EMT Final Exam 2024-2025: Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download EMT Final Exam 2024-2025: Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 | P a g e EMT FINAL EXAM 2024-2025 WITH { 3 LATESTS VERSIONS} AND ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY GRADED A+|NEWEST|GUARANTEED PASS|LATEST UPDATE What structure is at the back of the nasal cavity? A. Larynx B. Oropharynx C. Nasopharynx D. Laryngopharynx Nasopharynx Which of the following statements about a child's respiratory anatomy is FALSE? A. A child has a smaller trachea B. A child uses the accessory muscles to breath C. A child's Cricoid cartilage is less rigid D. a child's tongue takes up more in the mouth a child uses the accessory muscles to breath The term contraindication is defined as a situation in which: A. a drug should be given B. a drug should not be given C. no drug of any kind should be given D. it does not matter if a drug is given or not a drug should not be given Your patient is a 56 year old man with chest pain. Medical control orders you to help the patient take a nitroglycerin tablet. The patient later tells you that he has a headache. This headache is known as: 2 | P a g e A. A sign B. A symptom C. An action D. A side effect a side effect Your primary responsibility at the scene of a call is: A. Patient care B. personal safety C. Notification of the proper authorities D. Communication with medical control personal safety What system combines community agencies and professional personnel to provide prehospital medical care to the sick and injured? A. Enhanced 911 systems B. Emergency medical services C. Hospital emergency departments D. Ambulance-to-hospital communications emergency medical services The best protection from infection is: A. Preventive antibiotics B. Routine immunizations C. A semi-annual physical exam D. Following body substance isolation techniques following body substance isolation techniques A patient who is allergic to bee stings may carry: A. Insecticide B. activated charcoal C. Epinephrine auto-injectors D. Prescribed inhalers Epinephrine auto-injectors The usual dose for activated charcoal is up to ______ g for a pediatric and up to _____ g for an adult patient. A. 10, 20 5 | P a g e The proper way for an EMT-B to elicit a painful response from her unresponsive patient is to: A. Firmly pinch the patients skin B. Tweak the patients nose C. Pull the patients hair D. Slap the patient firmly across the face and say "Snap Out Of It!" firmly pinch the patients skin All of the following are "High Priority Conditions" that merit quick transport to the hospital EXCEPT: A. Shock B. Difficulty Breathing C. Uncontrolled bleeding D. Hyperventilation hyperventilation Skinned elbows and knees, road rashes, mat burns, rug burns and brush burns are all examples of: A. Superficial B. Partial thickness burns C. abrasions D. Lacerations abrasions Where on the thigh should an epinephrine auto-injector be administered? A. Midway between the waist and the knee on the inside of the thigh B. Midway between the waist and the knee on the front of the thigh C. Midway between the waist and the knee on the back of the thigh D. Midway between the waist and the knee on the outside of the thigh Midway between the waist and the knee on the outside of the thigh To assist in controlling bleeding of an extremity, the extremity should be positioned: A. Over the patients head B. Below the level of the heart C. Above the level of the heart D. Any of the above Above the level of the heart If cerebrospinal fluid loss is noted, the EMT-B should: A. Apply pressure dressing B. Pack the ears and nose with a sterile dressing 6 | P a g e C. Inject saline into the wound D. Cover with loose gauze dressing cover with loose gauze dressing In order for an EMT-B to use and epinephrine auto injector, which criteria must exist: A. patient exhibits signs of severe allergic reaction B. The auto-injector is prescribed to this patient by a physician C. Medical direction authorizes its use D. All of the above All of the above Which of the following is a symptom of breathing difficulties? A. Increased pulse rate B. Pale, cyanotic skin C. Restlessness or anxiety D. all of the above All of the above The elbow is an example of a: A. ball-and-socket joint B. hinged joint C. All of the above D. none of the above hinged joint Severe bleeding form the leg can be controlled by applying pressure to a point over the _______ artery. A. Brachial B. Iliac C. Celiac D. Femoral femoral When you respond to an electrical hazard, such as downed power lines, you should do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Make sure the power company has been called B. Establish a danger zone and a safe zone C. Try and remove wires away from the accident vehicle D. Be alert to tingling in your legs and torso 7 | P a g e try and remove wires away from the accident vehicle The detailed physical exam differs from the rapid trauma assessment only in which of the following ways? A. It includes the examination of the face, ears, eyes, nose, and mouth during examination of the head B. It may be done less rapidly than the rapid trauma assessment C. It may be done enroute to the hospital D. All of the above All of the above A bulging fontanelle may be evident when: A. There is intracranial pressure B. When the infant is crying C. If the infant is dehydrated D. A and B only A and B only A disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contract and associated ligaments are stretched beyond the normal range of motion and often torn is known as a : A. Fracture B. Dislocation C. Sprain D. Strain dislocation Which of the following facial bones is not fused into an immovable joint? A. Maxillae B. Mandible C. Nasal D. Temporal Bone mandible Unoxygenated blood leaves the ________ via the _________ to go to the lungs to be oxygenated. A. Right atrium, aorta B. Right ventricle, pulmonary artery C. Left ventricle, pulmonary artery D. Right ventricle, pulmonary veins right ventricle, pulmonary artery 10 | P a g e B. 10-12 C. 20 D. 25 10-12 When taking a patients respiration rate: A. Always inform the patient that you will be counting his breaths before you do so. B. Count the respirations after taking the patients pulse, without moving your hand away from his or her wrist. The patient will be unaware that his respirations are being timed. C. It is illegal to perform any vital sign test without the patient's knowledge unless he or she is unconscious D. Respirations are unimportant to take unless the patient is unconscious Count the respirations after taking the patients pulse, without moving your hand away from his or her wrist. The patient will be unaware that his respirations are being timed. It is important to not use your thumb while taking the patients pulse rate because: A. The thumb is stronger than the other fingers and will exert excess pressure on the patient B. The thumb has a pulse of its own and you may end up reading your own pulse instead of your patients C. The thumb is not as sensitive to touch as your other fingers, and will make feeling a pulse much more difficult D. All of the above The thumb has a pulse of its own and you may end up reading your own pulse instead of your patients The skin color of a patient who is having difficulty breathing is often: A. Bright red B. Red C. Yellow D. Blue Blue The "P" in DCAP-BTLS stands for: A. Pain B. Poor perfusion C. Punctures/penetrations D. Pale Punctures/penetrations The initial sign of hypothermia is: 11 | P a g e A. Feeling of numbness B. White waxy skin C. Drowsiness and slow breathing D. Shivering Shivering Forcing a patient to go to the hospital against his or her will is known as: A. Battery B. Assault C. Implied consent D. Negligence Battery Which of the following could lead to ineffective CPR? A. The patient is not laying on a hard surface B. The EMT's hands are not correctly placed C. The chest is not being sufficiently compressed D. All of the above All of the above The extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient: A. Without a spinal injury B. Who complains of nausea C. With forearm lacerations D. With a deformed humerus With a deformed humerus How many beats per minute would a person experiencing tachycardia have? A. Below 60 B. Below 40 C. At least 60 D. 100 or above 100 or above You have been called to a scene where a 28 year old woman is pregnant with her 3rd child. Her contractions are about 2 minutes apart and she is complaining about having to go to the bathroom. What should you do? A. Prepare the mother for birth B. Wait 10 minutes and then prepare the mother for delivery 12 | P a g e C. Transport the patient sitting up D. Tell the mother not to push and transport Prepare the mother for birth What type of bleeding is difficult to control because of the high pressure? A. venous B. arterial C. capillary D. Lymphatic Arterial The primary method of controlling bleeding is by A. Elevation B. Direct pressure C. Pressure points D. packing the wound Direct pressure A man who has fallen from the roof of a two story house has obvious bone injuries to his lower extremities and is bleeding freely from a wound to his left side. He has a blood pressure of 104/54 mm Hg, a thready pulse of 128/min. After securing his airway and giving oxygen by mask at 15 LPM, you should next: A. Control the bleeding from the wound B. Splint the bone injuries C. Record his vital signs again D. Apply and inflate a pneumatic counterpressure device control the bleeding from the wound Hypoperfusion is another name for A. shock B. cyanosis C. Hypoxia D. hypertension shock The parameters and limitations of a given medical provider refers to: A. EMT-B competency 15 | P a g e A. pump the blood to the body B. pump the blood to the lungs C. receive blood from the pulmonary veins D. receive blood from the veins of the body and the heart receive blood from the veins of the body and the heart Which of the following systems has specialized tissue that produces rhythmic electrical impulses? A. Skeletal B. Endocrine C. Circulatory D. Cardiac cardiac The inferior portion of the sternum is called the: A. talus B. coccyx C. manubrium D. Xiphoid process Xiphoid process What structure contracts and sends a wave of blood through the arteries? A. Left atrium B. Left ventricle C. Right atrium D. Right ventricle left ventricle The skin is the body's major organ for regulating the body's: A. Functions B. Secretions C. Respirations D. Temperature temperature A flap of skin torn loose describes what type of injury? A. Abrasion B. Avulsion C. Laceration D. Amputation 16 | P a g e Avlusion A patient has a burn that appears charred, dry and leathery. The patient complains of little or no pain at the site. This urn would be classified as: A. Epidermal B. Superficial C. Full-thickness D. Partial-thickness Full-thickness An unstable, traumatized patient is breathing at a rate of 15 breaths per minute. To deliver oxygen, you should use a: A. Nasal canula B. Venturi mask C. Simple face mask D. Nonrebreathing face mask Nonrebreathing face mask A safe residual amount of oxygen in a cylinder is: A. 500 psi B. 2,000 psi C. 500 liters per minute D. 2,000 liters per minute 500 psi To select the proper size of nasal airway, you should measure: A. only the diameter of the nostril B. from the tip of the nose to the chin C. from the tip of the nose to the earlobe D. from the tip of the nose to the corner of the mouth from the tip of the nose to the earlobe Proper body mechanics means lifting the patient A. safely B. in the easiest way C. using techniques of weight lifters D. in the most efficient way to prevent injuries to yourself The most efficient way to prevent injuries to yourself 17 | P a g e Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT-B when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard? A. Abnormal spinal curvature B. Joint flexibility C. Patient disorientation D. Naturally deformed bones abnormal spine curvature When you record a blood pressure on a run report, the systolic pressure is written as which number? A. Top B. Middle C. Bottom D. Does not matter Top What information should be noted when you assess a patients pulse? A. depth, rate, clarity B. difficulty in finding C. rate, regularity, volume D. if the patient can feel his own pulse rate, regularity, volume Systolic blood pressure is defined as the measurement of the pressure exerted against the walls of the: A. veins while the heart is at rest B. Veins during contraction of the heart C. Arteries while the heart is at rest D. Arteries during contraction of the heart Arteries during contraction of the heart When you inspect a patients pupils with a flashlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by: A. Dilating B. Fluttering C. Constricting D. Not responding Constricting Which of the following is NOT a sign of respiratory distress? A. Nasal flaring 20 | P a g e A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20 15 When using an auto-injector to give epinephrine, the primary injection site is the: A. Abdomen B. Upper arm C. Lateral portion of the thigh D. Medial portion of the thigh lateral portion of the thigh You are performing your initial assessment on a 38 year old woman with an allergic reaction. She states that she has mild headache, trouble breathing, and a sense of impending doom. The first treatment you should give her is: A. Oxygen B. Nitronox C. Proventil D. Activated charcoal Oxygen Which of the following drugs can you help give if the patient has a prescription and you have consent from medical control? A. Cocaine B. Demerol C. Morphine D. Epinephrine Epinephrine The usual skin reactions to an allergen include itching and: A. hives B. atrophy C. coldness D. Blueness hives A worker at the community swimming pool is complaining of being dizzy and states, "I can't catch my breath." Co-workers tell you they found him in the chemical supply room. Bases on this history, you suspect: 21 | P a g e A. toxic inhalation B. toxic absorption C. toxic overdose D. Poisoning by ingestion toxic inhalation Cardiac arrest in children is commonly caused by: A. a heart attack B. a congenital defect C. Primary heart disease D. respiratory problems respiratory problems The bluish discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of oxygen is called: A. Cyanosis B. Halitosis C. Kyphosis D. Ecchymosis Halitosis In what area of the lungs does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur: A. Trachea B. Alveoli C. Bronchi D. Bronchioles alveoli Living cells begin to die when they are deprived of: A. water B. oxygen C. sunlight D. carbon dioxide oxygen How many vertebrae protect the spinal cord? A. 7 B. 1 22 | P a g e C. 31 D. 33 33 The part of the brain responsible for cardiac, respiratory, and other vital lift functions is called the: A. Cerebrum B. brain stem C. Cerebellum D. Occipital lobe brain stem What area is secured last when you are placing a patient on a long spine board? A. legs B. chest C. waist D. head head When you suspect a head injury, it is important to look at: A. Scene safety B. personal safety C. The mechanism of injury D. The mechanism of extraction the mechanism of injury You are called to the scene of a possible diving accident at a local pool. You suspect a spinal injury. The patient should be removed from the water with a: A. Sager splint B. Stokes basket C. Short spine board D. Long spine board long spine board When you relay patient information via a radio, communications should be: A. brief and concise B. coded and scripted C. spoken in a loud voice D. unhurried and complete 25 | P a g e C. Advise the patients to get out of the car and walk to the ambulance D. advise the patients to stay inside the car and then contact the electric company advise the patients to stay inside the car and then contact the electric company The stage of the emotional response to death and dying when family members fail or are unwilling to recognize the seriousness of the situation is called: A. anger B. denial C. depression D. acceptance denial The final stage of death and dying is displayed as: A. anger B. denial C. depression D. acceptance acceptance Muscles allow body: A. structure B. circulation C. movement D. development movement The ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae form the: A. thorax B. lumbar C. upper extremities D. lower extremities thorax When splinting an injury you should immobilize the: A. injury site B. joint below the injury C. joint above the injury D. joint above and below the injury 26 | P a g e joint above and below the injury You are assessing a patient a patients level of consciousness. The unconscious patient moans when the hand is pinched. This response indicates the patient is: A. alert B. unresponsive C. responsive to verbal stimuli D. responsive to painful stimuli responsive to painful stimuli Which of the following would NOT be considered a potential hazard at the scene of an accident or illness? A. leaking fuel B. time of day C. angry bystanders D. downed power lines time of day There has been an accident between a compact car and a passenger van. What should you do first? A. Look for spilled fuel B. Check for medic alert tags C. Perform a focused assessment D. Identify the total number of patients look for spilled fuel A pedestrian has been hit by a car and is unconscious. What is the first step in caring for this patient? A. Look for the cause of bleeding B. Attempt to wake the patient by shaking and shouting C. Ventilate the patient without using an airway adjunct D. Control the cervical spine and open the airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver control the cervical spine and open the airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver Which of the following auto accident patients can wait the longest to be taken care of? A. Conscious, alert, and crying patient with a possible broken arm B. Unconscious, unmoving, cyanotic patient who has a pulse but is not breathing C. Unconscious patient who is breathing and has a pulse, with a possible dislocation of the hip D. Conscious patient who is responsive to loud vocal stimuli, with large bleeding laceration on the arm Conscious, alert, and crying patient with a possible broken arm 27 | P a g e As you assess a patient's history of present illnesses, you should know that the "S" in the mnemonic O-P- Q-R-S-T stands for: A. Signs B. Severity C. Symptoms D. Suddenness Severity When you inspect the ears of a patient with head trauma, you are looking for: A. foreign objects B. blockages from earwax C. infection of the ear drum D. blood or cerebrospinal fluid blood or cerebrospinal fluid You are evaluating a 16 year-old patient who has a gunshot wound in the right leg. There is an obvious entrance wound into the skin and muscle. This type of injury is called a: A. Graze injury B. Blunt injury C. Penetration injury D. Compression wound Penetration injury You are listening to the breath sounds of a patient complaining of shortness of breath. You hear a wheezing sound over both sides at the mid-axillary areas of the chest. These sounds may be caused by: A. A complete airway obstruction by the tongue. B. Normal air movement through the patients nose C. Narrowing of the lower air passages of the lungs D. Enlargement of lower air passages of the lungs narrowing of the lower passages of the lungs Oxygen is a very important component in the resuscitation of the cardiac arrest patient. Which of the following statements about giving oxygen is FALSE? A. Oxygen therapy should be started as soon as possible B. Oxygen should be given at very low liter flows to avoid oxygen toxicity C. High concentrations of oxygen should be given to all cardiac arrest patients D. Do not allow the AED protocol to be delayed until the oxygen therapy is started oxygen should be given at a very low liter flows to avoid oxygen toxicity 30 | P a g e When assessing a pulse, you are feeling the: A. relaxation of the atria B. contraction of the left ventricle C. contraction of the left atrium D. relaxation of both ventricles contraction of the left ventricle* A 60 y/o female has chest pain. She has not taken her prescribed nitro you should A. Determine what type of cardiac problem the pt has, and assist her with taking the nitro B. Immediately attached the AED and begin transport to hospital C. Administer aspirin only and withhold the nitro D. Consult medical direction with regard to assisting the pt in taking the nitro Determine what type of cardiac problem the pt has, and assist her with taking the nitro Which of the following is the best definition of hypoperfusion? A. Less blood reaching capillary beds B. Inadequate oxygen delivery to cells C. Lowered heart rate and BP D. Blood vessel dilation causing distal pooling Inadequate oxygen delivery to cells You are ventilating an apneic asthmatic patient with a BVM, but notice there is inadequate chest rise. What should you do? A. reassess the airway for an obstruction B. increase the ventilation pressure C. switch to an O2 powered ventilation device D. increase the rate of the ventilations reassess the airway for an obstruction * For which of the following patients would an OPA be most appropriate? A. A 19 y/o with a mandible fracture who is only responsive to pain B. Unresponsive 25 y/o with a suspected spinal injury C. Unresponsive five-year-old with a suspected airway obstruction D. Semiconscious 76 y.o old who is gasping for air Unresponsive 25 y/o with a suspected spinal injury Your patient is pale, diaphoretic, and complains of chest pressure. Her vitals are R 18 P 58, and BP 88/50. You should suspect A. Unstable angina B. A thoracic aneurysm C. Cardiogenic shock D. Pulmonary embolism Cardiogenic shock 31 | P a g e A 66 y/o male is confused. He has a history of substance abuse and falls. His breath smells of alcoholic beverage. He is alert and refusing service. You should A. Obtain consent from his family and transport B. Document his refusal and recommend that he see his doctor C. Speak calmly to him and convince him to accept transport D. Have the police transport the pt to detox unit Speak calmly to him and convince him to accept transport Your 12 yr old patient has a penetrating wound to the abdomen. You may provide care based on A. informed consent B. expressed consent C. implied consent implied consent A victim of smoke inhalation has developed difficulty breathing. He does not like the smell of the mask you are using to deliver O2. You should A. Switch to a NC set to deliver O2 @ 6 LPM B. Restrain the pt and continue administering O2 via NRB C. Explain that the mask is very important and continue its use D. Administer blow-by O2 via Simple mask Explain that the mask is very important and continue its use A 23 y/o construction worker twisted his foot climbing up a ladder. He has an obvious deformity on the right leg just below the knee. The lower leg and foot are cyanotic and pulseless. You should A. Apply an air splint and transport B. Apply spinal immobilization and elevate the leg C. Pull gentle traction and apply a splint D. Apply a traction splint and transport Pull gentle traction and apply a splint Which of the following is TRUE about the insertion of an OPA? A. the OPA is always rotated 360 degrees as it is inserted B. if properly inserted, the OPA will keep the tongue out of the way C. the OPA should be inserted until the flange rests below the patient's teeth the OPA should be inserted until the flange rests below the patient's teeth* While ventilating a near drowning pt, you suddenly feel increased resistance in the airway. You should A. Perform abdominal thrust B. Place pt in lateral recovery position C. Attempt to reposition the head D. Apply firm pressure to the abdomen Attempt to reposition the head 32 | P a g e A 28 y/o female who is 12 weeks pregnant has twisted her left knee while walking. She states the pain is 10/10 in severity. You should A. Apply a traction splint and immobilize with a long spine board B. Transport on her left side and hold manual stabilization until she gets the hospital C. Splint with the stretcher and straps and transport her on her left side D. Splint using board splints and cravats and transport sitting Splint using board splints and cravats and transport sitting A 20 yr old female complains of severe abdominal pain. She is in the fetal position. After your primary assessment, you should A. transport immediately to hospital B. palpate all 4 quadrants of abdomen C. obtain baseline vital signs obtain baseline vital signs* An intoxicated 33 y/o female was fighting with police. You note some minor scrapes on the pt's leg and face. The pt is being verbally abusive to you. The police want your approval to take the pt to jail. You should A. Ask the officer to transport her to the hospital in a squad car for safety B. Request that the officers arrest the patient prior to transport C. If vital signs are within normal limits, release the pt to the police D. Restrain and transport the pt with police escort Restrain and transport the pt with police escort First responder has delivered a baby. The infant is blue and lethargic; the pulse is 90 you should A. Transport after placenta is delivered B. Dry, stimulate and apply oxygen C. Transport and administer CPR enroute D. Transport to closest hospital Dry, stimulate and apply oxygen A patient has been kicked in the chest. One section of ribs is moving separately during respirations. You should A. Transport emergently B. Listen for lung sounds C. Initiate PPV D. Place a sandbag on the injury Initiate PPV A 56 y/o male is complaining of severe CP. He took Viagra two hours ago and has been physically active. You should A. Assist the pt in taking his nitro and apply O2 B. Administer O2 and request an ALS intercept 35 | P a g e apply O2 and transport* A 45 year old male farmer has been working with dry lime. The patient has large amounts of this powder on both legs. You should: A. gently brush off excess powder and transport B. use vinegar to dilute and transport C. wash off the powder with water and transport D. use milk to dilute gently brush off excess powder and transport An unbelted driver struck a tree with his vehicle. Upon examination of the chest you see bruising to the right side. Your initial vitals are BP 88/76, P 128, R 20. You should suspect: A. liver laceration B. cardiac tamponade C. neurogenic shock D. multiple rib fractures cardiac tamponade Five minutes after delivery of a newborn, your patient is moving all extremities, has pink sin, a weak cry, is grimacing and has a pulse of 96. The APGAR score is A. 10 B. 6 C. 8 D. 4 When responding to an incident involving an unidentified hazardous material, the most appropriate place to position the ambulance is: A. downwind and uphill B. downwind and downhill C. upwind and uphill D. upwind and at the level of the incident upwind and uphill A 30 year old male has been struck by a car. You note a contusion and pain to his left hip. There is no crepitous on exam. Vital signs are: BP 110/60, P 72, R 12; You should suspect: A. ecchymosis B. fractured pelvis C. neurogenic shock D. long bone contusion fractured pelvis A patient with chest discomfort becomes unresponsive during transportation to the hospital. What is the most appropriate action? A. start CPR while you assess for pulselessness and apnea, then apply AED and shock if necessary B. stop vehicle, confirm pulselessness and apnea, apply an AED, and shock if necessary 36 | P a g e C. confirm pulselessness, apply an AED, and advise partner to drive vehicle emergently D. confirm pulselessness, initiate CPR, stop the vehicle and apply an AED confirm pulselessness, initiate CPR, stop the vehicle and apply an AED** Which of the following statements regarding suctioning of an adult is true? A. you should insert the suction catheter only as far as you can visualize B. you should start ventilations if suction cannot clear the airway C. you should only suction for a maximum of 30 seconds D. you should remove the suction catheter with the suction machine turned off You should insert the suction catheter only as far as you can visualize When driving an ambulance, operators must drive with the safety of others in mind. This is known as driving: A. defensively B. with privileges C. with due regard D. offensively with due regard A patient is in respiratory distress after eating soup brought by her neighbor. Her neighbor states "She was eating and suddenly her throat got tight." She is sitting bolt upright in a tripod position. You should suspect A. Anaphylaxis B. Choking C. Emphysema D. Asthma Anaphylaxis A 23 y/o patient is lethargic. The patient just finished mowing the lawn. He is drooling and sweating profusely. You should suspect A. Hyperglycemia B. Hypoglycemia C. Heat stroke D. Intoxication hypoglycemia Your 18-mo. old pt has pale cool skin, decreased mental status, and delayed cap refill. The mother tells you that the child's diaper has been dry for most of the day. First responders have applied oxygen. You should A. position the child on his side and transport B. rapidly transport and monitor vital signs C. ventilate with BVM and transport rapidly D. transport rapidly and apply wet towels enroute 37 | P a g e rapidly transport and monitor vital signs After delivering a shock with an AED the patient begins to move and speak. You should A. begin BVM ventilations B. immediately remove AED pads to avoid accidental shock C. perform a sternal rub to assess LOC D. assess vital signs and begin transport assess vital signs and begin transport You should ventilate a newborn once every: A. 4 seconds B. 2 seconds C. 3 seconds D. 5 seconds 3 seconds What is the amount of air moved with one normal breath called? A. minute volume B. tidal volume tidal volume Which of the following is the most appropriate way to measure for an oropharyngeal airway adjunct? A. From the patient's earlobe to angle of the jaw B. From the center of pt's mouth to earlobe C. From the corner of the pt's mouth to the earlobe D. From the tip of pt's nose to earlobe From the corner of the pt's mouth to the earlobe Your patient has spilled a dilute alkali solution into his eyes. You should first A. irrigate with clean water B. cover both eyes and transport C. cover the affected eye and transport D. irrigate with dilute ammonia irrigate with clean water * Your patient has a fork impaled into his cheek. He is having trouble breathing. You should A. carefully remove the fork from his cheek B. insert a nasal airway and apply oxygen C. stabilize the fork with bulky dressings carefully remove the fork from his cheek * Which of the following BEST describes a bipolar patient? A. They often have hallucinations 40 | P a g e Washing your hands with soap and water Allowing for appropriate time on exhalation when assisting ventilations can reduce/alleviate A. airway obstructions B. gastric distension C. the amount of air required to ventilate gastric distension** A diabetic patient was reported missing last evening. He is found unresponsive, lying in a ditch along the road in approximately two inches of water. Vital signs are BP 96/40, P 38, R 6. You should A. wrap the patient in blankets and transport B. place the patient in Trendelenburg position C. place glucose between the patient's cheek and gum D. place heat packs on the patient's groin, neck, and armpits wrap the patient in blankets and transport * When infants or children experience breathing difficulties, their pulse may A. decrease early, then increase significantly B. increase significantly, then return to normal C. Increase early, then decrease significantly Increase early, then decrease significantly** A four year old patient has hot, dry skin after being inside a car with the windows rolled up on a hot day. You should A. Rapidly cool the patient with ice packs everywhere B. Pour water on the patient and fan vigorously C. Cover with wet blankets to prevent rapid cooling Rapidly cool the patient with ice packs everywhere An unresponsive 82 year old patient is lying supine. Their airway is most likely to be obstructed by A. The tongue B. Swelling of the epiglottis C. Secretions D. Loose dentures The tongue Which patient would benefit the MOST from helicopter transport? A. 30 y/o male pulseless and apneic with a history of asthma B. 38 y/o male burn patient with 1st degree burns to 55% of his body C. 15 y/o female motor vehicle crash victim still trapped BP 78/42 38 y/o male burn patient with 1st degree burns to 55% of his body * An infant is choking on a piece of candy. You are unable to see chest rise after numerous attempts to ventilate. You should 41 | P a g e A. perform abdominal thrusts B. insert an oral airway and reattempt C. administer chest compressions administer chest compressions * Your patient was on a third floor balcony which collapsed. The patient is semi-conscious, has an impaled piece of wood in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen, an obvious femur fracture and multiple cuts. You should A. Establish c-spine protection, open the airway and assess breathing B. Apply O2 and prepare pt for rapid transport to a trauma center C. Stabilize impaled object with bulky dressing and establish c-spine protection D. Assist ventilations with BVM, and splint femur fracture Establish c-spine protection, open the airway and assess breathing A 72 year old patient is suddenly unable to speak and begins staring off towards the right. You should first A. administer oral glucose B. note the time and apply oxygen C. transport the patient in the supine position note the time and apply oxygen* a 11 year old male has crashed his bicycle. The patient's baby sitter is requesting to know the extent of his injuries. You should reply A. "You will have to wait and talk with his parents" B. "I cannot tell you, this would be a violation of patient privacy and confidentiality" C. "His leg appears to be broken, do you have a phone number for his parents?" "You will have to wait and talk with his parents" ** An 18 year old male has become increasingly shaky several minutes after administration of a prescribed bronchodilator. You should A. document the patient's response to the medication B. continue to reassess the patient every 5 minutes C. contact medical control to report the patient's response continue to reassess the patient every 5 minutes ** You are conducting a physical exam on a responsive female toddler. You should A. examine the girl upright as her parents hold her B. use a head-to-toe approach C. use a toes-to-head approach use a toes-to-head approach You are dispatched to a 68 y/o female complaining of discomfort in her upper back. She is nauseous and appears to be sweaty. Based on these symptoms, which of the possible causes is most life-threatening. A. Stroke 42 | P a g e B. Diabetic reaction C. Cardiac compromise D. Indigestion Cardiac compromise You are completing a patient care report for a patient injured in a car crash. You notice the smell of alcohol and empty beer cans in the vehicle. The best way to document your findings is to A. indicate that the patient was under the influence of alcohol B. describe the smell of alcohol and empty beer cans which were noted at the scene C. discount these findings because your patient may not have been the driver describe the smell of alcohol and empty beer cans which were noted at the scene* At the local homeless shelter, a 50 y/o male complains of fever. He is drowsy, weak and is coughing up blood. He states that he has had this persistent cough and fever for the past two days. You should suspect A. HIV/AIDS B. Hepatitis C. Tuberculosis D. German measles Tuberculosis A 24-year-old male has been stabbed in the right chest. Which of the following signs should you expect? A. Increased respiratory effort B. Spontaneous pneumothorax C. Paradoxical chest movement D. Decreased heart rate Increased respiratory effort A 62 y/o female is complaining of crushing CP that radiates to between her shoulder blades. She is very pale, diaphoretic, and feels nauseous. You should suspect a/an A. Cardiac event B. Cerebrovascular event C. Hypoglycemic reactions D. Asthma attack Cardiac event Which of the following is an essential component of your oral report? A. the EMT assessment of the chief complaint B. history related to the current illness history related to the current illness Your pt was exposed to an unknown chemical that has soaked their clothing. You should immediately A. Have the pt remove all clothing B. Administer O2 via NRB 45 | P a g e cool, and clammy. Her medical alert bracelet denotes diabetes. You should suspect A. Hypoglycemia B. Hyperglycemia C. Stroke D. Diabetic ketoacidosis Hypoglycemia Your 55 year old patient complains of chest pain radiating to the left arm. You should first A. perform a head-to-toe assessment B. administer the prescribed nitroglycerin C. place the patient on O2 D. complete a SAMPLE history complete a SAMPLE history* One of the most problematic side effects of nitroglycerin is A. bradycardia B. dyspnea C. hypotension hypotension A 84-year-old female is anxious and complaining of SOB. She has been a smoke for most of her life. Upon examination, you find she has pedal edema. She is coughing up pink frothy sputum. You should suspect A. Complication of emphysema B. Congestive heart failure C. Chronic bronchitis D. Acute myocardial infarction Congestive heart failure Which strap should you place first when securing a patient onto a long spine board? A. Chest strap B. Abdominal strap C. Head straps D. Leg straps chest strap Early signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion can include A. Unresponsiveness B. Anxiousness C. Bradycardia D. Decreased BP Anxiousness 46 | P a g e You are transporting a 68- year old female from a nursing home to a hospital. She has a valid DNR. During transportation, she begins to have trouble breathing. You should: A. return the patient to the nursing home B. ventilate the patient with a BVM C. provide O2 and position the patient for comfort D. provide supportive reassurance only provide O2 and position the patient for comfort provide supportive reassurance only ** second time You have assisted a 56 y/o patient in taking 1 nitroglycerin tablet. He continues to complain of chest pain. Vital signs are: BP 94/64, P 120, R 14, SaO2 98%. You should A. Reassess his BP B. Assist him with a 2nd nitro tablet C. Transport him to the hospital D. Assess lung sounds and have pt self-administer his inhaler Transport him to the hospital You are called to the scene of a motor vehicle crash, where you find a three-year-old female sitting in an unsecured car seat. She has abrasions to her forehead and right arm. She is alert to voice, her skin is pink and dry, and she appears to breathing normally. You should A. Rapidly extricate the child and place her in a supine positon B. Place a short back board behind the child and gently extricate her from the car seat. C. Remove the child from the car seat and place her on a long spine D. Secure the child in the car seat using towels and tape to immobilize her head and chest Secure the child in the car seat using towels and tape to immobilize her head and chest A patient becomes unresponsive. You find she is apneic and pulseless. You should A. apply the AED and analyze B. apply O2 via BVM and apply AED C. start CPR and apply the AED D. request advanced life support and begin CPR start CPR and apply the AED A 40-year-old his just been struck by lightning. There are no visible wounds. You should suspect A. Spinal fracture B. Significant internal bleeding C. Permanent memory loss D. Deep tissue damage Deep tissue damage Your pt is nine months pregnant with her first child. Her contractions are 10 minutes apart, lasting for 20 seconds. She tells you that she is "having this baby now". You should A. Coach her to calm down and have her husband transport 47 | P a g e B. Prepare for an imminent on scene delivery C. Transport the patient on her left side and monitor D. Transport pt in supine position and monitor Transport the patient on her left side and monitor Albuterol is an example of a (an) A. Vasodilator medication B. Vasoconstrictor medication C. Antihypertensive medication D. Beta-agonist medication Beta-agonist medication Your pt is unresponsive and is wearing a medic alert bracelet stating he is a diabetic. You should A. Establish and maintain an airway B. Check for a regular carotid pulse C. Administer one tube of oral glucose D. Ventilate with a BVM Establish and maintain an airway An AED has advised no shock to be delivered to a 60 y/o pulseless and apneic pt. You should A. Leave the AED pads in place and begin CPR B. Reposition the airway and perform a finger sweep C. Turn off the AED and begin CPR immediately D. Reposition the AED pads and attempt to defibrillate Leave the AED pads in place and begin CPR A 2-year-old boy has a circumferential burn to his hand up to the wrist. The mother tells you a pot of boiling water spilled onto the boy. You should A. Reassure the mother and treat the burn with moist dressing B. Transport and inform the ER that you suspect abuse C. Talk to the boy separately and ask if he is being abused D. Confront the boy's mother about possible abuse Transport and inform the ER that you suspect abuse Your 26-year-old female pt was involved in 30 MPH head-on collision. She complains of slight stiffness in her neck. She is 36 weeks pregnant. What action should you take? A. Perform a complete physical exam, obtain hx to ensure lack of other injuries and advise pt to consult with primary doctor B. Provide c-spine stabilization, O2 c-collar, long spine board and transport with pt in right lateral recumbent position C. Provide c-spine stabilization, O2 c-collar, long spine board and transport with pt in left lateral recumbent position D. Evaluate the patient, c-collar assist onto stretcher and transport in left lateral recumbent position 50 | P a g e Start O2 therapy at high flow, transport and contact medical control for orders to administer a nebulizer What does pulse oximetry measure? A. Percent of carbon dioxide in the cells B. Percent of tissue that is saturated with oxygen C. The amount of plasma that is saturated D. The amount of hemoglobin that is saturated usually with oxygen The amount of hemoglobin that is saturated usually with oxygen A 32 y/o female amputated her index finger in a table saw accident. How should you care for the amputated finger? A. Wrap an occlusive dressing around the finger and place it in a bag B. Soak the part in saline and place in a bag of ice C. Place the finger in a plastic bag and place the bag in icy water D. Wrap it with moist sterile gauze, place in a plastic bag and keep it cool Wrap it with moist sterile gauze, place in a plastic bag and keep it cool Your patient is an alert and oriented adult who is speaking in a foreign language. You cannot communicate with the patient. You should A. determine whether to transport the patient B. look for a family member who can speak that language C. load the patient into the ambulance and transport load the patient into the ambulance and transport wrong i think* When ventilating with a mouth to mask you notice the presence of increasing gastric distention. You should A. Manually reposition the airway B. Immediately suction oropharynx C. Increase the depth of ventilations D. Decompress the stomach manually Manually reposition the airway A 24 y/o male with a history of asthma has stopped breathing. Which ventilation rate would be most appropriate? A. 30 breaths per minute B. 20 breaths per minute C. 10 breaths per minute D. 24 breaths per minute 10 breaths per minute You are helping a 21 y/o pt to self-administer her epinephrine via auto-injector. She has been stung by a bee. You should 51 | P a g e A. Hold injector in place at least 10 seconds B. Immediately inject and release C. Inject it into the antecubital fossa D. Check the patient's BP Hold injector in place at least 10 seconds Your 92 y/o pt is SOB, unable to speak, and cyanotic. You should first A. Assure the patient has an open airway B. Ventilate the pt with BVM C. Administer O2 via NRB D. Administer the prescribed bronchodilator Assure the patient has an open airway You have administered six shocks to your cardiac arrest patient. She remains pulseless and is not breathing. You should next A. Deliver two more shocks B. Continue your assessment C. Reanalyze the rhythm and deliver as many shocks as indicated D. Resume CPR and transport Resume CPR and transport Your pt has a 2-inch laceration at the corner of the mouth with profuse bleeding into the oropharynx. You should A. Apply high flow O2 B. Suction the airway C. Stabilize the c spine D. Control the bleeding Suction the airway All of the following are indications for the use of nitro EXCEPT A. Patient has a history of cardiac problems B. The patient's physician has prescribed nitro C. Pt complains of CP D. The pt's systolic BP is less than 90 The pt's systolic BP is less than 90 A 7 y/o female fell out of a tree and was unconscious for 2 minutes the pt is very scared and combative. You should A. Apply four point restraints and transport rapidly B. Obtain parental consent prior to transport C. Apply a c-collar and backboard D. Place pt on stretcher Apply a c-collar and backboard 52 | P a g e A 75 y/o pt is complaining of SOB vital signs are 160/88, P 130, R 22 with crackles in the bases of the lungs. You should A. Administer O2 via mask B. Perform detailed chest assessment C. Assist the pt with prescribed inhaler D. Obtain a complete SAMPLE history Administer O2 via mask A 62 y/o female pt is clutching her chest inside a local restaurant. She is unable to breathe. You should A. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation B. Perform a blind finger sweep C. Perform a series of abdominal thrusts D. Apply O2 and assess her pulse Perform a series of abdominal thrusts Your pt is pale and seems anxious but is speaking in full sentences. You should administer O2 using a A. flow restricted O2 powered ventilation device B. NRB @ 15 LPM C. NC @ 4 LPM D. BVM @ 15 LPM NRB @ 15 LPM A 67-year-old female is short of breath and sitting in a tripod position. She is on home oxygen and has had a productive cough over the last few days. During your exam, you note that she is wheezing and breathing with pursed lips. SPO2 is 93%. You should suspect A. Anaphylactic reaction B. Obstructive pulmonary disease C. AMI D. Pulmonary embolism Obstructive pulmonary disease You are treating a 23 y/o pt in a car crash. He is complaining of neck, back and leg pain. He has a cut above his left eye. You should A. Remove the pt from the vehicle ASAP B. Immediately place O2 on the pt C. Apply a C-collar and perform rapid extrication D. Take manual stabilization of the spine Take manual stabilization of the spine Your 73 y/o pt is sitting in the tripod position. As you approach they motion for assistance in using their inhaler. You should immediately A. Administer their prescribed inhaler B. Administer O2 via NRB 55 | P a g e C. Myocardial infarction D. Angina Angina You are alone when you witness a 57 y/o woman suddenly collapse and become unresponsive. She is not breathing. After calling for help you find that she has no pulse. You should A. Begin chest compressions B. Leave the pt and obtain an AED C. Continue rescue breathing D. Perform blind finger sweep Begin chest compressions You are dispatched to a pt who has intentionally overdosed on pain meds. The patient is refusing transport. You should A. Convince the pt that they should be transported and can return home after seeing doctor B. Give the pt a few minutes to change their mind C. Ask a family member for assistance in convincing the pt to accept transport D. Request law enforcement assistance with this pt Request law enforcement assistance with this pt Which of the following symptoms would indicate a significant localized cold injury? A. Skin appears blue and is diaphoretic B. Tissue below the surface is soft C. Mottled or blotchy skin D. Skin appears white and is hard Skin appears white and is hard You are transporting a pt with CP, when suddenly she becomes unresponsive you should A. Start CPR and transport more rapidly B. Stop the ambulance and confirm absence of pulse C. Immediately apply an AED and analyze D. Insert an OPA and ventilate twice Stop the ambulance and confirm absence of pulse Your pt is unresponsive 44 y/o found indoors after working in the garden on a hot day. Her vitals are R 32, P 128, 88/56 with hot, dry skin. You should A. Cover the pt with ice and transport to a trauma center B. Administer O2 via NC C. Place a wet sheet over her and fan vigorously D. Administer O2 via simple face mask Place a wet sheet over her and fan vigorously * The use of a traction splint for femur fractures is important in order to A. Prevent tissue swelling 56 | P a g e B. Facilitate easy transfer of pt to the hospital C. Decrease pain by preventing bone movement D. Reduce further nerve and blood vessel damage Reduce further nerve and blood vessel damage A 40 y/o male complains of abdominal pain after being assaulted. His abdomen is rigid and tender on assessment. Vital signs are BP 108/68, P 116, R 26. You should suspect A. Compensated shock B. A ruptured diaphragm C. Decompensated shock D. Pneumothorax Compensated shock A 16 y/o football player received a blow to his left femur. You can see deformity and the patient is in extreme pain. He does not remember how the injury happened. You should. A. Apply a board splint B. Immediately stabilize the C-spine C. Apply a long spine board and rapidly transport D. Apply a traction splint to injured leg Immediately stabilize the C-spine You respond to a conscious thirty-four y/o male burned in a fire with full thickness burns to both hands and forearms and partial thickness burns to his chest. You should A. Apply cool water to burned areas B. Soak the burned areas in saline and wrap with sterile dressing C. Apply an antiseptic ointment to the burned areas D. Carefully wrap the burned areas with dry sterile dressing Carefully wrap the burned areas with dry sterile dressing A 24 year old female has been stabbed and the police state she is deceased. You note blood all over her clothing. You should A. do not disturb the crime scene B. assess the airway and check for a pulse C. remove her clothing and determine the extent of the wounds assess the airway and check for a pulse * You respond to a 22 y/o male with altered mental status. His skin is warm and diaphoretic and has a known seizure history. It is likely your pt is A. Postictal B. Clonic C. Hypovolemic D. Hypothermic Postictal 57 | P a g e A 2 y/o pt who has been sick all day, now has a barking cough. You should suspect A. Epiglottitis B. Asthma C. Croup D. Chronic laryngospasm Croup A 67 y/o female just had a syncopal episode while using the toilet. Vitals are BP 100/6-. P 110 irregular, R 12. She is weak and dizzy. You should suspect a A. gastrointestinal obstruction B. vertebral vascular accident C. cardiac rhythm disturbance D. acute myocardial infarction C. cardiac rhythm disturbance cardiac rhythm disturbance Which of the following is most likely to be life-threatening? A. Femur fracture B. Humerus fracture C. Clavicle fracture D. Lumbar fracture Femur fracture An 18 y/o soccer player is feeling disoriented. He has been playing soccer in 90-degree heat. You should A. Direct the pt to drink at least 8 ox of orange juice B. Remove the pt's clothes and pour ice water on him C. Move the pt somewhere cool and assess vitals D. Direct the pt to rest on the bench until he feels better Move the pt somewhere cool and assess vitals A malfunction of the heart's electrical system may result in A. Atherosclerosis B. Pericarditis C. Aneurysm D. Arrhythmia Arrhythmia You are called to an elderly patient who had a syncopal episode. The patient has had blood-tinged vomiting and general fatigue for the last few days. You suspect A. An abdominal aneurysm B. Gastrointestinal bleed C. CHF D. Cerebrovascular accident 60 | P a g e Your pt has the following signs and symptoms: increased HR, narrowing pulse pressure, rapid respirations, weak peripheral pulses, thirst, cool, clammy skin. The patient also states a feeling of impending doom. This pt is most likely exhibiting which type of shock? A. Irreversible B. Compensated C. Decompensated D. Controlled Decompensated Your pt's pulse returns after the use of the AED. You should first A. Reanalyze the rhythm B. Continue performing compressions if BP is too low C. Turn off the AED and remove the defibrillator pads D. Continue ventilations Continue ventilations You are at the scene of a car crash. Which of the following would require rapid extrication? A. your patient complains of blurred vision B. you patient complains of arm tingling C. there are multiple patients at the scene D. your patient blocks access to a critical patient your patient blocks access to a critical patient * An unresponsive ten-year-old male was hit by a car and is bleeding heavily from an open leg fracture. After securing his airway and manually stabilizing his c-spine, you should. A. Control bleeding from the leg wound B. Place pt in Trendelenburg position C. Perform a rapid trauma assessment D. Immobilize the extremity using a ladder splint Control bleeding from the leg wound What should you initially do to open the airway of an 8-month-old? A. Pad under head of child B. Turn pt onto their left side C. Place the head in an extended position D. Place the head in a neutral position Pad under head of child neutral 2nd* Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct? A. Most of the body's plasma is contained within the large veins. B. Approximately 45% of the blood is composed of plasma. C. Plasma has no role in the body's blood-clotting mechanism. D. Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients. 61 | P a g e D The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the: A. Epiglottis B. Vallecula C. Pharynx D. Uvula A The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the: A. right side cerebrum. B. left side cerebrum. C. left parietal lobe. D. right temporal lobe. A Which of the following skills or interventions is included at every level of prehospital emergency training? A. AED B. intranasal medication administration C. oral glucose for hypoglycemia B. use of a manually triggered ventilator A Laypeople are often trained to perform all of the following skills, EXCEPT: A. Insertion of an OPA B. Splinting of a possible fracture C. Control of life-threatening bleeding D. One or two rescuer CPR A Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult? A. use of the accessory muscles in the neck and cyanosis B. cool, clammy skin and retractions above the clavicles C. respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement D. respirations of 30 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume C Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because: A. their diaphragm does not receive impulses from the brain. B. their intercostal muscles are not functional. C. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally. D. an infant's ribs are brittle and are less able to expand. 62 | P a g e C When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid: A. the use of more than two EMTs. B. flexing your body at the knees. C. the use of a long backboard or scoop stretcher. D. using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible. D In relation to the chest, the back is: A. inferior B. posterior C. ventral D. anterior B The purpose of the pin-indexing system that has been established for compressed gas cylinders is to: A. help you determine what type of oxygen regulator to use. B. ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder. C. reduce the cylinder pressure to a safe and more useful range. D. prevent destroying or stripping the threads on the cylinder. B The diaphragm functions as an involuntary muscle when a person: A. takes a deep breath. B. coughs. C. sleeps. D. holds his or her breath. C When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than: A. 200 mm Hg B. 400 mm Hg C. 300 mm Hg D. 100 mm Hg C Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume? A. shallow breathing B. agonal respirations C. irregular breathing D. deep respirations D 65 | P a g e A. identify different types of stimuli. B. feel you touching the extremity. C. wiggle his or her toes on command. D. note any changes in temperature. C When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, you note that her pulse is rapid and irregular. In addition to administering oxygen, you should: A. apply a cardiac monitor and observe her cardiac rhythm. B. transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit. C. document your findings and perform a detailed assessment. D. conclude that the irregular pulse is normal based on her age. B Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by: A. positioning yourself at a level that is higher than the patient. B. using medical terminology to ensure the patient understands. C. maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible. D. withholding unpleasant information until arrival at the hospital. C Communicating with hearing-impaired patients can be facilitated by doing all of the following, EXCEPT: A. placing yourself in a position to ensure that the patient can see your lips. B. elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation. C. shining a light on your face when you are in a darkened environment. D. providing pen and paper if the patient prefers to write his or her response. B Which of the following statements regarding standing orders is MOST correct? A. Standing orders should be followed when physician contact is not possible. B. Standing orders have less legal authority than orders given via radio. C. Standing orders require you to contact medical control first. D. Standing orders only highlight the care that you may provide. A You have just completed your primary assessment of a 48-year-old man with crushing chest pain. The patient has been given 324 mg of aspirin and is receiving high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask. As you begin your secondary assessment, you note that his mental status has deteriorated and he is now bradycardic. You should: A. request an ALS unit to respond to the scene. B. prepare the patient for immediate transport. C. continue with your secondary assessment. D. insert a nasal airway and assist his breathing. 66 | P a g e B A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, his pulse is 104 beats/min, and his respirations are 16 breaths/min. Your partner has applied supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction and he tells you that he does. You should: A. recall that erectile dysfunction drugs can cause hypertension if given with nitroglycerin. B. ask him what he takes, how much, and when he last took it. C. avoid giving him nitroglycerin and transport him at once. D. administer his nitroglycerin and then reassess his blood pressure. B What type of communications equipment functions as a radio receiver and searches across several frequencies? A. duplex station B. scanner C. simplex station D. mobile repeater B You are transporting a 54-year-old male in cardiac arrest. An EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner attempt to resuscitate the patient. What is the MOST logical way of notifying the hospital? A. Have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital. B. Call the receiving hospital with your cellular phone as you attempt resuscitation. C. Request that a police officer respond to the hospital to apprise them of your arrival. D. Wait until you arrive at the hospital and then quickly apprise them of the situation. A Which of the following statements regarding the H1N1 virus is correct? A. H1N1 has caused more deaths worldwide than all of the other strains of influenza combined. B. Unlike other strains of the influenza virus, H1N1 is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route. C. H1N1, also known as the "swine flu," is a newly discovered strain of influenza for which no vaccine exists. D. It is only one type of influenza among the many other strains of influenza that exist and infect humans. D An index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: A. determining the underlying cause of a patient's medical condition based on signs and symptoms. B. the EMT's prediction of the type of illness a patient has based on how the call is dispatched. C. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness. D. ruling out specific medical conditions based on the absence of certain signs and symptoms. C 67 | P a g e Which of the following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct? A. The potency of nitroglycerin is increased when exposed to light. B. A maximum of five nitroglycerin doses should be given to a patient. C. Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes. D. Nitroglycerin should be administered between the cheek and gum. C Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because: A. the most likely cause of the hypotension is respiratory failure. B. most children with hypotension die in the prehospital setting. C. it typically develops earlier in children than it does in adults. D. it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume. D In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: A. tachycardia. B. hypothermia. C. hypovolemia. D. diaphoresis. B A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to: A. call for an ALS ambulance. B. ask bystanders what happened. C. form a general impression. D. follow standard precautions. D Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct? A. The signs of anaphylaxis are caused by widespread vasoconstriction. B. Most anaphylactic reactions occur within 60 minutes after exposure. C. Patients with asthma are at lower risk of developing anaphylaxis. D. Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension. D Angina pectoris occurs when: A. myocardial oxygen supply exceeds the demand. B. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply. C. a coronary artery is totally occluded by plaque. D. one or more coronary arteries suddenly spasm. B 70 | P a g e C. frontal and rotational D. rotational and rollover A A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: A. stabilize her entire spine. B. inspect the helmet for cracks. C. obtain baseline vital signs. D. leave her bicycle helmet on. A Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? A. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury. B. Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma. C. High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries. D. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury. D When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first: A. determine if the patient was propelled away from the vehicle. B. determine if the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle. C. evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for structural damage. D. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian. D Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. the height of the fall. B. the speed of the fall. C. the surface struck. D. the primary impact point. B Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during: A. lateral collisions. B. rollover collisions. C. frontal collisions. D. rear-end collisions. A When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that: A. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked. 71 | P a g e B. primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious. C. solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave. D. secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious. A When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: A. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma. B. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls. C. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury. D. osteoporosis can cause a fracture that may have resulted in the fall. D The eyeball itself is referred to as the: A. globe. B. cornea. C. orbit. D. sclera. A When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to: A. manipulate the injury site for signs of a fracture. B. assess circulation distal to the site of the injury. C. remain alert for more severe underlying injuries. D. recognize that the integrity of the skin is broken. C A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should: A. begin CPR and transport at once. B. begin CPR and apply the AED. C. fully immobilize his spinal column. D. assess for entry and exit wounds. B When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should: A. brush away the chemical before flushing with water. B. deactivate the chemical with a 5% vinegar solution. C. quickly irrigate the arm with large amounts of water. D. use forceful streams of water to remove the chemical. A A construction worker fell approximately 30′ and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10″ steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should: A. control the bleeding, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), stabilize the steel rod, immobilize 72 | P a g e his spine, and transport immediately. B. stabilize the steel rod, control the bleeding, begin CPR, and rapidly transport to a trauma center. C. control the bleeding, carefully remove the steel rod, begin CPR, and transport as soon as possible. D. remove the steel rod, control the bleeding, apply an automated external defibrillator (AED), begin CPR, and transport to a trauma center. A The Adam's apple is: A. the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage. B. the lower part of the larynx that is formed by the cricoid cartilage. C. the small indentation in between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. D. below the thyroid cartilage and forms the upper part of the trachea. A An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n): A. laceration. B. avulsion. C. incision. D. amputation. B Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child? A. partial-thickness burn that covers 10% of the BSA B. any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body C. superficial burn that covers 25% of the BSA D. any burn that involves the arms, legs, or posterior part of the body B The opening in the center of the iris, which allows light to move to the back of the eye, is called the: A. sclera. B. cornea. C. pupil. D. conjunctiva. C The Adam's apple is: the small indentation in between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. A. the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the B. thyroid cartilage. C. below the thyroid cartilage and forms the upper part of the trachea. D. the lower part of the larynx that is formed by the cricoid cartilage. B 75 | P a g e A. behind the patient's knee. B. under the patient's armpit. C. into the patient's rectum. D. under the patient's tongue. C Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine: A. prompt transport to the hospital is essential. B. vital signs should be monitored frequently. C. the abdomen must be vigorously palpated. D. the EMT must perform a thorough exam. A When a child experiences a blunt chest injury: A. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking. B. the flexible rib cage protects the vital thoracic organs. C. there is usually obvious injury to the external chest wall. D. the sudden force against the ribs causes them to fracture. A You are dispatched to a skilled nursing care facility for an 80-year-old female with abnormal behavior. The patient is clearly confused and asks you if you are her husband. As your partner administers oxygen to the patient, you should: A. ask an attendant for the patient's medical records. B. determine the patient's baseline mental status. C. inquire about a history of Alzheimer disease. D. obtain a complete list of the patient's medications. B A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing scant vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should: A. place her in a left lateral recumbent position. B. position her supine and elevate her legs 12″. C. carefully place sterile gauze into her vagina. D. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. A Which of the following statements regarding communications with the elderly is correct? A. Attempt to calm the elderly patient by using his or her first name. B. The majority of elderly patients are hearing or visually impaired. C. Explain the justification for a procedure after it has been completed. D. Older patients have difficulty understanding when they are stressed. 76 | P a g e D Which of the following groups of people is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis? A. females B. children with shunts C. newborns D. geriatrics A A "silent" heart attack occurs when: A. the usual chest pain is not present. B. sweating is the only presentation. C. a sudden dysrhythmia causes death. D. the patient minimizes the chest pain. A General treatment guidelines when caring for a woman with traumatic vaginal bleeding include: A. packing the vagina with sterile dressings. B. transporting to an appropriate facility. C. carefully removing impaled objects. D. cleaning external wounds with sterile water. B When caring for a geriatric patient with a traumatic injury, it is important to consider that: A. geriatric patients usually present with little to no pain. B. the injury may have been preceded by a medical condition. C. geriatric patients typically present with classic signs of shock. D. decreased bone density often results in incomplete fractures. B You are assessing a 30-year-old female who presents with respiratory distress and tachycardia after she opened a package that was delivered to her home. The patient tells you that there was a fine white powder on the package, but she did not think it was important. This patient has MOST likely been exposed to: A. botulinum. B. a neurotoxin. C. anthrax. D. Ebola. C Minimum staffing in the patient compartment of a basic life support (BLS) ambulance includes: A. at least one EMT. B. at least two EMTs. 77 | P a g e C. an EMT and a paramedic. D. an EMT and an AEMT. A Nerve agents, a class of chemicals called organophosphates, were first discovered while in search of a superior: A. pesticide. B. vaccine. C. antibiotic. D. detergent. A While en route to a call for a patient in cardiac arrest, you approach a stopped school bus with its red warning lights flashing. You should: A. back up and take an alternate route to the scene. B. stop and wait until the warning lights stop flashing. C. pass the bus only after all the children have exited. D. slowly and carefully pass the bus on the left side. B The primary clinical feature associated with exposure to phosgene oxime is: A. a red rash. B. skin blistering. C. miosis. D. bradycardia. B The MOST appropriate location to park your ambulance at a HazMat incident is: A. uphill at least 25′ from the incident site. B. downwind at least 200′ from the scene. C. upwind at least 100′ from the incident. D. downhill at least 100′ from the incident. C You are dispatched to a residence for a patient with chest pain; however, you are unfamiliar with the address and cannot find the location in your map book. A nearby police officer radios you and tells you that he knows how to get to the scene. You should: A. follow the police officer in emergency mode until you get near the scene. B. keep your lights on and ask the police officer to guide you to the scene. C. ask the dispatcher to call the residence and obtain driving directions. D. turn off your lights and carefully follow the police officer to the scene. D 80 | P a g e Which of the following steps is NOT proper procedure when performing an emergency move? lifting the patient by the belt to move him or her When the shoulder girdle is aligned over the pelvis during lifting: the weight is exerted straight down the vertebrae You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you ifnd the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused; is in obvious respiratory distress; and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes, her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate life-saving treatment, you should: perform a detailed head-to-toe exam and prepare for immediate transport External bleeding from an extremity can usually be controlled initially by: applying direct pressure Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT: pulse strength What is the alveolar minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min? 5,600 mL A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately: perform oropharyngeal suctioning You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to: log roll him as a unit to a supine position You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin 81 | P a g e to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should: confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption? oral When gathering a patient's medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix, Nexium, and digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over-the-counter (OTC)? Nexium Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock? Wheezing A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is hot and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing: septic shock Abdominal thrusts in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed: until he or she loses consciousness Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is correct? V-fib results in an absence of forward blood flow Which of the following is NOT a BLS intervention? cardiac monitoring Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis A is correct? Hepatitis A can only be transmitted by a patient who has an acute infection A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, his pulse is 104 beats/min, and his respirations are 16 breaths/min. Your 82 | P a g e partner has applied supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) and he tells you that he does. You should: ask him what he takes, how much, and when he last took it When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should: start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she as recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. You should suspect: acute pulmonary embolism The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it: pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation Prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI is important because: the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy An absence seizure is also referred to as a: petit mal seizure You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced: a ruptured cerebral artery Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct? Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself. Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in: an ulcer Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because: excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys 85 | P a g e epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to: record the time and dose of the injection and transport promptly It is MOST important to determine a patient's weight when asking questions pertaining to a toxic injection because: activated charcoal is given based on a patient's weight You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in the upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should: remain in a safe place and request law enforcement Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder? Schizophrenia When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should: keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words Potentially life-threatening consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include: ovarian abscess and ectopic pregnancy During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred: when the patient was hurled against a stationary object A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is consious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely? Head injury External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because: veins are under a lower pressure An effective team leader should: help the team accomplish goals 86 | P a g e According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns; the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _______ of his or her total BSA. 1% A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to: unbold the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should: suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should: cover both of is eyes and transport to the hospital When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she: may lose sensation below the level of the injury Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following EXCEPT: superficial scalp lacerations Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that: air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung Hemoptysis is defined as: coughing up blood A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should: transport him in the position in which you found him 87 | P a g e Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct? The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. You shallow: bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a: dislocation A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should: provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse may cause: ventricular fibrillation After a baby is born, it is important to: ensure that it is thoroughly dried and warmed You are assessing a 25-year-old woman who is 39 weeks pregnant. She is experiencing regular contractions that are approximately 3 minutes apart and states that her amniotic sac broke 2 hours ago. After taking the standard precautions, you should: assess her for crowning The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is: bradycardia 90 | P a g e avoid applying pressure to the gold when you are covering the eye a patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced: a detached retina which of the following occurs after tissues are injured platelets collect at the injury sight which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours? skeletal muscle An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: body's temperature is considerably less that 98.6 F (37.0 C) An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost. 100 mL the ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to: how rapidly he of she bleeds Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: pain and distention gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: hematemesis In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: dizziness upon standing 91 | P a g e which of the following nerves carry information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord? sensory which of the following statements regarding motor nerves is correct? they carry information from the CNS to the muscles which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another? connection a reflex arc offers when: a sensory nerve detects an irritating stimulus and bypasses the brain by sending a direct message to the motor nerve the hormone responsible for the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is: epinephrine the phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at: C3, C4, and C5 the ____ nerves control the diaphragm. phrenic a patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury: requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation during your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should: assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask a 37 year old male pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should: aggressively manage his airway bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when: normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct? 92 | P a g e painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in both men and women Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be: given the option of being treated by a female EMT When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she: has gathered patient history information If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT must assume that she: is in shock normal respiratory rates should not exceed ______ breaths per minute in toddlers and _____ breaths per minute in infants. 40, 60 which of the following is the MOST effective method of assess the quality of air movement in the lungs? auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway? stridor clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the follow, EXCEPT shallow chest movement when a patient's respirations are shallow: tidal volume is markedly reduced which of the following signs of respiratory distress is seen MOST commonly in pediatric patients? seesaw breathing An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will: be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse? place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point 95 | P a g e - remove the CPAP device and apply oxygen by nonrebreathing mask. remove the CPAP device and ventilate him with a bag-valve mask. Unit 1: Which of the following MOST accurately defines negligence? - Transport of a mentally incompetent patient against his or her will - Deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury - Transferring patient care to a provider with a lower level of training - Providing care that is consistent with care provided by other EMTs Deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury Unit 1: Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT: - appearance. - pulse strength. - approximate age - level of distress. pulse strength. Unit 1: _____ is a sign of hypoxia to the brain. - Altered mental status - Decreased pulse rate - Decreased respiratory rate - Delayed capillary refill time Altered mental status Unit 1: A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chin are thrust forward. This position indicates that he: - has abdominal muscle spasms. - is experiencing severe back pain. - has a decreased level of consciousness. - is experiencing difficulty breathing. 96 | P a g e is experiencing difficulty breathing. Unit 1: The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is: - lactic acid. - pyruvic acid. - carbon dioxide. - adenosine triphosphate. carbon dioxide. Unit 1: You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: - influenza Type A. - pneumonia. - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - (COPD). - tuberculosis. Tuberculosis Unit 1: For children younger than 1 year old, you should palpate the _____ artery when assessing the pulse. - carotid - radial - femoral - brachial brachial Unit 1: You arrive on scene at a soccer field to find a 14 y/o male in respiratory distress. His vitals are pulse 110, BP 132/88, SpO2 89%, lung sounds wheezing in all fields. His is speaking in 1-2 word sentences and is grabbing at everything, but is able to tell you he has a "breathing problem". Your most appropriate treatment would be: - epinephrine - glucose - albuterol - aspirin albuterol 97 | P a g e Unit 1: Which of the following situations requires you to notify the appropriate authorities? - Cardiac arrest - Drug overdose - Attempted suicide - Accidental knife wound Attempted suicide Unit 1: To minimize the risk of litigation, the EMT should: - always transport patients to the hospital of their choice. - provide competent care that meets current standards. - use universal precautions with every patient encounter. - utilize at least four personnel when moving a patient. provide competent care that meets current standards. Unit 1: The areas of the spinal column, in descending order, are: - cervical, thoracic, sacral, lumbar, and coccyx. - cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx. - cervical, thoracic, coccyx, lumbar, and sacral. - cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral, and coccyx. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx. C, T, L, S, C Unit 1: The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the: - ventral pedis. - dorsalis pedis. - anterior tibial. - posterior tibial. dorsalis pedis. Unit 1: Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia? - Anxiety - Cyanosis