EMT FINAL EXAM JBLEARNING 2024-2025. REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS., Exams of Health sciences

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EMT FINAL EXAM JBLEARNING 2024-2025.

REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

VERIFIED ANSWERS. GRADED A

A 19-year-old male is experiencing hallucinations and paranoia after abusing an unknown substance. His heart rate is 170 beats/min, he complains of a headache, and he is experiencing muscle twitching. Which of the following substances would MOST likely explain his presentation? A) Heroin B) Bath salts C) Ketamine D) Valium - ANSB A 23-year-old female with a history of bulimia is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood and complains of pain in her upper abdominal area. What should you suspect? A) Mallory-Weiss tear B) Esophageal varices C) Gastroesophageal reflux disease D) Lower gastrointestinal bleeding - ANSA

A 24-year-old female presents with a rash to her left leg and swollen, painful knee joints. She tells you that she and her friends returned from a hiking trip in the mountains a week ago. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 112/ mm Hg, a pulse of 84 beats/min, and respirations of 14 breaths/min. What should you suspect? A) Tetanus B) Lyme disease C) An allergic reaction D) Rocky Mountain spotted fever - ANSB A 29-year-old man presents with an acute onset of severe pain to the left upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert and states that he is very thirsty. The EMT should: A) keep him sitting up and give him small sips of water to drink. B) begin the assessment by palpating the left upper quadrant. C) assess his vital signs and prepare for immediate transport. D) position him supine and encourage him to straighten his legs. - ANSC

A 29-year-old man with abdominal pain tells the EMT that he has hemophilia A. This means that: A) his red blood cells break down rapidly. B) he will lose blood at a much faster rate. C) his risk for a pulmonary embolism is high. D) he will bleed for a longer period of time. - ANSD A 29-year-old pregnant female complains of a severe headache, blurred vision, and swelling of her hands and feet. Which of the following additional assessment findings would the EMT MOST likely encounter? A) Hypertension B) Hyperglycemia C) Abdominal pain D) Vaginal bleeding - ANSA A 3-year-old child has a sudden onset of respiratory distress. The mother denies any recent illnesses or fever. What should you suspect? A) Croup B) Epiglottitis C) Lower respiratory infection

D) Foreign body airway obstruction - ANSD A 30-year-old man sustained partial-thickness burns to the anterior chest and both anterior arms. Based on the Rule of Nines, what percentage of his body surface area has been burned? A) 9% B) 18% C) 27% D) 36% - ANSB A 30-year-old woman overdosed on pain pills and is unresponsive. She is breathing at a rate of 6 breaths/min with shallow depth. Left untreated, she will develop: A) hypocarbia and acidosis. B) hypercarbia and alkalosis. C) hypocarbia and alkalosis. D) hypercarbia and acidosis. - ANSD A 31-year-old man presents with uncontrolled twitching of his left arm that began shortly after he experienced an odd taste in his mouth. He denies loss of

consciousness and states that this has happened to him before. What should you suspect? A) Absence seizure B) Generalized seizure C) Simple partial seizure D) Complex partial seizure Feedback : Seizures are classified as being generalized or partial. Generalized seizures are further classified as being tonic-clonic (formerly called grand mal) or absence (formerly called petit mal) seizures. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures result from abnormal electrical discharges from large areas of the brain, usually involving both hemispheres. They are characterized by unconsciousness and generalized severe twitching of the body's muscles; they last several minutes or longer. Absence seizures are characterized by a brief lapse of consciousness in which the patient seems to st - ANSC A 32-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant complains of a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, which she describes as a tearing sensation, and vaginal bleeding. Her medical history includes hypertension and she admits to using cocaine. Which of the following should you suspect? A) The umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's neck

B) The placenta has implanted over the cervical opening C) Excessive fetal movement has torn the amniotic sac D) The placenta has detached from the wall of the uterus - ANSD A 40-year-old male with a history of depression and schizophrenia appears frightened and tells you that he sees snakes everywhere. You should: A) tell him that you do not see any snakes, but they are obviously scaring him. B) let him know that going to the hospital will keep him safe from the snakes. C) advise him that you suspect he has not been compliant with his medications. D) let him know that it is important for him to be transported as soon as possible.

• ANSA A 40-year-old man is conscious, but has an increased rate of breathing. You should: A) apply 100% oxygen via nonrebreathing mask. B) immediately insert a nasopharyngeal airway. C) assess the regularity and quality of breathing. D) ventilate him with a bag-mask device. - ANSC

A 42-year-old man has a large knife impaled in the center of his chest. He is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should: A) carefully remove the knife, control the bleeding, and begin CPR. B) carefully remove the knife, control the bleeding, and apply the AED. C) secure the knife in place with a bulky dressing and transport immediately. D) stabilize the knife with bulky dressings, begin CPR, and transport at once. - ANSA A 44-year-old male complains of dizziness and lightheadedness. His BP is 88/ mm Hg; his heart rate is 190 beats/min and weak; and his skin is cool, clammy, and pale. Which of the following would BEST explain why his BP is low? A) Widespread systemic vasoconstriction B) Decreased ventricular filling time C) Increased ventricular stroke volume D) Decreased myocardial oxygen demand - ANSB A 46-year-old man presents with generalized weakness and shortness of breath after he was bitten on the leg by a rattlesnake. His blood pressure is 106/58 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 112 beats/min. Treatment for this patient should include: A) elevation of the affected part and ice packs.

B) splinting and lowering of the affected part. C) ice packs to the wound and splinting. D) proximal arterial constricting band and splinting. - ANSB A 50-year-old man with a history of hypertension began experiencing chest pressure while mowing his lawn. After taking a baby aspirin and resting for approximately 10 minutes, the pressure in his chest completely resolved. Which of the following would BEST explain this? A) The patient's blood pressure increased after he ceased exertion, causing his chest pressure to resolve B) The cessation of exertion decreased the workload of the heart and blood flow around a coronary clot improved C) The aspirin dissolved a small clot in a coronary artery and reestablished blood flow to that part of the heart D) Blood flow to a part of the myocardium was restored because of constriction of a diseased coronary artery - ANSB A 57-year-old male presents with flu-like symptoms. He is conscious and alert; his skin is pink, warm, and dry; and he denies chest pain or respiratory distress. During your assessment, you cannot feel radial or carotid pulses, and are unable to obtain a blood pressure. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

A) He is in the advanced stages of shock B) He has a left ventricular assist device C) He has a dissecting aortic aneurysm D) He recently had a coronary artery bypass - ANSB A 58-year-old man is found unresponsive by his wife. According to his wife, he was complaining of a "dull ache" in his chest the day before, but refused to allow her to call 911. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 28 breaths/min and labored. Further assessment reveals that his skin is cool, pale, and clammy. You should suspect: A) cardiogenic shock. B) hypovolemic shock. C) acute septic shock. D) pulmonary embolism. - ANSA A 60-year-old male complains of a sudden tearing sensation in his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 148/88 mm Hg, a pulse of 120 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min. You should: A) auscultate over his epigastrium to assess for bowel sounds. B) vigorously palpate his abdomen to assess for a pulsating mass.

C) transport at once and be prepared to treat him for severe shock. D) perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment and prepare for transport. - ANSC A 60-year-old woman presents with chest discomfort, confusion, and weakness. The patient's husband tells you that she vomited once before EMS arrival. The patient's BP is 70/40 mm Hg, her pulse is 45 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 14 breaths/min and unlabored. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of her hypotension? A) Bradycardia B) Hypovolemia C) Myocardial ischemia D) Respiratory compromise - ANSA A 62-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease began experiencing chest pain and nausea while on his daily jog. After sitting down and resting for 5 minutes, his pain and nausea resolve. Which of the following BEST describes this patient's condition? A) Musculoskeletal chest pain B) Acute myocardial infarction C) Unstable angina pectoris

D) Stable angina pectoris - ANSD A 65-year-old woman complains of severe chest pain that radiates to her back, in between her shoulder blades. She tells you that this is the most severe pain that she has ever experienced, and that it has been intense since it began. Her past medical history includes hypertension. When you palpate her radial pulses, you note that they are unequal in strength. What should you suspect? A) Acute aortic dissection B) Unstable angina pectoris C) Acute hypertensive crisis D) Acute myocardial infarction - ANSA A 67-year-old woman presents with acute weakness and nausea. She is conscious and alert and her skin is cool and clammy. Her BP is 140/88 mm Hg, pulse is 70 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 16 breaths/min and unlabored. Her medical history includes hypertension and diabetes, and she advises that she has an implanted pacemaker. What should you suspect? A) Pacemaker malfunction B) Acute hypertensive crisis C) Infection with influenza

D) Acute myocardial infarction - ANSD A 69-year-old man complains of dyspnea that began two days ago and has gotten worse. Which of the following assessments would give you the MOST information regarding the possible cause of his dyspnea? A) Lung sounds B) Mental status C) Oxygen saturation D) Pulse rate and quality - ANSA A 7-year-old child has an altered mental status, high fever, and a generalized rash. You perform your assessment and administer supplemental oxygen. En route to the hospital, you should be MOST alert for: A) hypotension. B) convulsions. C) combativeness. D) respiratory distress. - ANSB A 72-year-old female complains of dyspnea that woke her from her sleep. Her feet and ankles are swollen, and auscultation of her lungs reveals crackles to both lung

bases. She has a history of hypertension, type II diabetes, and a heart attack 2 years ago. Her BP is 170/94 mm Hg, her pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored, and her oxygen saturation is 85% on room air. What should you suspect? A) Acute asthma attack B) Congestive heart failure C) Acute hypertensive crisis D) Emphysema exacerbation - ANSB A 73-year-old male presents with confusion; cool, pale, clammy skin; absent radial pulses; and a blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg. The patient's wife tells you that he has had abdominal pain for a week and began vomiting a coffee-ground substance yesterday. His past medical history includes hypertension and gastric ulcer disease. Your MOST immediate concern should be that: A) his blood glucose level is probably too high. B) he is bleeding from his gastrointestinal tract. C) he is in shock and requires prompt transport. D) his condition requires surgery within 2 hours. - ANSC

A 9-month-old infant presents with a cough, runny nose, and respiratory distress. A whoop sound is heard during inhalation. What should you suspect? A) Croup B) Pertussis C) Bronchiolitis D) Pneumonia - ANSB A high normal respiratory rate for an infant between 1 month and 1 year of age is: A) 30 breaths/min. B) 40 breaths/min. C) 60 breaths/min. D) 70 breaths/min. - ANSC A known diabetic female is found unresponsive. Her respirations are rapid and shallow; her skin is cool, clammy, and pale; and her pulse is rapid and weak. Which of the following would BEST explain the likely cause of her condition? A) Insulin overdose B) Excessive eating C) High blood sugar

D) Failure to take insulin - ANSA A man was stabbed in the lower right ribcage. He is diaphoretic; his pulse is rapid and weak; and his respirations are regular and unlabored at 24 breaths/min. Which of the following injuries should the EMT suspect? A) Liver laceration B) Ruptured diaphragm C) Massive hemothorax D) Tension pneumothorax - ANSA A man was stabbed in the right side of the chest, lateral to the nipple. He is tachypneic, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. His jugular veins are collapsed and breath sounds are difficult to hear on the right side. You should suspect a: A) hemothorax. B) ruptured spleen. C) liver laceration. D) pneumothorax. - ANSA

A middle-aged male was found unresponsive by his wife. When you arrive at the scene, you assess the patient and determine that he is apneic and pulseless. You should: A) immediately begin CPR, reassess for a carotid pulse after 60 seconds, and then apply the AED. B) immediately apply the AED, analyze his cardiac rhythm, deliver a shock if indicated, and begin CPR. C) begin CPR starting with chest compressions, apply the AED as soon as possible, and request backup. D) perform CPR with a compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2, apply the AED, and request backup. - ANSC A patient is unresponsive and has sonorous breathing. This indicates: A) vomitus in the airway. B) upper airway swelling. C) reduced tidal volume. D) anatomic obstruction. - ANSD

A patient overdosed on several drugs and is unresponsive with shallow breathing and facial cyanosis. As you continue your assessment, the patient suddenly vomits. You should: A) suction his oropharynx at once. B) turn the patient onto his side. C) insert an oropharyngeal airway. D) begin assisting his ventilations. - ANSB A patient presents with severe bradycardia, hypersalivation, vomiting, and excessive tearing. Which of the following agents would MOST likely cause his signs and symptoms? A) Soman B) Anthrax C) Chlorine D) Phosgene - ANSA A patient reports pain in the upper midabdominal area. This region of the abdomen is called the: A) peritoneum. B) epigastrium.

C) mediastinum. D) retroperitoneum. - ANSB A patient who overdosed on an opioid would be expected to present with: A) tachycardia. B) dilated pupils. C) bradypnea. D) hyperpnea. - ANSC A patient with a chest injury has a BP of 100/70 mm Hg and a heart rate of 100 beats/min. Reassessment reveals a BP of 90/74 mm Hg, a pulse of 120 beats/min, and the development of jugular venous distention. What should you suspect? A) Massive hemothorax B) Simple pneumothorax C) Pericardial tamponade D) Traumatic aortic rupture - ANSC A patient with multiple injuries presents with pallor, diaphoresis, a heart rate of 120 beats/min, and a BP of 112/64 mm Hg. The EMT should recognize that these signs are the result of:

A) the shunting of blood to the periphery of the body. B) increased parasympathetic nervous system activity. C) nervous system failure and decompensated shock. D) increased epinephrine and norepinephrine release. - ANSD A prolapsed umbilical cord is dangerous because the: A) cord might pull the placenta from the uterine wall during delivery. B) mother may die of hypoxia due to compromised placental blood flow. C) cord may be wrapped around the baby's neck, causing strangulation. D) baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen. - ANSD A scuba diver complains of shortness of breath and severe muscle and joint pain immediately after ascending from a dive. He is cyanotic and is coughing up bloody froth. What should you suspect? A) The bends B) Air embolism C) Decompression sickness D) Nitrogen bubbles in the blood - ANSB

A woman has a painful, deformed humerus after she fell. The injured arm is cool and pale, and a radial pulse cannot be palpated. The EMT should: A) allow her to stabilize the arm on her own and transport. B) splint the arm in the position found and transport at once. C) realign the arm to its normal anatomic position and splint it. D) apply gentle traction in order to reestablish distal circulation. - ANSD A woman is 30 weeks pregnant. During your assessment, she tells you that she delivered a stillborn baby at 38 weeks and currently has no living children. How should you document her obstetric history? A) Gravida 1; para 1 B) Gravida 2; para 1 C) Gravida 1; para 2 D) Gravida 2; para 2 - ANSD A young woman reports significant weight loss over the last month, persistent fever, and night sweats. When you assess her, you note the presence of dark purple lesions covering her trunk and upper extremities. You should suspect: A) HIV infection. B) tuberculosis.

C) rheumatic fever. D) end-stage cancer. - ANSA Active rewarming of a patient with moderate or severe hypothermia should be avoided in the field because: A) the risk of inadvertently inducing hyperthermia is too high. B) rewarming too quickly can cause a fatal cardiac dysrhythmia. C) it is painful for the patient and you cannot give analgesic drugs. D) active rewarming has been shown to cause severe hypertension. - ANSB All of the following would cause an increased level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood, EXCEPT: A) reduced tidal volume. B) deep, rapid breathing. C) short exhalation phase. D) slow, shallow breathing. - ANSB An 88-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode. She is now conscious, but complains of dizziness and generalized weakness, and her pulse is 170 beats/min

and irregular. The EMT should recognize that this patient's syncope was MOST likely caused by: A) an acute cardiac dysrhythmia. B) increased parasympathetic tone. C) widespread systemic vasodilation. D) decreased sympathetic tone. - ANSA An elderly woman complains of pain to her right groin area after she fell. Her right leg is shortened and externally rotated. Which of the following would be the MOST effective way of stabilizing her injury? A) Bind her legs together and position her on her left side B) Apply a long board splint and secure her to the stretcher C) Apply a traction splint and secure her to a long backboard D) Place her on a scoop stretcher and pad her hip with pillows - ANSD An elderly woman with COPD is semiconscious with labored breathing. Her face is cyanotic, her pulse is rapid and weak, and her oxygen saturation is 75%. You should: A) avoid high-flow oxygen because this may cause her to stop breathing. B) apply oxygen via nasal cannula and reassess her respiratory status.

C) insert a nasal airway and give her oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D) ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask device and high-flow oxygen. - ANSD An unresponsive man is found lying supine in his bed. Which of the following assessment findings would indicate that his gag reflex is depressed or absent? A) gurgling sound during breathing B) High-pitched inspiratory stridor C) Breathing that is slow and shallow D) Cyanosis to the face, neck, and chest - ANSA An unresponsive patient has an end-tidal carbon dioxide level of 70 mm Hg. From this, you should conclude that the patient is: A) hypercarbic and breathing adequately. B) hypocarbic and breathing adequately. C) hypercarbic and breathing inadequately. D) hypocarbic and breathing inadequately. - ANSC Aspirin is beneficial to patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome because it:

A) prevents a clot from getting larger. B) effectively relieves their chest pain. C) decreases cardiac workload by lowering the BP. D) destroys the clot that is blocking a coronary artery. - ANSA Assessment of a 40-year-old patient reveals respiratory distress, tachycardia, audible expiratory wheezing, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. The EMT should suspect: A) fluid in the lower airways. B) diffuse bronchoconstriction. C) swelling in the laryngeal area. D) infection of the lower airway. - ANSB Assessment of an injured man reveals that he opens his eyes when the EMT speaks to him and pulls his arm away when the EMT palpates it. He knows his name, but cannot remember what happened and does not know what day it is. He should be assigned a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of: A) 9 B) 10 C) 11

D) 12 - ANSC

Assessment of an older man with respiratory distress reveals that his chest has a barrel-shaped appearance and he is exhaling through pursed lips. What is the pathophysiology of these findings? A) Decreased tidal volume B) Increased residual volume C) Increased vital capacity D) Widespread bronchodilation - ANSB At the end of ventricular relaxation, the left ventricle contains 110 mL of blood. This is referred to as the: A) preload. B) afterload. C) stroke volume. D) cardiac output. - ANSA Because of the property of automaticity, cardiac muscle cells are able to: A) contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source.