EMT FINAL EXAM 4 REVIEW SHEET ADVANCED CAREER COUNSELING.pdf, Exercises of Nursing

Download EMT FINAL EXAM 4 REVIEW SHEET ADVANCED CAREER COUNSELING.pdf and more Exercises Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! lOMoAR cPSD|22896205 EMT FINAL EXAM 4 REVIEW SHEET ADVANCED CAREER COUNSELING EMT FINAL EXAM 4 REVIEW SHEET ADVANCED CAREER COUNSELING 1. What are the respiratory rates when we should consider a BVM? How do we determine adequate respirations? 8 respirations per minute (ADULT), Skin signs and anatomical signs 2. Understand the etiology and audible differences with: a. Wheezing Constriction of bronchioles/Air being forced through small air passages that constricted. Fine and musical sound. Asthma b. Ronchi Constriction of tracheobronchial passage/air being forced through large air passage that is constricted. Coarse and loud sound. COPD, Pneumonia c. Crackles (Rales) Generated by small airways snapping open on inspiration. Coarse, fine=Small and deeper pitched and coarse crackle=Large. CHF d. Stridor Airway obstruction. Whistle. Choking 3. Corrective action if we no longer see visible chest rise while performing PP ventilation Readjust Airway, 4. Oxygen flow rates for: a. Nasal cannula 1-6 b. Non-rebreather mask 10-15kno c. BVM 15-25 d. Nebulized breathing treatment 6-8 5. Airway obstruction knowledge: a. Witness patient collapses…….what should your first objective be chest compresions Determine if ABCs are compromised/Readjust airway b. What to ask and how to approach a patient who is possibly choking Are you choking? Ask to cough. Present self premison ab thrust c. When do we simply encourage them to cough?Patrial Obstruction 6. How to treat a patient with a STOMA that is not with adequate respirations Cover stoma with fitting mask (PED) and oxygenate 7. When to treat a patient with humidified oxygen? Hint: think of croup in a pediatric patient. When the etiology indicates that illness is exacerbated by dry or cold air. i.e. Croup or long transport lOMoAR cPSD|22896205 EMT FINAL EXAM 4 REVIEW SHEET ADVANCED CAREER COUNSELING 8. How to ask questions to a patient with extreme SOB, what to ask and when…… Yes or No Questions 9. NPA vs. OPA (when they are indicated and contra-indicated) NPA is contraindicated by head or facial trauma specifically nasal. Indicated when a patient has gag reflex or semi-conscious. OPA is contraindicated by conscious patient or intact gag reflex facial trauma. Indicated when patient has tongue obstruction or maintenance of airway 10.When to suction a patient and what suction catheter would be best for oropharynx Rigid Catheter when airway is compromised by fluid or throwing up 11.Signs and symptoms of “Spontaneous Pneumothorax” and “Tension Pneumothorax” Diminished lung sounds, unequal chest rise, JVD, Tracheal deviation, absent lung sound 12.Signs and symptoms of Pneumonia and its etiology Fever, Productive Cough, Rhonchi lower lung on one side, Infection of the lung 13.Signs and symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis and its etiology Cyanotic, bigger, pursed lip breathing, 14.Difference between Systole and Diastole Systolic(High) is pressure on contraction of heart and diastole(Low) is the relaxation of heart 15.If a patient regains their pulses after the use of an AED, what should we assist with? Rescue breathing/ABCs/Ventilation 16.Know the major contraindications with NTG Systolic of 90 or below, Pulmonary Vasodilators/Sexual Enhancement Drugs, More than 3 usages of NITRO, expired 17.When dealing with a possible strokestoke patient, what questions are important to ask? Cincinnati Stroke Scale/Onset or Last known well/Deficits 18.When assessing a patient with agonal respirations……what is our course of action? Determine ABCs/Life threat then treat for Airway automatically i.e BVM 19.How to position a patient that appears to be in shock? Supine or TrendelenburgTrendelemnburg 20.Which chamber of the heart, when in failure is responsible for causing pulmonary edema? lOMoAR cPSD|22896205 EMT FINAL EXAM 4 REVIEW SHEET ADVANCED CAREER COUNSELING 45.Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis Tenderness and pain in upper right/mostly left near middle quadrant, distension can turn into partenitis 46.Types of seizures: a. Petite mal Absent Sezuire b. Focal motor One area of body seizing c. Grand mal Whole body d. Status epilepticus 15 or more minutes of seizure without regaining consciousness (Assume when seizure occcurs) 47.Signs and symptoms of appendicitis Lower right quadrant, rebound tenderness, fever, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate 48.When delivering a child, how do we address if cord is wrapped around baby’s neck? Two fingers between cord and slip between neck or clamp and cut 49.What role does the placenta play Nureshishs baby 50.Pregnancy related emergencies and their trimester: a. Ectopic pregnancy Phelopian tubes, First trimester, lower quadrant pain b. Abruptio placentae Placenta separates prematurely, later trimester, trauma painful blood c. Placentae previa Placenta blocking cervix, painless blood later trimesters d. Spontaneous abortion usually by 20 weeks 51.How do we position a pregnant female during transport and (WHY!!!!!) Padding on the left lateral side to allow for the inferior vena cava to remain uncompressed by body weight 52.What signs will be present for immediate delivery of newborn. Certain questions to ask mother and what to visualize Crowning, Bowl movement or baring down, urge to push how far apart are contractions and how long, prenatal care, complications 53.Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia…..understand the diference and how to treat Hypertension and swelling, jvd, headache, vision abnormalities, ringing of ears, seizures. Treat like normal seizure observing normal pregnancy problems 54.Ruptured ovarian cyst lOMoAR cPSD|22896205 EMT FINAL EXAM 4 REVIEW SHEET ADVANCED CAREER COUNSELING Sharp, Tearing pain, Lower left and right quadrants, radiates towards back normally know they have cysts 55.Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Vaginal Discharge, Bloody shows, burring pain in lower abdomen, pain before and after sex, UTI, 56.When and why would we “massage the fundus” of mother after delivery? When there bleeding after pregnancy, helps stop bleeding 57.How to position mother if ONLY an umbilical cord is present upon inspection? Position her face down and hips up. Elevate hips KNEES TO CHEST 58.If a female has been sexually assaulted and bleeding from the vagina, what is the best way to treat? Dry sterile dressing over vagina and pressure 59.Breech birth Anything other than the head comes out, elevate the hips and discourage pushing, rapid transport/no delivery 60.When would an EMT place gloved fingers into the vaginal opening during pregnancy related complications? Umbilical cord/prolapsed cord, make v and create space 61.What is perineum tearing? When baby is coming out it either does or doesn't 62.Normal respiratory rates for pediatrics, and adolescents NEONate 30 60, 24-50, 22-34 63.Integumentary system AKA SKIN and its role Skin to protect body from infection 64.What is the leading cause in Bradycardia for pediatrics? Respiratory issues/Hypoxia 65.Croup signs and symptoms as well as its etiology Seal-Like Cough, Upper Respiratory Viral INfection 66.What type of bleeding requires direct pressure? As well as a tourniquet? To arterial bleed at least 2inches above 67.Signs and symptoms of meningitis Stif neck/Nuchal Rigidity, Red rashes, High Fever, headache 68.APGAR score…..what is our course of action for a child is bluish in color on extremities only and crying 9 and Warm/Dry Vigorously lOMoAR cPSD|22896205 EMT FINAL EXAM 4 REVIEW SHEET ADVANCED CAREER COUNSELING 69.How to treat an allergic reaction and what is our primary concern versus Anaphylaxis Epi if the patient has it, or O2. Anaphylaxis turns into shock. 70.When do we consider chest compressions on a newborn? What abnormal vitals would we be concerned with? HR less than 60, Reps less than thirty pulse less than 100 start breathing 71.Signs and symptoms of a ruptured spleen in a child? Sharp pain, Left upper quadrant to left shoulder, low bp, hr up, rigidity or distension possible ecchymosis 72.Signs and symptoms of Epiglottitis Sore throat, drooling, Bacterial infection of epiglottis, high fever, 73.After the head of a newborn has been delivered, what should we observe for that would indicate a possible respiratory complication? Green, yellow, brown incontinence that can be asphyxiate the child. Meconium 74.When and why do we place the newborn at the level of the placentae (or vaginal opening) If cords pulsating 75.Regardless of any type of traumatic injury, if a patient is unresponsive our first priority should be? Carotid pulse, ABC/Lifethreats 76.Best way to treat frostbite on extremities would be…… Warming passively, don’t warm too quickly 77.GSW patient with injuries to thoracic cavity becomes increasingly SOB, how can we assist the patient? Inclusive dressing 78.When treating a puncture injury to the chest wall, how do we want to place our semi-occlusive dressing? 3 sides covered 79.Head injuries and blood thinners, why is this such a bad combination and how may the patient present? Head bleeds alot and blood thinners don’t cause clotting causing. Cushings triad, ALOC, Posturing 80.When we see bubbling and bleeding from a penetrating chest injury, what is our best dressing to apply? Semi-occlusive dressing 81.Main diference between a femur fracture and hip dislocation? HINT, they’ll both present with outward rotation and shortening of extremity Deformity to thigh, swollen, crepitus for fractures 82.How to treat an OPEN femur fracture Pressure or Tourniquet, Stabilize with manual splint and cover with abd pad NO TRACTION SPLINT