanosis, and pinpoint pupils. as your partner begins assisting the patients ventilations, he directs your attention to the patients arms, which have multiple needle tracks on them. this patients clinical presentation is MOST consistent with - Correct Answer-a heroin overdose you and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen, and propoxyphene (daron). the patient is unresponsive , his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. treatment for this patient with include - Correct Answer-assisted ventilation, naloxone (narcan), and rapid transport you respond to a local motel for a young female who was sexually assaulted. the patient is conscious but confused, she tells you that the last thing she remembers was drinking beer at a club with her friends the night before, when she awoke, she was in the bed of the motel room. you should be most suspicious that this patient - Correct Answer-was given flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) you respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. after law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patients dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed, he appears agitated. as you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. he is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110. treatment for this patient includes - Correct Answer-attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen is tolerated in an apparent suicide attempt, a 19 year old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil) at present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. her blood pressure is 90/50 her pulse is 140 and irregular , and her respirations are 22 breaths with adequate depth. when transporting this patient, you should be most alert for - Correct Answer-seizures and cardiac arrhythmias you are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39 year old female who is sick. when you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. she is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. you quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. initial management for this patient should include

• Correct Answer-assisted ventilation with bag mask device atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride are antidotes for - Correct Answer-nerve gas agents a patient who presents with rapid breathing, nausea and vomiting, ringing in the ears, and a high fever should be suspected of ingesting a significant quantity of - Correct Answer-aspirin

an overdose on acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will most likely cause - Correct Answer-liver failure which of the following statements regarding the salmonella bacterium is correct - Correct Answer-the salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning a 3 year old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. the childs mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. after completing your initial assessment of the child, you should - Correct Answer-administer 25g of activated charcoal ____________ is what you can see of a person's response to the environment. - Correct Answer-Behavior The term "behavioral crisis" is MOST accurately defined as: - Correct Answer-any reaction that interferes with activities of daily living or is deemed unacceptable by others. From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least: - Correct Answer-1 month. In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person: - Correct Answer-demonstrates agitation or violence or becomes a threat to himself or herself, or to others. When assessing a patient who is displaying bizarre behavior, the EMT should: - Correct Answer-consider that an acute medical illness may be causing the patient's behavior. Organic brain syndrome is MOST accurately defined as: - Correct Answer-a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function A 78-year-old female presents with an acute change in her behavior. The patient's son tells you that his mother has type 2 diabetes and was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 6 months ago. The patient's speech is slurred and she is not alert to her surroundings. You should: - Correct Answer-inquire about the possibility of head trauma. Which of the following conditions or factors would be the LEAST likely to result in a change in behavior? - Correct Answer-antihypertensive medications Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder? - Correct Answer-schizophrenia The first step in assessing a patient with a behavioral emergency is to: - Correct Answer-ensure your safety.

You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in an upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should: - Correct Answer-remain in a safe place and request law enforcement. General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include: - Correct Answer-being prepared to spend extra time with the patient. A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should: - Correct Answer-calmly identify yourself to the patient. When assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should: - Correct Answer-be direct and clearly state your intentions. A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unconscious and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should: - Correct Answer-open the patient's airway and assess his respirations. A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should: - Correct Answer-ask the daughter how her father normally behaves. A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called: - Correct Answer-reflective listening. Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct? - Correct Answer-A physical examination for a behavioral problem may be difficult to perform but may provide clues to the patient's state of mind and thought processes. You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system? - Correct Answer-rapid eye movement Assessing the blood pressure and oxygen saturation of a patient with a behavioral crisis should be performed: - Correct Answer-if doing so will not worsen his or her emotional distress.

In addition to ensuring his or her own safety, the EMT's responsibility when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to: - Correct Answer-diffuse and control the situation and safely transport the patient. Common causes of acute psychotic behavior include all of the following, EXCEPT: - Correct Answer-Alzheimer's disease. The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is: - Correct Answer- depression. You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation? - Correct Answer-Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan. People at risk for suicide include all of the following, EXCEPT: - Correct Answer-married males older than 30 years. It is MOST important for the EMT to remember that suicidal patients may: - Correct Answer-be homicidal as well. Signs of agitated delirium include: - Correct Answer-diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations. Law enforcement personnelrequest your assistance for a 30-year-old man who they pulled over for erratic driving. The patient became acutely violent while he was being questioned, which required one of the officers to subdue him with a Taser. When you arrive and assess the patient, you find that he is very agitated and is experiencing apparent hallucinations. His skin is flushed and diaphoretic. You should: - Correct Answer-limit physical contact with the patient as much as possible and avoid interrupting him if he is attempting to communicate with you. A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to: - Correct Answer-restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries. You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling

obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient's potential for violence? - Correct Answer-his large body When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she: - Correct Answer- has gathered patient history information. When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should: - Correct Answer-place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags. During your assessment of a young female with nontraumatic vaginal bleeding, you note that her level of consciousness is decreased, her respirations are rapid and shallow, her skin is cool and moist, and her pulse is rapid and weak. You should: - Correct Answer-assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct? - Correct Answer-Rape is a legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis. In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall: - Correct Answer-becomes engorged with blood. Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct? - Correct Answer-PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy. The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be: - Correct Answer-limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries. Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be - Correct Answer-given the option of being treated by a female EMT Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when - Correct Answer-normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms. Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct? - Correct Answer- Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women. Which of the following conditions does NOT typically present with vaginal discharge? - Correct Answer-genital herpes Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the: - Correct Answer-fallopian tube.

General treatment for a woman with vaginal bleeding and shock following sexual assault includes all of the following, EXCEPT: - Correct Answer-carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when: - Correct Answer-normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms. A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should: - Correct Answer-administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay. PID typically does NOT affect the: - Correct Answer-urinary bladder. When a female has reached menarche - Correct Answer-she is capable of becoming pregnant. Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be: - Correct Answer-given the option of being treated by a female EMT. When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should - Correct Answer-keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words. It is not uncommon for young females who experience their first menstrual period to: - Correct Answer-experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted. Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to PID if left untreated? - Correct Answer-chlamydia You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who complains of lower abdominal pain, fever and chills, and a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Which of the following additional assessment findings would increase your index of suspicion for PID? - Correct Answer-a shuffling gait when walking Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should: - Correct Answer-provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.

Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with PID? - Correct Answer-lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to: - Correct Answer-maintain her ABCs and transport without delay. When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should: - Correct Answer-keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words.