EMT-basic Trauma Test questions verified with 100% correct answers, Exams of Traumatology

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EMT-basic Trauma Test

1. A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an alter- cation with a rival gang member. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control any obvious bleeding and then: A. auscultate bowel sounds. B. apply a cervical collar. C. assess for an exit wound. D. obtain baseline vital signs. ANS: C. assess for an exit wound. 2. You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on

his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should: A. perform a head-to-toe assessment and look for signs of trauma. B. administer one tube of oral glucose and reassess his mental status. C. place him in a sitting position and have him drink 1 L of water. D. load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions. ANS: D. load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions.

3. You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weath- er is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should: A. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. B. protect the affected part from further injury.

C. cover his foot with chemical heat compresses. D. rewarm his foot in 102°F to 104°F (38.9°C to 40°C) water. ANS: B. protect the affected part from further injury.

4. Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the follow- ing, EXCEPT: A. hot, dry skin. B. tachycardia. C. nausea. D. headache. ANS: A. hot, dry skin. 5. While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: A. open abdominal trauma. B. lower extremity fractures. C. neck and facial injuries. D. blunt trauma to the head. ANS: C. neck and facial injuries. 6. A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury

mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? A. Lateral impact to the spine B. Direct trauma to the spinal column C. Energy transmission to the spine D. Secondary fall after the initial impact ANS: C. Energy transmission to the spine

7. A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approx- imately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should: A. open his airway and give two rescue breaths. B. apply an AED and assess his cardiac rhythm. C. apply chemical heat packs to his groin and axillae.

D. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds. ANS: D. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.

8. All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT: A. frostnip. B. trench foot. C. immersion foot. D. frostbite. ANS: D. frostbite. 9. You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reported- ly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should: A. focus your initial treatment efforts on the patients who are conscious because the unresponsive patient is likely in irreversible cardiac arrest.

B. assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible. C. recognize that the patients who are conscious are at high risk for devel- oping cardiac arrest and quickly assess them for potentially life-threatening injuries. D. immediately begin CPR on the unresponsive patient, but cease resuscita- tion efforts if there is no response after 5 minutes of treatment. ANS: B. assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible.

10. Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma? A. Intravenous fluid administration B. Elevation of the lower extremities C. Rapid transport to a trauma center D. Early administration of oxygen ANS: C. Rapid transport to a trauma center

11. Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and

symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of: A. spinal cord injury. B. a fracture of the skull. C. airway compromise. D. intracranial bleeding. ANS: D. intracranial bleeding.

12. The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called: A. evaporation. B. convection. C. conduction. D. radiation. ANS: A. evaporation. 13. Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41- year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive with multiple injuries, assuming that travel times to each is equal? A. Only a Level I trauma center B. A Level I, Level II, or Level III trauma center C. A Level IV or Level III trauma center

D. Any designated trauma center is acceptable. ANS: A. Only a Level I trauma center

14. The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the: A. cardiovascular system. B. renal system. C. respiratory system. D. nervous system. ANS: D. nervous system. 15. The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by: A. alcohol intoxication. B. possible spinal injury. C. an air embolism. D. cold-water immersion. ANS: B. possible spinal injury.

16. A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: A. obtain baseline vital signs. B. stabilize her entire spine. C. inspect the helmet for cracks. D. leave her bicycle helmet on. ANS: B. stabilize her entire spine. 17. When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: A. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position. B. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma. C. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls. D. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury. ANS: A. osteoporo- sis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position. 18. Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

A. Rear-end and rotational B. Frontal and rotational C. Lateral and rollover D. Rotational and rollover ANS: D. Rotational and rollover

19. When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called: A. radiation. B. evaporation. C. convection. D. conduction. ANS: D. conduction. 20. The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: A. the way in which traumatic injuries occur.

B. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries. C. the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries. D. a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries. ANS: B. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

21. Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss? A. Abrasion B. Laceration C. Incision D. Avulsion ANS: A. Abrasion 22. A 54 y/o male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should: A. gently manipulate the injured leg until the numbness dissipates B. Control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

C. manually stabilize the leg above and below the site of injury. D. assess distal pulses as well as sensory and motor functions. ANS: B. Control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

23. A 17 y/o female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of pain. You should: A. keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints. B. flex her knee slightly more and assess for distal circulation. C. make one attempt to return the patella to its normal position. D. gently straighten her knee and apply a padded board splint. ANS: A. keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.

24. A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n): A. total loss of function of a bone. B. disruption in the midshaft of a bone. C. break in the continuity of the bone. D. abnormality in the structure of a bone. ANS: C. break in the continuity of the bone. 25. In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity? A. if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain B. if transport time to the hospital is >20-30 minutes C. when distal circulation and neurological functions are absent D. if a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity ANS: A. if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain 26. When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:

A. apply rigid board splints across the chest and back. B. carefully assess the patient for breathing problems. C. recognize that scapular fractures are life-threatening. D. assume that minimal force was applied to the back. ANS: B. carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.

27. An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which: A. bone ends protrude through the skin. B. a large laceration overlies the fracture. C. a bullet shatters the underlying bone.

D. the overlying skin is no longer intact. ANS: D. the overlying skin is no longer intact.

28. A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a... ANS: B. superficial burn 29. The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is.. ANS: Delaying trans- port of a critically injured patient 30. Crepitus and false motion are: A. indicators of severe sprain. B. most common with dislocations. C. positive indicators of a fracture. D. only seen with open fractures. ANS: C. positive indicators of a fracture. 31. Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because...: pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass. 32. In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless: A. the patient is in severe pain. B. deformity and swelling are present. C. transport time is less than 15 minutes.

D. the patient is clinically unstable. ANS: D. the patient is clinically unstable.

33. A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n)... ANS: Contusion. 34. A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should: A. carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing B. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing. C. carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial. D. thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile

dressing. ANS: B. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.

35. When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should.... ANS: Brush away the chemical before flushing with water. 36. A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound? A. carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport. B. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing. C. Cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position. D. Stabilize the head and perform a primary assessment. ANS: B. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing. 37. A 22 y/o female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head- on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should: A. administer oxygen and perform a rapid assessment.

B. apply manual stabilization to both femurs. C. assess for a carotid pulse and assist her ventilations. D. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment. ANS: D. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment

38. You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should: A. remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one. B. carefully manipulate the arm until the symptoms subside. C. remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one.

D. assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed. ANS: D. assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.

39. In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is... ANS: An air embolism. 40. Which of the following is a severe burn on a 65 y/o patient? A. superficial burn to 30% of the BSA B. full-thickness burn to 1% of the BSA C. second-degree burn covering 10% of the BSA D. partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA ANS: D. partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA 41. Injury to the head and neck may indicate injury to which spine? ANS: Cervical spine 42. The CNS is composed of....: the brain and spinal cord 43. A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should: A. irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water. B. neutralize the acid chemical in his eye with alkaline chemical.

C. flush both eyes with an alcohol-based solution and transport. D. mix baking soda with water and irrigate his eyes with the solution. ANS: A. irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

44. List the 5 sections of the spinal column in descending order. ANS: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal. 45. What is the most significant complication associated with facial injuries?- ANS: Airway compromise 46. During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should: A. immobilize his spine and transport immediately.

B. pack his nostrils to stop the drainage of blood. C. suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds. D. assist his ventilations with a BVM. ANS: C. suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.

47. Once a c-collar has been applied to a patient with possible spine injury, it should not be removed unless...: it causes a problem managing the airway. 48. If your patient swallows blood following facial trauma, there is an increased risk of .: vomiting 49. A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should: A. apply supplemental oxygen, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport. B. apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, suction as needed, disregard dis- lodged teeth, and transport.

C. immobilize her spine, irrigate her empty tooth sockets, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, and transport. D. assist ventilations, immobilize her spine, suction for 30 seconds, and transport. ANS: A. apply supplemental oxygen, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

50. What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?- : somatic 51. When stabilizing a large foreign object in the eye, you should first cover the eye with a moist dressing, then: A. surround the object with a doughnut-shaped collar made from gauze. B. irrigate the eye with saline.

C. apply tape around the object and then secure the tape to the forehead. D. place an ice pack over the eye to reduce swelling. ANS: A. surround the object with a doughnut-shaped collar made from gauze.

52. A 4 y/o female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should: A. remove the peanut with a cotton-tipped swab. B. thoroughly flush her ear with sterile saline. C. transport her to the ED. D. use tweezers to try to remove the objects. ANS: C. transport her to the ED. 53. When performing a full body scan, you should assess for: A. AVPU B. DCAP-BTLS C. OPQRST D. SAMPLE ANS: B. DCAP-BTLS 54. A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should only be removed if...: it interferes with your assessment of the airway. 55. In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion: