EMT Certification and Patient Care: Stress Management, Stretchers, and Communication, Exams of Nursing

Download EMT Certification and Patient Care: Stress Management, Stretchers, and Communication and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

EMT Final Exam 797 Verified Solutions graded A

A written authorization for an EMS provider to perform a particular skill in a specific situation is a(n): - Correct answerstanding order. In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged which of the following agencies with the development of emergency medical service standards? - Correct answerU.S. Department of Transportation To be compassionate and empathetic, to be accurate with interviews, and to inspire confidence are all examples of which of the personal traits of a quality EMT? - Correct answerAble to listen to others What is the minimum level of certification required of ambulance personnel responsible for direct patient care? - Correct answerEmergency Medical Technician What best describes the level of EMS training that emphasizes activation of the EMS system and provides immediate care for life-threatening problems? - Correct answerEmergency Medical Responder Which of the following groups is credited with developing the earliest documented emergency medical service? - Correct answerThe French Which of the following is a physical trait necessary for performing the duties of an EMT?

• Correct answerAbility to speak clearly Which of the following refers to a program or process for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of an EMS system? - Correct answerQuality improvement Who assumes the ultimate responsibility for patient care rendered by the EMT? - Correct answerMedical Director You and another new EMT are studying your local protocols. The other EMT notices that you may give oral glucose without utilizing on-line medical control, but you must get an on-line order from a physician before assisting a patient in taking his nitroglycerin for chest pain. The EMT asks you why some drugs require on-line medical control while others do not. What is the best answer to give him? - Correct answerthe physician wants to be sure it is appropriate for the patient. You have just come on duty. The EMT on the previous shift complains to you that the QI manager was giving him grief because he did not document three sets of vital signs on the patient record. The EMT is angry and does not understand why documenting three sets of vital signs is so important. What is the best answer you could give him? - Correct

answerhe recording of three sets of vital signs demonstrates that you were trending the patient's condition. A(n) ________ is a situation that may lead to an acute stress reaction. - Correct answerinjury of a coworker An EMT is confronted by an armed gunman who is threatening to kill the EMT and his partner. An elevation in the EMT's heart rate and blood pressure occurs in which stage of the body's response to stress? - Correct answerAlarm reaction stage Due to the high risk of an unstable work environment, EMTs responding to a motor vehicle crash may consider using ________ in addition to standard PPE. - Correct answerheavy-duty gloves One's "cognitive ability" refers to his or her ability to do which of the following? - Correct answerThink and solve problems The term burnout is also known as a(n) ________ stress reaction. - Correct answercumulative What is a common term used to describe the items needed for Standard Precautions or body substance isolation precautions? - Correct answerPersonal protective equipment What is not the priority of an EMT at the scene of a hazardous materials incident? - Correct answerIdentification of hazardous materials When responding to the scene of a patient who was discovered to be unresponsive, not breathing, and without a pulse, family members state that the patient has been suffering from cancer for several years. One of his sons is cursing at you and your partner, saying that you are not moving fast enough. Which stage of grief is the patient's son experiencing in response to his father's death? - Correct answerAnger Which of the following behaviors would demonstrate that an EMT understands reactions to death and dying? - Correct answerBeing tolerant of angry reactions by patients and family members Which of the following is the form of stress that can cause immediate and long-term problems with an EMT's health and well-being? - Correct answerDistress Which of the following provides the greatest personal safety for an EMT working at a motor vehicle collision? - Correct answerReflective outer clothing Which three "Rs" are essential for the EMT to practice when reacting to danger? - Correct answerRespond, radio, reevaluate

You are dispatched to a "man down" with no further information. As your unit arrives on- scene, you see a crowd of bystanders looking at a man lying in an alleyway. The bystanders begin screaming to you, "Help him, he's been shot! He's bleeding real bad!" What would be the best course of action? - Correct answerDispatch law enforcement and wait until the scene is secure. You are dispatched to a female with altered mental status. Once inside the home, you find a female who appears to have been beaten unconscious. A man, who smells of alcohol, says that she is his wife and that he does not know what happened: "I just found her this way!" The husband is behaving suspiciously, appears paranoid, and is pacing erratically around the room. What would be the safest course of action? - Correct answerLeave the house and call for law enforcement. You are treating a patient who has a productive cough and who reports weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness, night sweats, and fever. Which of the following diseases is most likely the cause of these signs and symptoms? - Correct answerTuberculosis You respond to a laceration call. When you arrive on-scene, you walk into the house and find a person suffering from a severe wrist laceration from a broken window. Without thinking, you immediately grab the wrist and apply direct pressure to the wound. You then realize that, in your hurry to save a life, you forgot to put on your gloves. You look down to see your hand is covered in blood. When practical, you immediately wash your hands thoroughly. What is your next best action? - Correct answerReport the exposure so you can protect yourself from any accidental infection. For a patient without a possibility of spinal injury, which of the following carries should be used to move him from a bed to a stretcher? - Correct answerDraw-sheet method Stretchers that are designed to carry obese patients weighing up to 800 pounds (or more) are called: - Correct answerbariatric stretchers. What is the likely impact of power stretchers on EMS? - Correct answerThere will be a decrease in the number of injuries among EMTs. What type of move should the EMT use to move a patient who is in a car that has started to burn? - Correct answerEmergency move Where should you position the weight of the object being lifted? - Correct answerAs close to the body as possible Which of the following devices should be used to carry a patient down the stairs whenever possible? - Correct answerStair chair Which of the following is the correct position of an EMT's feet when lifting? - Correct answerShoulder-width apart

Which of the following should you use when you want to move a patient from a wheelchair to a stretcher? - Correct answerExtremity lift You and your partner arrive on the scene of a 400-pound patient lying in bed. He complains of nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days. When he tries to sit up, he gets very dizzy and has a syncopal episode. Realizing that he cannot assist you in getting on the stretcher, you decide to do which of the following? - Correct answerCall for additional manpower to move the patient. You have responded to a nursing home and find an elderly patient in his bed in cardiac arrest. Which type of move would you perform to get the patient to a hard surface so you can perform chest compressions? - Correct answerEmergency move If the EMT is in doubt as to whether a patient in cardiac arrest should be resuscitated, which of the following is the best decision? - Correct answerBegin resuscitative measures. Sharing information about a patient's medical history with your neighbor after you hear a call on a radio scanner would constitute which of the following? - Correct answerBreach of confidentiality Two EMTs respond to the scene of a syncopal episode. They evaluate a 50-year-old male patient who passed out and cut his upper lip. The EMTs examine the patient and his vital signs are normal. The EMTs talk the patient out of an expensive ambulance ride and suggest he will save money by driving himself to the urgent care clinic for stitches for his lip rather than waiting all night in the emergency department as a nonemergency patient. The patient signs the EMS refusal form. The patient decides to see his own doctor the next morning but dies at his house from sudden cardiac arrest an hour later. Which of the following statements is true? - Correct answerThe EMTs are negligent because there was proximate causation. Which of the following information may be important to law enforcement officers investigating a crime scene? - Correct answerHow you gained access to the scene Which of the following refers to the care that would be expected to be provided by an EMT with similar training when caring for a patient in a similar situation? - Correct answerStandard of care Which of the following statements is true concerning protection by Good Samaritan laws? - Correct answerThe purpose of Good Samaritan laws is to protect people who are trying to help in an emergency. While treating a patient involved in a shooting at the patient's vacation home, which of the following actions will NOT interfere with the investigation of a crime scene? - Correct answerWearing gloves at the scene

You are treating an elderly male patient in the back of your ambulance. En route, the patient becomes unresponsive. Upon arrival, the ED nurse asks you several questions about his condition. What should you do? - Correct answerYou should answer her questions because you may legally share the patient's medical condition with other pertinent health care providers. You respond to a middle school for a 12-year-old male patient who has been hit by a car. You get consent to treat the patient from the school principal. What concept allows the principal to speak for the parents? - Correct answerIn loco parentis Your patient is a 40-year-old known diabetic who was found unconscious at work by a coworker. What type of consent allows you to treat this patient? - Correct answerImplied consent A postal worker has been attacked by a dog during her mail delivery route. The patient is a 54-year-old female with several dog bites on her lower extremities and left arm. The worst of these bites is located on the back of her right leg just above the ankle. How can you explain the location of this injury using anatomical landmarks? - Correct answerThe bite is located on the posterior aspect of the calf distal to the knee. The wrist is ________ to the elbow. - Correct answerdistal What is another term for the frontal aspect of the body? - Correct answerAnterior When discussing left and right in terms of anatomic locations, what do they refer to? - Correct answerLeft and right from the patient's perspective. Which of the following describes the midline of the body? - Correct answerAn imaginary line dividing the body into equal right and left halves Which word has a prefix that means rapid? - Correct answerTachypnea

• Correct answer You and your newly hired EMT partner arrive on the scene of a bicycle collision at the local community park. One cyclist stands by and says that she has no injuries. The other is lying on his side on the bike path, guarding his ribs and holding the lower part of his left leg. Your partner kneels next to the man, introduces herself, and asks, "Can you ambulate?" The patient looks up, confused and in obvious pain. "Can you ambulate? You know...walk?" Your partner says, a little louder. After transporting the patient, you discuss the call with your partner and suggest that she avoid using medical terms unnecessarily when talking with patients. She seems insulted and says, "Why?" What would you say? - Correct answerTell her that the point of communicating with patients and other providers is so there is clear understanding; using medical terms when not necessary can cause confusion.

Which of the following describes the Fowler position? - Correct answerSitting upright with the legs straight Which of the following best describes the anatomic position? - Correct answerStanding, facing forward, with arms at the side, palms forward Why should an EMT avoid the use of acronyms and abbreviations when communicating? - Correct answerThere is a chance that they can lead to errors in continued care for the patient. Your 79-year-old female patient appears to show all signs and symptoms of a stroke. Her level of consciousness has rapidly deteriorated, she is now unconscious, and she can no longer control her own airway. While you intervene to manage her airway, the best position in which to keep fluid or vomitus from occluding her airway would be the: - Correct answerrecovery position. A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components? - Correct answerPlatelets Failure of the liver would result in which of the following? - Correct answerInability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream Physiology is the study of: - Correct answerbody function The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the ________ pulse. - Correct answerdorsalis pedis What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine? - Correct answerCervical and lumbar What is another name for the eye socket? - Correct answerOrbit What is the inferior-most portion of the sternum? - Correct answerXiphoid process What is the long bone of the upper portion of the arm? - Correct answerHumerus What system is a group of organs and glands designed for the specific purpose of reproduction? - Correct answerReproductive system What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism? - Correct answerOxygen and glucose What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs? - Correct answerPulmonary artery

Which of the following body systems primarily produces hormones? - Correct answerEndocrine Which of the following is not a function of the skin? - Correct answerRemoval of old blood vessels Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the body? - Correct answerPlasma Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the stomach? - Correct answerEsophagus Which of the following structures or tissues is not part of the musculoskeletal system? - Correct answerFat Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the body? - Correct answerCapillaries Which of the following best describes the medical condition of shock? - Correct answerA state of inadequate tissue perfusion You are caring for a 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular system, you know he could be suffering from damage, narrowing, or blockage of what arteries? - Correct answerCoronary arteries You have been dispatched to the site of a construction accident where a 36-year-old male patient was moderately cut by some machinery. His left arm has a 4" deep laceration that appears to have stopped bleeding with the gauze and direct pressure applied by his coworkers. Your knowledge of physiology suggests that which component of blood was partially responsible for forming clotting factors to stop the bleeding? - Correct answerPlatelets Your unit has arrived on the scene of a multiple vehicle collision where several vehicles have rear-ended each other. You are directed by the incident commander to care for a 23-year-old female in the first vehicle. The firefighter on-scene holding manual spinal immobilization indicates that her primary complaint is back pain from her head whipping back and forth from the impact. Your understanding of the anatomy of the spinal column and vertebrae suggests that this type of mechanism of injury results in frequent injuries to which part of the spinal column? - Correct answerCervical spine A 19-year-old male is reported to have taken too many narcotic pain pills that were prescribed for his recent knee surgery. He is extremely sleepy with very shallow breathing. His color is pale and his SpO2 reading is 84 percent. His body is probably attempting to compensate for his poor level of ventilatory effort by stimulating the

respiratory system to increase rate and tidal volume. Normally, respiratory drive is triggered by changing levels of: - Correct answercarbon dioxide. A patient breathing in room air should be receiving ________ percent oxygen. - Correct answer 21 Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs via: - Correct answerplasma. Daniel has been performing landscaping on a hot, humid summer day when he suddenly becomes dizzy and feels like he might faint. This disruption of fluid balance is most likely caused by: - Correct answerdehydration. If a hole is created in the chest wall, air could escape or be drawn in, or if bleeding develops within the chest, air and blood can accumulate in the pleural space. This would force the lung to: - Correct answercollapse. In the normal drive to breathe, chemoreceptors are stimulated by: - Correct answerhigh carbon dioxide. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common ________ disorders. - Correct answerdigestive Plasma oncotic pressure is created by the movement of which of the following? - Correct answerLarge proteins Stroke volume depends on a series of factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood. This is known as: - Correct answercontractility. The cellular structure that is responsible for synthesizing proteins is the: - Correct answerendoplasmic reticulum. The metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is called: - Correct answeranaerobic. The net result of respiratory challenges is low oxygen, also called ________, within the body - Correct answerhypoxia The process by which glucose and other nutrients are converted into energy is called: - Correct answermetabolism. The sympathetic nervous response causes which of the following to occur? - Correct answerBreathing becomes faster and deeper, blood vessels constrict, heart beats stronger and faster, skin sweats, pupils dilate, and skin becomes pale. What do chemoreceptors found in the body and vascular system measure? - Correct answerLow oxygen and high carbon dioxide

What is a patent airway? - Correct answerA term used by EMS practitioners to indicate that the patient has a secured and opened airway necessary for life What is the best description of the chest's mechanical functions? - Correct answerThe chest is a closed space with only one opening; the trachea, to inspire air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air. What substances, when dissolved, separate into charged particles? - Correct answerElectrolytes You and your EMT partner respond to a local shipping warehouse for a worker who was hit by a falling crate. Upon arrival, you find the man lying on the concrete floor of the facility, alert and oriented but unable to move or even feel his legs below the waist. Based on the mechanism of injury and the symptoms, which of the patient's body systems would you suspect has been impaired? - Correct answerNervous system ________ blood returns to the right side of the heart. - Correct answerDeoxygenated A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and leaning forward with his hands on his knees. His skin is pink and his accurate pulse oximetry is 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory: - Correct answerdistress. A ________ is NOT typically used in the prehospital setting for oxygen administration. - Correct answerpartial rebreather mask Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action? - Correct answerInflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration. In assessing a patient's breathing, what is your first question? - Correct answerIs he breathing? The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called: - Correct answerpulmonary (external) respiration The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is ________ psi. - Correct answer 200 What are the signs of hypoxia? - Correct answerCommonly seen as blue or gray skin, deterioration of patient's mental status like confusion or restlessness What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient? - Correct answerIncreased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status

Which of the following BEST describes inadequate breathing? - Correct answerThe minute volume is less than normal. Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder? - Correct answerGreen and white Which of the following is acceptable for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator? - Correct answerGasket Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient? - Correct answerNonrebreather mask Which of the following patients does NOT require the administration of supplemental oxygen? - Correct answerA 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband Which of these patients would require a tracheostomy mask for supplemental oxygen administration? - Correct answerA patient with a stoma Why is inhalation described as an active process? - Correct answerIt requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure. You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker. You should: - Correct answerreduce the volume of the ventilations. You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the best option? - Correct answerUse a nasal cannula instead. You have arrived at the scene of a call for a "man down." As you enter the residence you note that your patient is a male in his mid-60s who is awake but does not seem to acknowledge your presence. He is perspiring profusely, has cyanosis of his ears and lips, and has rapid, shallow respirations. Which of the following should you do first? - Correct answerAssist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen. Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath. You should: - Correct answerapply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen. For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called: - Correct answerhypoxia. The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membranes from the capillaries is called: - Correct answerinternal respiration.

The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute.

• Correct answer 6 What is the relatively rare condition that can cause respiratory depression? - Correct answerChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has changed the stimulus to breathe to the hypoxic drive and high concentration can depress breathing. When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure? - Correct answerWhen the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change. The normal stimulus to breathe is stimulated by the chemoreceptors that measure the change of what two gases? - Correct answerHigh carbon dioxide and low oxygen Which of the following describes why fast respiration may decrease minute volume? - Correct answerThe lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas. Which of the following statements BEST describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli? - Correct answerAir moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs. A 12-year-old female patient is having an asthma attack after participating in some strenuous activity during recess at school. She's taken several doses of her own bronchodilator with little relief. Your partner immediately administers oxygen. Providing supplemental oxygen will increase the amount of oxygen molecules carried by the ________ in her blood, helping oxygenate critical organs like the brain. - Correct answerhemoglobin A 19-year-old male is reported to have taken too many narcotic pain pills that were prescribed for his recent knee surgery. He is extremely sleepy with very shallow breathing. His color is pale and his SpO2 reading is 84%. His body is probably attempting to compensate for his poor level of ventilatory effort by stimulating the respiratory system to increase rate and tidal volume. Normally, respiratory drive is triggered by changing levels of: - Correct answercarbon dioxide. A condition that is caused by a decreased number of red blood cells is called: - Correct answeranemia. An infection of the brain is called: - Correct answerencephalitis. Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs in two ways: via the red blood cells and:
• Correct answerplasma. n normal exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of process? - Correct answerPassive

Janie is having difficulty breathing. Her current tidal volume is 350 mL, and she is breathing at 28 times per minute. What would be her minute volume? - Correct answer9,800 mL Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is called: - Correct answerdead air space. Production of energy occurs in what part of the cell? - Correct answerMitochondria The basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy is: - Correct answerglucose. The disruption of lung tissue by mechanical forces or medical problems can upset diffusion, which is defined as: - Correct answerthe process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries. The human body is made up of ________ % water. - Correct answer 60 The layer of covering that protects the nervous system is called the: - Correct answermeninges. The net result of respiratory challenges is low oxygen, also called ________, within the body. - Correct answerhypoxia The potential space between the lung and chest wall is called the: - Correct answerpleural space. The respiratory system moves air in and out; however, to ________ cells, the air that is inhaled must meet up with the circulatory system. - Correct answerperfuse The study of how disease affects the functioning of the human body is called: - Correct answerpathophysiology. Water that is found in the space between cells and blood vessels is called: - Correct answerinterstitial. What is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs? - Correct answerNose, nasopharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli What is the most common digestive disorder? - Correct answervomiting and diarrhea What is the type of metabolism that occurs when energy is created with a balance of adequate oxygen and nutrients? - Correct answerAerobic

When carbon dioxide is not exchanged, the net result is high carbon dioxide, a condition called ________, within the body. - Correct answerhypercapnia When the body's water moves from the bloodstream into the interstitial space, it is called: - Correct answeredema. You are called to a kindergarten class where a boy has fallen while climbing on playground equipment. The teacher saw him fall and hit his stomach on a step. He is sobbing and holding his abdomen. As you assess him, you find his skin cool and clammy, his pulse is 132, respiratory is 28. Why is the boy acting this way? - Correct answerHe possibly has internal injuries and is in shock. You are caring for a 25-year-old male patient that has been shot once in the head. The patient is in extremis (near the point of death) with a noticeable breathing pattern that alternates between no breathing and fast breathing. Your understanding of pathophysiology leads you to believe the breathing pattern may be due to damage to the section of his brain responsible for respiratory control, also known as the: - Correct answermedulla oblongata. At which of the following stages is toilet-training most likely to begin? - Correct answerToddler During which age group is the body in peak physical condition? - Correct answerEarly adult In which age group do you anticipate seeing patients who have less efficient cardiovascular systems and a reduction of previous blood volume? - Correct answerLate adulthood Middle adulthood is the stage of life from ________ to ________ years. - Correct answer41; 60 Patients in which age group tend to be very concerned with body image? - Correct answerAdolescence What is a normal heart rate for a school age child? - Correct answer70-110/minute When you place your finger in an infant's palm, she grasps it with her fingers. This is an example of which reflex? - Correct answerPalmar Which of the following is NOT a common psychosocial challenge of late adulthood? - Correct answerSelf-destructive behaviors Which of the following is the term used to describe an infant's reaction to his environment? - Correct answerTemperament

Which of the following would be a normal set of vitals for a 4-year-old male patient? - Correct answerHeart rate 110/minute, respiratory rate 24/minute, and systolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg You are assessing a 6-month-old female patient who, according to the parents, is not acting normally. At this stage of development, the patient should be able to do which of the following? - Correct answerSit upright in a high chair You have been dispatched to a shopping mall to assess a 1-month-old female patient that tumbled out of her stroller while her mother was shopping. Upon your arrival, the baby is awake, alert, and happily smiling and cooing at her mom. The mother reports that the child did not appear to suffer any injuries as a result of the fall. As you assess the patient and place your finger in her hand, she grasps it tightly. This is known as the:

• Correct answerpalmar reflex. Your 89-year-old male patient has called for help because he almost passed out after bringing in his garbage cans from the curb. The patient lives alone and says that he became panicked when he started feeling so lightheaded and dizzy. Patients in this age group often undergo all of the following changes to their health, except: - Correct answerincreased metabolism. A 26-month-old toddler is reported to have fallen and lacerated his chin. His mother did not witness the fall. As you proceed through your assessment, your partner reports that she's concerned about his heart rate, which she measures as 64. She's checked it twice. Your knowledge of normal vital signs for a patient this age suggests that his pulse rate is: - Correct answertoo slow. All of the following can result in airway obstructions, except: - Correct answerthe tongue. Perhaps the simplest way to determine if a patient has a patent airway is to: - Correct answersay "hello." The jaw-thrust maneuver is the only ________ airway procedure for an unconscious patient with possible head, neck, or spine injury or unknown mechanism of injury. - Correct answerrecommended To be effective, a suction unit must be able to generate air flow of ________ liters per minute and create a vacuum of ________ mmHg. - Correct answer30; 300 What is the sound of the soft tissue of the upper airway creating impedance or partial obstruction to the flow of air? - Correct answerSnoring When suctioning the airway, suction should never be applied for longer than ________ seconds. - Correct answer 10

Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway? - Correct answerNasal flaring Which of the following is the correct method of suctioning? - Correct answerInsert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction. Which of the following patients should NOT have their airway opened using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver? - Correct answerA homeless person of undetermined age found lying unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders. Which of the following structures is found in the lower airway? - Correct answerBronchi You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should: - Correct answerleave the dentures in place. Your patient is breathing 4 shallow breaths per minute due to overdosing on his pain medication but he has a palpable radial pulse. He vomited prior to your arrival and is choking. You should: - Correct answerroll him over onto his side to clear the airway. Which of the following should be kept in mind when assessing and managing the airway of a pediatric patient? - Correct answerThe trachea is easily obstructed by swelling. Which of the following is a disadvantage of oropharyngeal airways (OPAs)? - Correct answerThey cannot be used in a patient with a gag reflex. You have performed a head tilt-chin lift maneuver on a 17-month-old boy and are attempting to ventilate him with a bag-valve mask. You are experiencing a lot of resistance with each breath and the chest is barely rising. Prior to attempting ventilations again, you should: - Correct answerease the head forward a little. A patient being transported by ambulance to the hospital can have his blood pressure measured by which of the following methods? - Correct answerBlood pressure monitor, Palpation, Auscultation Any of these All of the following are common techniques for measuring blood pressure, except: - Correct answerRhythm method An oxygen saturation of 97% is considered which of the following? - Correct answerNormal If capillary refill is assessed in a child patient, how long should it take the normal pink color to return to the nail bed? - Correct answer2 seconds

Recording and documenting your patient's first set of vital signs is very important because, when combined with reassessments, it allows you to do which of the following? - Correct answerDiscover trends and changes in the patient's condition. The device that some EMS services use as a light wave device to measure oxygen saturation (SpO2) is called a(n): - Correct answerpulse oximeter. The method of taking blood pressure by using a stethoscope to listen to the characteristic sounds produced is called: - Correct answerauscultation. To determine blood pressure, the EMT should position the cuff over the upper arm and place the stethoscope over the brachial artery. Next, she should inflate the cuff, then slowly deflate the cuff, listening for clicks or tapping sounds while remembering the number at the first sound. What is the next step in taking a blood pressure? - Correct answerContinue releasing pressure until the clicks or tapping stop, and record both numbers. These are the blood pressure. What are the three ways to take blood pressure? - Correct answerPalpation, auscultation, and blood pressure monitor What is the pressure remaining in the arteries after the pulse wave has passed through? - Correct answerDiastolic blood pressure When the EMT checks the pupils he or she is checking for what three things? - Correct answerSize, equality, and reactivity Which of the following BEST describes the proper placement of the blood pressure cuff? - Correct answerCovering two-thirds of the upper arm Which of the following is a normal respiratory rate for an adult at rest? - Correct answer12-20 breaths per minute You are assessing a 48-year-old male who is unconscious. The scene is safe and you hear the patient gurgling. What is your next action? - Correct answerSuction the airway. You are attempting to assess the blood pressure of a 35-year-old male at the scene of a multiple vehicle collision. The scene is very noisy and you are unable to clearly hear the patient's heartbeat. You should: - Correct answerobtain the blood pressure by palpation. You are transporting a patient down a bumpy road. Your patient's blood pressure has just been measured by the monitor to be 190/110. The patient's blood pressure on scene was 130/80. You should: - Correct answerre-measure the blood pressure manually. You have a 38-year-old patient who has fainted. Following your local protocol you use a light wave device to determine the SpO2. As the EMT, you attach the device on the

patient's finger, which gives you a reading of 91. What does that reading indicate? - Correct answerMild hypoxia You respond to a childcare center for a report of an injured 4-year-old. Her pulse is 130 beats per minute. Which of the following BEST describes this finding? - Correct answerTachycardic Your patient is in late stages of liver failure and has requested to be transported to the emergency department. You take your body substance isolation and move him to your cot and notice his skin is warm and dry with a yellow color. Your radio report to the hospital should state your patient is: - Correct answerjaundiced. A(n) ________ set of vital signs is important for critical decision making for the EMT. - Correct answeraccurate Breathing sounds that should concern the EMT are: - Correct answersnoring, gurgling, wheezing, and crowing. In a conscious adult patient, which of the following pulses should be assessed initially? - Correct answerRadial The increase in the work of breathing is reported as: - Correct answerlabored breathing. An injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or other body tissue is known as which of the following? - Correct answerPenetrating trauma As you are assessing a 32-year-old asthmatic woman who has called EMS due to difficulty breathing, her husband enters the home through a back door and shouts, "Get your hands off her; she doesn't need your help. She needs to be taught a lesson about her smart mouth." Which of the following is the best course of action? - Correct answerLeave the scene and the patient, and then notify police. At the scene of a vehicle collision in which there are no apparent hazards, which of the following guidelines should be followed for establishing a danger zone? - Correct answerThe danger zone should be 50 feet in all directions. At which of the following points should you begin your scene size-up? - Correct answerAs you approach the scene in the ambulance When considering the potential for injury from a fall, which of the following is least important? - Correct answerPatient's weight When should the EMT evaluate the need for Standard Precautions? - Correct answerAn evaluation should be made throughout the call.

Which law of physics explains why a patient's liver can be injured from the impact of his car with a tree? - Correct answerLaw of inertia Which of the following is true concerning the potential for violence at the scene of an EMS call? - Correct answerAn unusual lack of activity at the scene may signal impending violence against the EMT. Which of the following is not determined in a scene size-up? - Correct answerChief complaint Which of the following situations requires additional action by the EMT during scene size-up? - Correct answerThe sound of a barking and growling dog upon approaching the door to a residence. Which of the following will deliver a medium velocity impact? - Correct answerBullet from a handgun You and your partner are en route to a motor vehicle crash involving a tanker truck on a rural road. Dispatch informs you that fluid is leaking from the truck, that there are several bystanders passed out on the ground near the cab of the truck, and that a caller has reported the code that appears on a placard attached to the tanker truck. You should: - Correct answerconsult the Emergency Response Guidebook. You are dispatched to a local bar for the report of an unresponsive female patient found in the bathroom. As you approach the scene, you notice a large crowd outside the front door holding beer bottles. The group has pulled the patient outside. As you approach the scene, people from the group start yelling, "Do something! She's not breathing." What concerns you the most about this scene? - Correct answerThe large crowd that has been drinking and is now yelling at you You are on the scene of an explosion at a suspected methamphetamine manufacturing operation. You and your partner are the first to arrive and note two middle-aged men and a woman on the front lawn with burns and cuts on their faces and arms. The fire department is en route. Which of the following resources would be the least important to request during the scene size-up? - Correct answerHazardous material clean-up crew You should have a keen awareness that there may be injuries based on your scene size-up. This is known as which of the following? - Correct answerIndex of suspicion Your patient, a 29-year-old female, was the front seat passenger in a vehicle that was struck in the passenger's side door by another vehicle that ran a red light. Which of the following is most likely to have occurred? - Correct answerThe patient's body was pushed forcefully out from under her head, causing injury to the cervical spine. During the primary assessment of a responsive adult patient, where should the pulse be checked? - Correct answerAt the radial artery

For which of the following patients would capillary refill be a reliable sign of circulatory status? - Correct answer3-year-old child with a fever and cough In EMS, which of the following best describes the term intervention? - Correct answerTaking steps to correct a problem The mnemonic AVPU is used to evaluate which of the following? - Correct answerPatient's level of responsiveness What is the first thing the EMT does during the primary assessment? - Correct answerForms a general impression Which of the following differences should be expected when assessing a pediatric patient, as compared to an adult patient? - Correct answerThe normal respiratory rate is faster. Which of the following indicates a possible circulatory problem? - Correct answerWeak, thready pulse that is normal in rate, Slow pulse, Rapid pulse, All of these Which of the following is the correct manner for checking for responsiveness in an apparently unresponsive infant? - Correct answerFlicking the soles of the feet Which of the following is the proper position for maintaining the airway in a child with a decreased level of consciousness? - Correct answerPlacing the head and neck in a neutral position; using a folded towel under the shoulders if necessary Which of the following is true concerning the primary assessment? - Correct answerThe primary assessment begins by just observing the patient as you enter the room. Which of the following is not part of the general impression? - Correct answerPatient's past medical history Which of the following is not true regarding a patient who has a mental status of less than alert? - Correct answerHe is in a state of rapid eye movement sleep. Which of the following questions will most likely elicit your patient's chief complaint? - Correct answerWhat made you call 911 this evening? Which of the following techniques is used when formulating the general impression? - Correct answerDetecting odors, Listening for unusual sounds, Looking for visual clues All of these Which term refers to the EMT's initial sense of the patient's condition, based on immediate assessment of the patient's environment, appearance, and chief complaint? - Correct answerGeneral impression

You are approaching a young adult male lying supine on the ground with his eyes closed. You should: - Correct answerask him if he is okay. You are at the scene where a 19-year-old female college student has been drinking large quantities of alcohol throughout the evening. On your arrival, the patient is lying on her back with no signs of trauma; has vomited; and has slow, wet sounding respirations. Which of the following should you do next? - Correct answerOpen the patient's airway using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. You find a middle-aged unresponsive man lying prone on the ground near a ladder. You should: - Correct answermanually immobilize his head. You have arrived on the scene at a high school football field where a 17-year-old male is lying on the ground. He is unresponsive and cyanotic, and he is making obvious respiratory effort without moving adequate amounts of air. Which of the following should be done first? - Correct answerOpen the patient's airway using a manual maneuver. Your patient is a 42-year-old woman who fell two feet from a ladder and is complaining of pain in her ankle. Which of the following are you unable to determine from the information given? - Correct answerTransport priority Your patient is a middle-aged man who appears to be in distress and is clutching his chest. These observations lead you to suspect which type of problem? - Correct answerCardiac During the primary assessment of an unresponsive two-month-old infant, which pulse should be palpated? - Correct answerBrachial In EMS, what does mental status refer to? - Correct answerThe patient's level of awareness of his surroundings A patient with a pulse rate of 120 beats per minute is considered which of the following?

• Correct answerTachycardic All of the following are common techniques for measuring blood pressure except: - Correct answersphygmomanometer. An inaccurate oxygen saturation reading can result from all of the following except: - Correct answerlying very still. An oxygen saturation of 97 percent is considered which of the following? - Correct answerNormal

How often should a patient's vital signs be reassessed during transport to the hospital after the pulse has been restored with CPR and the use of an AED? - Correct answerEvery 5 minutes In a blood pressure reading of 120/80, what body process does the 120 measure? - Correct answerSystolic blood pressure; when the left ventricle contracts and the blood is forced into the arteries In which of the following situations would it be preferable to determine blood pressure by palpation rather than by auscultation? - Correct answerThere is too much noise to use a stethoscope. Slight movement of the chest during respiration is usually indicative of which of the following? - Correct answerShallow breathing The first set of vital sign measurements obtained are often referred to as which of the following? - Correct answerBaseline vital signs The normal range for blood glucose is between 70 mg/dL and: - Correct answer 100 mg/dL. Upon assessment of your patient, you notice that he has cool, sweaty skin. This finding is best described as which of the following? - Correct answerVital sign What color is the patient's skin if it is described as being cyanotic? - Correct answerBlue-gray When taking blood pressure manually, the cuff should be inflated to what point? - Correct answer30 mmHg beyond the point where the pulse disappears When the heart contracts and forces blood into the arteries, the pressure created is known as the: - Correct answersystolic blood pressure. Which of the following are vital signs that need to be recorded for virtually every EMS patient? - Correct answerPulse; respiration; skin color, temperature, and condition; pupils; and blood pressure Which of the following is the best way to assess a patient's skin temperature? - Correct answerPlace the back of your hand against the patient's forehead. Which of the following best describes the proper placement of the blood pressure cuff? - Correct answerCovering two-thirds of the upper arm You are assessing an 82-year-old female who has been lost in the woods behind her nursing home for several hours on a crisp fall evening. Your pulse oximeter shows her oxygen saturation to be 82 percent even though she appears to be breathing

adequately. In order to ensure an accurate reading, you should: - Correct answerwarm the patient's hands and try again. You are called to a 72-year-old patient with weakness and headache and an initial blood pressure of 140/92. Her repeat blood pressure at 5 minutes is unchanged. Her condition is called: - Correct answerhypertension. You are transporting a patient down a bumpy road. Your patient's blood pressure has just been measured by the monitor at 190/110. The patient's blood pressure on scene was 130/80. You should: - Correct answerre-measure the blood pressure manually. You are unable to find a radial pulse on a patient from a motor vehicle crash. You should: - Correct answerattempt to find the carotid pulse. You respond to a 30-month-old patient who has passed out. Is the patient's blood pressure important to your treatment? Why? - Correct answerNo, blood pressure is difficult to obtain in children younger than age 3 and has little impact on the patient's field management. You respond to a cafeteria to find an unconscious person with gurgling sounds upon exhalation and inhalation. What is the probable cause of the respiratory sounds? - Correct answerFluids in the airway Your patient has a heart rate of 82, a respiratory rate of 16, and a blood pressure of 120/80 and does not appear to be in any distress. You should repeat vital sign measurements at least every: - Correct answer15 minutes. Your patient is warm, dry, pink, and denies shortness of breath. Which of the following should the EMT expect to find when evaluating the patient's oxygen saturation? - Correct answer98 percent You respond to a childcare center for a report of an injured 4-year-old. Her pulse is 130 beats per minute. Which of the following best describes this finding? - Correct answerTachycardic A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he has significantly altered mentation. What is the treatment for this patient? - Correct answerVentilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD. You and your EMT partner are preparing to ventilate an elderly non-trauma patient who has a stoma. Your partner performs the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and you ask him to return the patient's head to a neutral position. "Why? This is not a pediatric patient!" your partner protests. What would you say? - Correct answerIt is not necessary to position the airway of a stoma breather when providing ventilations.

The trachea branches at the ________ and forms two mainstem bronchi. - Correct answercarina The transition from childhood to adulthood is known as which of the following? - Correct answerAdolescence Which of the following is not a common psychosocial challenge of late adulthood? - Correct answerSelf-destructive behaviors Your 89-year-old male patient has called for help because he almost passed out after bringing in his garbage cans from the curb. The patient lives alone and says that he became panicked when he started feeling so lightheaded and dizzy. Patients in this age group often undergo all of the following changes to their health except: - Correct answeran increase in metabolism. A 59-year-old male has suffered a severe laceration from a circular saw while cutting wood in his garage. Upon your arrival, you find the patient sitting on the floor in a pool of blood. He is extremely pale. Based on your knowledge of pathophysiology, you would expect his body to try to compensate for the blood loss in all of the following ways, except: - Correct answerconstricted pupils. Digestive disorders can seriously impact nutrient transfer and: - Correct answerhydration levels. Your patient is an 86-year-old male with congestive heart failure. He called for help tonight because he cannot breathe and feels like he is "drowning in his own lungs." The patient has had several heart attacks in the past and he tells you his "heart is shot." What is not a likely reason the patient's cardiac output is diminished? - Correct answerChemoreceptors are signaling that he has high levels of carbon dioxide in his bloodstream. Which of the following statements provides reasons for the disruption of respiratory control? - Correct answerStroke, infection, brain trauma, toxins and drugs, and neurologic disorders can interrupt this control. In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse palpated? - Correct answerIn the crease between the abdomen and the groin The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following mechanisms? - Correct answerCoronary arteries that branch off the aorta What is the strongest and most muscular part of the heart? - Correct answerLeft ventricle You respond to a large concert venue where a number of spectators are reported to be severely intoxicated. You are directed to an area where several patients appear to be

unconscious, lying face down on the ground. The position of these patients is described as: - Correct answerprone. The EMT's obligation to provide care to a patient either as a formal or ethical responsibility is known as which of the following? - Correct answerDuty to act Which type of consent must be used by the EMT when seeking to treat a mentally competent adult? - Correct answerExpressed consent Your patient is a 10-year-old boy who suffered a possible fractured arm while rollerblading at a friend's house. Which of the following is the best way to obtain consent for treatment? - Correct answerCall the patient's mother at work. Which of the following should you not do when reaching for something? - Correct answerProlong the reach for as long as necessary. What is the main benefit of using a stair chair with a tracklike system over a traditional stair chair? - Correct answerA stair chair with a tracklike system prevents the patient from having to be lifted down stairs. Critical Incident Stress Debriefings (CISDs) - Correct answerare now less common than they once were. Your elderly male patient tells you his name is Joe Smith. Which of the following is the best way to address him? - Correct answerMr. Smith You have received the following order from medical control: "Administer one tablet of nitroglycerin under the patient's tongue." Which of the following is the best response? - Correct answer"Order received. One nitroglycerin tablet under the patient's tongue." You are treating a patient with a possible fractured ankle. The patient appears to be in a lot of pain and is uneasy. As you are getting ready to splint the patient's leg, he asks you if it is going to hurt. Which of the following is the best response? - Correct answer"I will do my best, but it may hurt while we put the splint on." You are treating a 32-year-old man who is deaf. You need to find out why he called for an ambulance. What is the best way to communicate with this patient? - Correct answerMake sure the patient can see your lips when you speak. You are responding to a nursing home for an 85-year-old patient complaining of difficulty breathing. How would you initiate contact with this patient? - Correct answerPlace yourself at eye level, identify yourself, and ask the patient for her name. You are en route to the hospital with a 22-year-old male patient who has suffered a very embarrassing injury to his genitalia. Which method of contacting the receiving facility will

afford the patient the most privacy? - Correct answerProviding the receiving hospital with all information via a cell phone While on the scene with an elderly chest pain call, you notice that your partner gets on one knee when talking to the seated patient. What is the best reason for an EMT to kneel down beside the patient?. - Correct answerThe EMT does not want to appear threatening or intimidating to the patient. Which of the following best describes a portable radio? - Correct answerA two-way radio that can be carried on a belt clip Which of the following statements regarding eye contact with a patient is not true? - Correct answerEye contact is always appropriate. Which of the following should be documented as subjective patient information? - Correct answerSymptoms Which of the following is not appropriate to document on your patient care report? - Correct answerPatient's attitude Which of the following is not an appropriate way of dealing with a patient who does not speak the same language as you do? - Correct answerAvoid communicating with the patient so there is no misunderstanding of your intentions. Which of the following is not appropriate for inclusion in the radio report to the receiving hospital? - Correct answerName of the patient's health insurance provider Which of the following should not be included in a patient care report? - Correct answerRadio codes During your radio report to the hospital, which of the following pieces of information should not be relayed? - Correct answerPatient's name In which of the following circumstances is a fully documented prehospital care report not necessary? - Correct answerMultiple patients come from an office building evacuation. Patient information includes all of the following except the: - Correct answertime the unit was notified of the call. When giving a radio report to the hospital, which of the following would be the first patient-specific information provided? - Correct answerThe patient is a 55-year-old male. Which of the following agencies assigns and licenses radio frequencies? - Correct answerFederal Communications Commission