EMT-B AAOS Final Test QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025, Exams of Health sciences

Download EMT-B AAOS Final Test QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! EMT-B AAOS Final Test QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 You suspect that a 6-year-old girl has broken her leg after falling from a swing at a playground. Shortly after you arrive, the child's mother appears and refuses to allow you to continue treatment. You should: A. use your authority under the implied consent law. B. ask the mother to sign a refusal form and then leave. C. tell the mother that her refusal is a form of child abuse. D. try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed. D. try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed. A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should: A. place him in a position of comfort, deliver oxygen via nasal cannula, and closely monitor his breathing. B. force fluid from his alveoli by hyperventilating him with a bag-mask device at a rate of at least 20 breaths/min. C. place him in a supine position and assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen. D. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. D. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should: A. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. B. deliver a series of five back blows and then reassess his condition. C. place the child in a supine position and perform abdominal thrusts. D. carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. A. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing scant vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should: A. place her in a left lateral recumbent position. B. position her supine and elevate her legs 12″. C. carefully place sterile gauze into her vagina. D. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. A. place her in a left lateral recumbent position. A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: A. insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block. B. select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it. C. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. D. continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx. C. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A. performing a series of abdominal thrusts. B. finger sweeps to remove the obstruction. C. encouraging him to cough and transporting. D. a series of back blows and chest thrusts. C. encouraging him to cough and transporting. Febrile seizures: A. are usually benign but should be evaluated. B. are also referred to as petit mal seizures. C. often result in permanent brain damage. D. occur when a child's fever progressively rises. A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer 100% oxygen and give him epinephrine via subcutaneous injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: A. request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away. B. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack. C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. D. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route. C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient? A. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept. B. Remain at the scene with the patient and request a paramedic ambulance. C. Quickly determine if there are any bystanders who may carry epinephrine. D. Ask the patient if he has any diphenhydramine (Benadryl) tablets that you can administer. A. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept. A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this patient? A. 100% supplemental oxygen B. treating her for possible shock C. gentle palpation of the pelvis D. performing a full-body scan C. gentle palpation of the pelvis An IO needle is inserted into the: A. distal femur. B. proximal fibula. C. proximal tibia. D. distal humerus. C. proximal tibia. You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should: A. apply a nonrebreathing mask. B. begin ventilatory assistance. C. obtain baseline vital signs. D. attach the automated external defibrillator (AED) immediately. B. begin ventilatory assistance. The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called: A. convection. B. radiation. C. conduction. D. evaporation. D. evaporation. After recognizing that an incident involves a hazardous material, you should contact the hazardous materials team and then: A. not allow anyone within 25′ to 50′ of the incident scene. B. take measures to ensure the safety of yourself and others. C. identify the chemical using the Emergency Response Guidebook. D. don standard equipment before gaining access to any patients. B. take measures to ensure the safety of yourself and others. After intubating a 44-year-old unconscious, apneic male, you place him on the ambulance stretcher and prepare to load him into the ambulance. After he is placed into the ambulance, you should: A. continue ventilations with an automatic ventilator. B. reconfirm that the ET tube is still correctly positioned. C. hyperventilate the patient for approximately 30 seconds. D. reassess the patient's vital signs and attach an AED. B. reconfirm that the ET tube is still correctly positioned. You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should: A. ask your partner to apply cricoid pressure. B. remove the oral airway and suction her oropharynx. C. roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway. D. perform a finger sweep of her mouth. C. roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway. A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: A. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. B. control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once. C. direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device. D. place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure. A. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe: A. the warning signs that occur shortly before a heart attack. B. a severe decrease in perfusion caused by changes in heart rate. C. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia. D. the exact moment that a coronary artery is completely occluded. C. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia. Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by: A. widespread dilation of the systemic vasculature. B. decreased pumping force of the heart muscle. C. hypovolemia secondary to severe vomiting. D. a profound increase in the patient's heart rate. B. decreased pumping force of the heart muscle. An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may: A. result in airway swelling. B. result in a soft-tissue injury. C. cause the child to vomit. D. depress the gag reflex. C. cause the child to vomit. What is the minimum number of chest compressions that should be delivered per minute to a 4- month-old infant? B. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, position him on his left side with his head down, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility. C. suction his mouth and nose, keep him supine and elevate his legs to prevent air bubbles from entering his brain, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport to a hyperbaric chamber. D. place him in a semi-sitting position, suction his mouth and nose, apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, and transport to the closest emergency department. B. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, position him on his left side with his head down, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility. The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by: A. possible spinal injury. B. alcohol intoxication. C. cold water immersion. D. an air embolism. A. possible spinal injury. A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should: A. administer 100% supplemental oxygen. B. apply direct pressure to the wound. C. elevate his legs and keep him warm. D. ensure that his airway is patent. B. apply direct pressure to the wound. Signs of late heatstroke include: A. a change in behavior. B. a weak, rapid pulse. C. hot, moist skin. D. nausea and vomiting. B. a weak, rapid pulse. A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient? A. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment B. assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device and a head-to-toe exam C. oxygen via a nasal cannula, vital signs, and prompt transport to the hospital D. positive-pressure ventilations and immediate transport to the closest hospital A. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight- fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should: A. remove her dentures at once and increase the rate and volume of your ventilations. B. leave her dentures in place, but carefully monitor her for an airway obstruction. C. remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise. D. attempt to replace her dentures so that they fit tightly and resume ventilations. C. remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise. According to the JumpSTART triage system, infants or children not developed enough to walk or follow commands, including children with special needs: A. are initially triaged on the basis of whether or not they have distal pulses. B. are treated immediately in the primary triage area and then transported. C. should be taken to the treatment area for immediate secondary triage. D. are the first to be transported, regardless of the severity of their injuries. C. should be taken to the treatment area for immediate secondary triage. An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when: A. the heart muscle progressively weakens and dysfunctions. B. myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen. C. the entire left ventricle is damaged and cannot pump blood. D. coronary artery dilation decreases blood flow to the heart. B. myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen. Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. In addition to monitoring her ABCs, administering oxygen, and turning up the heat in the back of the ambulance, you should: A. place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling. B. apply the AED in case she develops cardiopulmonary arrest, cover her with layers of blankets, and transport carefully. C. cover her with warm blankets and let her move about on the stretcher in order to generate body heat and increase her temperature. D. sit her up and give her small sips of warm water to drink, place heat packs to her axillae and groin, and cover her with blankets. A. place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling. Characteristics of a safe ambulance operator include: A. realizing that lights and siren will be effective traffic tools. B. an offensive attitude about driving during an emergency call. C. a positive attitude about the ability to tolerate other drivers. D. the ability to operate an ambulance at a high rate of speed. C. a positive attitude about the ability to tolerate other drivers. You respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious, has slow, shallow breathing, and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a DNR order for this patient; however, they are unable to locate it. You should: A. begin treatment and contact medical control as needed. B. transport the patient without providing any treatment. C. honor the patient's wishes and withhold all treatment. D. decide on further action once the DNR order is produced. A. begin treatment and contact medical control as needed. You and your partner arrive at the side of a 60-year-old woman who suddenly collapsed about 7 minutes ago. She is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should: A. immediately apply the AED and analyze her cardiac rhythm. B. begin CPR at a compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2. C. apply the AED if there is no response after 10 cycles of CPR. D. perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for about 2 minutes and then apply the AED. D. perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for about 2 minutes and then apply the AED. A 30-year-old female presents with severe acute pain to the left upper quadrant of her abdomen. During your assessment, she tells you that she has sickle cell disease. You should suspect that: A. her spleen is enlarged because of red blood cell engorgement. B. she is experiencing an aplastic crisis and needs a blood transfusion. and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should: A. advise her to see her physician as soon as possible. B. position her legs well above the level of her heart. C. request a paramedic unit to administer epinephrine. D. administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital. D. administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital. You are dispatched to a convenience store for a patient who passed out. Upon arriving at the scene, you find two bystanders performing CPR on the patient, a 58-year-old male. Your initial action should be to: A. quickly attach the AED and push the analyze button. B. assess the effectiveness of the bystanders' CPR. C. request a paramedic unit and quickly attach the AED. D. have the bystanders stop CPR and assess the patient. D. have the bystanders stop CPR and assess the patient. A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5°F and a severe headache. As you assess him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, which are all identical in shape and size. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: A. cutaneous anthrax. B. yellow fever virus. C. smallpox. D. sarin toxicity. C. smallpox. You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His Apgar score is: A. 9 B. 8 C. 7 D. 6 B. 8 A 12-lead ECG: A. may identify myocardial ischemia or injury. B. is only performed in the hospital setting. C. does not indicate the heart's primary pacemaker. D. is used by the EMT to diagnose a heart attack. A. may identify myocardial ischemia or injury. A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. His wife is present and is very upset. As your partner is applying oxygen, it is MOST important for you to: A. administer glucose to rule out hypoglycemia. B. ask his wife when she noticed the symptoms. C. list all of the patient's current medications. D. obtain a complete set of baseline vital signs. B. ask his wife when she noticed the symptoms. Which of the following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct? A. A maximum of five nitroglycerin doses should be given to a patient. B. The potency of nitroglycerin is increased when exposed to light. C. Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes. D. Nitroglycerin should be administered between the cheek and gum. C. Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes. Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by: A. a rupture of the amniotic sac just before the contractions begin. B. pink or red bloody show in conjunction with the contractions. C. regular contractions of progressively increasing intensity. D. alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions. D. alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions. A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unconscious and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should: A. wait for the police to examine him before providing care. B. ask the police to handcuff the patient for safety purposes. C. provide care after determining what Dilaudid is used for. D. open the patient's airway and assess his respirations. D. open the patient's airway and assess his respirations. You have just delivered a full-term infant. His respirations are rapid and irregular, and he has a strong cry. What should you do next? A. Allow the mother to hold her baby. B. Assess the brachial or umbilical pulse. C. Clamp and cut the umbilical cord. D. Begin assisting the newborn's breathing. B. Assess the brachial or umbilical pulse. In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient? A. an unconscious patient with a possible ischemic stroke B. a pedestrian with back pain after being struck by a car C. a conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain D. a patient who complains of hip pain following a fall C. a conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain In an unconscious patient, the most common airway obstruction is caused by: a. oral secretions b. dentures c. the tongue d. foreign objects c. the tongue While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should: A. stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts. B. place him in a supine position and open his airway. C. deliver up to five back blows and reassess him. D. encourage him to cough as forcefully as he can. A. stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts. A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should: A. perform a secondary assessment and then begin treatment. B. insert a nasal airway in case her mental status decreases. C. one third to one half the diameter of the chest. D. one half the diameter of the chest or about 1½″. C. one third to one half the diameter of the chest. According to the START triage system, which of the following patients should be triaged as an immediate priority (red tag)? A. unresponsive with a respiratory rate of 34 breaths/min B. conscious with a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min C. conscious, in severe pain, with radial pulses present D. apneic, despite manually opening the airway A. unresponsive with a respiratory rate of 34 breaths/min A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should: A. administer high-flow oxygen, perform a detailed assessment of her vaginal area for signs of trauma, place her on her side, and transport. B. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device, place one sterile dressing into her vagina, perform a rapid secondary assessment, and transport. C. administer high-flow oxygen, ask her to remove the tampon, perform a detailed secondary assessment, and transport promptly. D. administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay. B. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device, place one sterile dressing into her vagina, perform a rapid secondary assessment, and transport. During the transport phase of an ambulance call, it is MOST important to: A. reassess unstable patients at least every 15 minutes. B. complete the run form before arrival at the hospital. C. reassess the patient only if he or she deteriorates. D. converse with the patient and provide reassurance. D. converse with the patient and provide reassurance. An EMT may injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the: A. force is exerted straight down the spine. B. shoulder is aligned over the pelvis. C. back is bent forward at the hips. D. hands are held close to the legs. D. hands are held close to the legs. After sliding the piercing spike of the administration set into the IV bag port, you should next: A. ensure that the drip chamber is only half filled. B. adjust the drip chamber until fluid slowly drains. C. remove the protective cap and allow air to escape. D. prime the line and flush the air out of the tubing. D. prime the line and flush the air out of the tubing. Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves: A. back slaps. B. blind finger sweeps. C. oxygen. D. abdominal thrusts. A. back slaps. A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should: A. position her on her left side and transport at once. B. request a paramedic to give her a sedative drug. C. have her breathe into a paper or plastic bag. D. provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed. D. provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed. A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should: A. give her 100% oxygen, attach the AED, and transport immediately. B. give her one nitroglycerin and reassess her systolic blood pressure. C. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg aspirin, and assess her further. D. obtain a SAMPLE history and contact medical control for advice. C. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg aspirin, and assess her further. A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should: A. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin. B. assess the adequacy of his respirations. C. administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin. D. obtain vital signs and a SAMPLE history. B. assess the adequacy of his respirations. A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: A. apply a pressure dressing to the patient's arm. B. apply a cervical collar and suction his airway. C. open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. D. tilt the patient's head back and lift up on his chin. C. open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she: A. is significantly hyperglycemic. B. has a low blood glucose level. C. has overdosed on her insulin. D. has a urinary tract infection. A. is significantly hyperglycemic. Which of the following signs or symptoms would you NOT expect to encounter in a patient with congestive heart failure? A. hypertension and tachycardia B. hypotension and flat jugular veins C. trouble breathing while lying down D. the presence of rales in the lungs B. hypotension and flat jugular veins An attack on an abortion clinic would MOST likely be carried out by a(n): A disadvantage of the King LT airway is that it: A. cannot be used in patients who are shorter than 5′. B. most often enters the trachea because it is blindly inserted. C. is contraindicated in patients who are in cardiac arrest. D. does not completely protect the airway from aspiration. D. does not completely protect the airway from aspiration. A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA. A. 18% B. 36% C. 45% D. 27% A. 18% A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: A. acute myocardial infarction. B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion. C. severe septic hypoperfusion. D. a ruptured aortic aneurysm. B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion. Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle: A. flows into the pulmonary arteries. B. has a high concentration of oxygen. C. enters the systemic circulation. D. was received directly from the aorta. A. flows into the pulmonary arteries. You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should: A. immediately apply the AED pads and analyze his cardiac rhythm. B. perform five cycles of high-quality CPR and then apply the AED. C. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED without delay. D. perform two-rescuer CPR for 5 minutes and request ALS backup. C. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED without delay A 3-year-old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. The child's mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. After completing your initial assessment of the child, you should: A. immediately transport the child to the hospital. B. contact the regional poison control center. C. induce vomiting with syrup of ipecac. D. administer 25 g of activated charcoal. B. contact the regional poison control center. A portable oxygen cylinder should have a capacity of a minimum of ____ of oxygen. A. 250 L B. 750 L C. 500 L D. 1,000 L C. 500 L A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to applying 100% oxygen, you should: A. apply an automated external defibrillator (AED) and take his blood pressure. B. prepare for immediate transport. C. determine if he has cardiac problems. D. apply bulky dressings to the sternum. B. prepare for immediate transport. After the patient's airway is intubated during two-rescuer CPR, you should: A. decrease the compression rate to about 80 per minute. B. increase rescue breathing to a rate of 12 breaths/min. C. pause compressions to deliver ventilations. D. deliver one rescue breath every 6 to 8 seconds. D. deliver one rescue breath every 6 to 8 seconds. A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately: A. 10 hours. B. 8 hours. C. 4 hours. D. 16 hours. D. 16 hours. Sinus tachycardia is differentiated from a normal sinus rhythm by the: A. irregular heart rate. B. consistency of the P-R intervals. C. width of the QRS complexes. D. shape of the P waves. A. irregular heart rate. You suspect that a pregnant 16-year-old girl has a broken leg after she was hit by a car. You explain that you plan to splint her leg, and she agrees to treatment. What type of consent is her agreement considered? A. minor's B. informed C. expressed D. implied B. informed An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by: A. retracting the intercostal muscles. B. grunting. C. wheezing. D. assuming a tripod position. B. grunting. An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient? includes: A. oxygen at 4 L/min via nasal cannula. B. placing her in an upright position. C. nitroglycerin for her chest pain. D. ventilations with a bag-mask device. B. placing her in an upright position. You arrive at the scene of an apparent death. When evaluating the patient, which of the following is a definitive sign of death? A. profound cyanosis B. absent breath sounds C. absence of a pulse D. dependent lividity D. dependent lividity A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should: A. transport only if signs of shock begin to develop. B. assume that the arrow injured an internal organ. C. clean the wound and apply a dry, sterile dressing. D. carefully probe the wound to determine its depth. B. assume that the arrow injured an internal organ. A severe risk of terrorist attacks is indicated by the color _____ by the Department of Homeland Security Security Advisory System. A. green B. red C. blue D. orange B. red A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days' duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying 100% supplemental oxygen, you should: A. obtain a repeat blood pressure in 5 minutes. B. prepare for immediate transport. C. perform a head-to-toe exam. D. allow him to drink plain water. B. prepare for immediate transport. Equipment and supplies that are carried on an ambulance should be stored: A. as directed by the EMS system's medical director. B. based on recommendations of the health department. C. according to the urgency and frequency of their use. D. in locked or secured cabinets in order to prevent theft. C. according to the urgency and frequency of their use. A 35-year-old mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. The MOST likely cause of her pain is: A. acute cystitis. B. appendicitis. C. acute cholecystitis. D. pancreatitis. C. acute cholecystitis. A 49-year-old man has been removed from his overturned tanker, which was carrying a hazardous material. The tank ruptured and he was exposed to the material. When rescue personnel bring him to the decontamination area, they note that he is unconscious and has slow, shallow breathing. They should: A. defer the decontamination procedure and bring the patient directly to awaiting EMS personnel for immediate treatment. B. request that EMS personnel don standard precautions, enter the warm zone, and begin immediate treatment of the patient. C. cut away all of the patient's clothing and do a rapid rinse to remove as much of the contaminating matter as they can. D. decontaminate the patient as they would any other patient and then move him to the area where EMTs are waiting. C. cut away all of the patient's clothing and do a rapid rinse to remove as much of the contaminating matter as they can. You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: A. seal the mouth and nose. B. ventilate with less pressure. C. thoroughly suction the stoma. D. thrust the jaw forward. A. seal the mouth and nose. Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum? A. bronchioles B. larynx C. esophagus D. lungs C. esophagus You are assessing a 25-year-old woman who is 39 weeks pregnant. She is experiencing regular contractions that are approximately 3 minutes apart and states that her amniotic sac broke 2 hours ago. After taking the standard precautions, you should: A. apply 100% oxygen. B. assess her for crowning. C. transport her immediately. D. place her on her left side. B. assess her for crowning. An apneic infant or child should be ventilated a maximum of _______ times per minute. A. 15 B. 10 C. 30 D. 20 D. 20 A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing: A. alcohol intoxication. B. acute hypovolemia. C. DTs. D. acute schizophrenia.