EMT Final Exam: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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EMT FINAL EXAM VERSION 3 WITH COMPLETE

SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS ACTUAL TEST

National guidelines for EMS care are intended to __________.

• provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States
• unify EMS providers under a single medical director
• facilitate a national EMS labor group
• reduce expenses at the local and state levels - ANSWER - >Provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patient's privacy according to _____.
• HIPAA
• CQI
• APGAR
• DCAP - ANSWER - >HIPAA Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)?
• a system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick and injured patients

• a team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for providing emergency care to critically injured patients
• a vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide definitive emergency care in the prehospital setting
• a team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured - ANSWER -

A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured What is the EMT's primary service area?

• the main area in which the EMS agency operates
• the area serviced by the EMT's medical director
• the location where the EMT provides essential care during a 9- 1 - 1 call
• the only area the EMT is certified to provide patient care - ANSWER -

the main area in which the EMS agency operates Online medical control requires _____.

• written protocols approved by medical control
• a physicians presence on the scene of the call
• phone or radio contact with the medical director
• the presence of an advanced-level provider - ANSWER - >phone or radio contact with the medical director

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:

• medical director approval
• the patient's condition
• the transport time to the hospita
• an order from a paramedic - ANSWER - >medical director approval What should an EMT do to limit errors in the field?
• deviate from established standards when necessary
• follow the agency's written protocols
• carry an EMT text for reference at all times
• contact medical direction before initiating any treatments - ANSWER -

follow the agency's written protocols Which of the following courses requires about 150 hours of training?

• AEMT
• Paramedic
• EMT
• EMR - ANSWER - >EMT

The ability to understand others and have them understand you is known as __________.

• communication
• scene leadership
• self-confidence
• teamwork and diplomacy - ANSWER - >communication Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct?
• the NREMT is a governmental agency that certifies EMTs
• EMS training standards are regulated by the NREMT
• the NREMT is the exclusive body for EMTs
• the NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing - ANSWER -

the NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more

important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based MOSTLY on:

• regional trauma guidelines
• the lead EMT's decision
• local protocols
• EMS research - ANSWER - >EMS research

Which of the following is a specific example of the Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) model?

• paramedics pick up a patient from an acute care clinic
• EMTs respond to a woman who complains of high fever
• EMTs assess a patient whose lung disease is "acting up"
• the paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination - ANSWER - >the paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination Which of the following interventions is used by all levels if EMS providers?
• needle decompression
• automatic transport ventilators
• multilumen airways
• automated external defibrillator - ANSWER - >automated external defibrillator You are encouraging a patient to go to the hospital by ambulance. You know that a transport will keep you on duty several hours after your regular quitting time. This is an example of __________.
• undue hardship
• scope of practice

• patient advocacy
• abuse of authority - ANSWER - >patient advocacy The ability to handle multiple tasks based on their priority is called __________.
• time management
• patient empathy
• integrity
• patient advocacy - ANSWER - >time management Prehospital patient care decisions should be based on __________.
• the experiences of EMTs
• the opinions of physicians
• an EMS agency's fiscal resources
• EMS research - ANSWER - >EMS research You are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to _____.
• law enforcement personnel
• your medical director

• the state motor vehicle department
• the receiving nurse or doctor - ANSWER - >the receiving nurse or doctor The ability to take appropriate action with little direction is known as __________.
• time management
• self-motivation
• self-confidence
• diplomacy - ANSWER - >self-motivation Which of the following statements regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct?
• according to the ADA, EMT candidates with a documented disability are exempt from taking the NREMT exam
• the ADA applies only to individuals with a diagnosed and well- documented physical disability
• the minimum number of hours required to successfully complete an EMT course is less for candidates who are disabled
• the ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled - ANSWER - >the ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled

American Heart Association protocols are based on __________.

• opinions from a core group of cardiologists
• trends in the EMS community
• evidence-based research
• theories ready for field trial - ANSWER - >evidence-based research Which of the following agencies is the source of the EMT Agenda for the Future, the multidisciplinary national review of all aspects of EMS delivery?
• Federal Emergency Management Agency
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
• Department of Health and Human Services
• Department of Transportation - ANSWER - >National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?
• providing cervical spine immobilization
• administering vaccines
• teaching safety in schools
• legislating the use of seat belts - ANSWER - >providing cervical spine immobilization

Which of the following is the process in which a person, institution, or program is evaluated and recognized as meeting predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care?

• continuous quality improvement
• licensure
• certification
• medical control - ANSWER - >Certification At what level is an individual who has training in basic life support, including automated external defibrillation, use of a definitive airway adjunct, and assisting patients with certain medications?
• EMT
• Paramedic
• AEMT
• EMR - ANSWER - >EMT What is the primary feature of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
• it enables patients to travel without losing health insurance
• it limits the availability if a patient's health care information

• it prevents an emergency department from refusing to care for a critically ill patient
• it requires insurance companies to justify denying health care - ANSWER - >it limits the availability if a patient's health care information Which organization developed and published the first curriculum that served as the guideline for EMT training?
• Department of Transportation (DOT)
• National Academy of Sciences
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
• Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - ANSWER -

Department of Transportation (DOT) Which of the following entities controls the licensure of EMTs?

• the federal government
• the state in which the EMT practices
• community health organizations
• the medical director - ANSWER - >the state in which the EMT practices Which of the following statements about health care in the United States is true?
• health care in the United States is expensive but does not necessarily provide better health outcomes

• the United States has low health care costs as compared to other wealthy nations
• the average life expectancy in the United States is the highest in the world due to advances in health technologies
• the United States spends more money per capita on health care than most other countries, but the level of care is superior - ANSWER -

health care in the United States is expensive but does not necessarily provide better health outcomes Public heath examines the health needs of entire populations. In the United States, public health focuses on education and what else?

• surveillance
• prevention
• treatment
• evaluation - ANSWER - >prevention The reaponsibility of the medical director to ensure the appropriate medical care standards are met by EMTs on each call is called what?
• continuous quality improvement
• medical control
• primary prevention
• quality control - ANSWER - >quality control

You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should:

• maintain eye contact and tell her that there is no need for her to be scared
• reassure her that after proper treatment in the hospital, she will regain her speech in time
• tell her that you understand why she is scared and that everything will likely be okay
• acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her - ANSWER - >acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her Which of the following is an effective stress management strategy?
• frequently reflecting on troublesome calls
• modestly increasing caffeine consumption
• developing a social network outside of EMS
• requesting overtime to occupy your mind - ANSWER - >developing a social network outside of EMS Which of the following statements regarding the different stages of the grieving process is correct?

• the stages of the grieving process may occur similtaneously
• the grieving process typically begins with severe depression
• bargaining is the most unpleasant stage if the grieving process
• it is rare that people will jump back and forth between stages - ANSWER - >the stages of the grieving process may occur similtaneously Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via:
• inanimate objects
• smoke or dust
• direct contact
• animals or insects - ANSWER - >animals or insects Which of the following statements regarding HIV is correct?
• HIV is transmitted exclusively via blood
• HIV is far more contagious than hepatitis B
• HIV is easily transmittable in the EMS field
• there is no vaccine against HIV infection - ANSWER - >there is no vaccine against HIV infection When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should:

• spray the contaminated areas and then immediately wipe them dry with a towel
• allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions
• use a bleach and water solution at a 1:2 dilution ratio to thoroughly wipe all surfaces
• clean all surfaces and patient contact areas with a mixture of alcohol and water - ANSWER - >allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should:
• discontinue patient care and seek medical attention
• report the incident to your supervisor after the call
• immerse your wound in an alcohol-based solution
• get immunized against hepatitis as soon as possible - ANSWER - >report the incident to your supervisor after the call The simplest yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to:
• ensure that your immunizations are up-to-date
• undergo an annual physical examination
• wash your hands in between patient contacts

• undergo annual testing for tuberculosis and hepatitis - ANSWER -

wash your hands in between patient contacts At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should:

• remove the lines with a nonconductive object
• mark off a danger zone around the downed lines
• advise the patients to carefully get out of the car
• proceed with normal extrication procedures - ANSWER - >mark off a danger zone around the downed lines Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used:
• during routine cleaning of the ambulance
• when performing endotracheal intubation
• whenever you touch nonintact skin
• while handling needles or other straps - ANSWER - >when performing endotracheal intubation Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you:
• have been infected with hepatitis in the past
• received the hepatitis B vaccination

• are older than 35 years of age
• have a weak immune system - ANSWER - >have been infected with hepatitis in the past Which of the following would provide the EMT with the BEST cover in a situation involving active gunfire?
• stacked empty barrels
• a large cluster of shrubs
• a concrete barricade
• behind a car door - ANSWER - >a concrete barricade Quid pro quo, a type of sexual harassment, occurs when the harasser:
• requests sexual favors in exchange for something else
• touches another person without his or her consent
• stares at certain parts of another persons's anatomy
• makes rude remarks about a person's body parts - ANSWER - >requests sexual favors in exchange for something else Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction?
• a newly certified EMT becomes extremely nauseated and diaphoretic at the scene of an incident involving grotesque injuries

• an EMT with many years of field experience becomes irritable with her coworkers and experiences headaches and insomnia
• an EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed
• an EMT is emotionally exhausted and depressed after a school bus crash involving critical injuries and the death of several children - ANSWER - >an EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed The EMT's first priority is_____.
• personal safety
• treatment and transport
• rapid response
• empathy for all patients - ANSWER - >personal safety The MOST serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is:
• punitive action and the loss of a job
• low morale and frequently missed shifts
• tension among coworkers and supervisors

• substandard or inappropriate patient care - ANSWER - >substandard or inappropriate patient care General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases?
• delayed reaction, alarm response, and physical recovery
• immediate reaction, psychological exhaustion, and recovery
• reaction and resistance, euphoria, and physical exhaustion
• alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery - ANSWER -

alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you note that two small cars collided head-on, the occupants are still in their vehicles. The fire department is in the process of stabilizing the vehicles and law enforcement personnel are directing traffic. After parking the ambulance at a safe distance, you and your partner should:

• put on high-visibility safety vests
• quickly begin the triage process
• report to the incident commander
• assist with vehicle stabilization - ANSWER - >put on high-visibility safety vests Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

• fear of medical personnel
• history of chronic disease
• assessment by the EMT
• mental disorders - ANSWER - >assessment by the EMT While providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (EMT) several days later. What route of transmission does this scenario describe?
• direct contact
• indirect contact
• vector-borne transmission
• airborne transmission - ANSWER - >indirect contact Which of the following should you do when lifting something heavy?
• lift using the muscles of your lower back
• bend your legs, not your waist
• keep the weight at arms's length from your body
• wait for assistance - ANSWER - >bend your legs, not your waist

Which of the following involved the spread of infection by animals or insects that carry an organism from one person or place to another?

• bloodborne pathogens
• vector-borne transmission
• airborne transmission
• foodborne transmission - ANSWER - >vector-borne transmission Recently you started noticing that a coworker is disinterested in his work. He has started coming in late and has taken to sitting alone and not socializing with other members of the team. The job has been stressful lately. Call volume has increased and you rarely have any downtime between calls. What is your coworker most likely experiencing?
• delayed stress reaction
• posttraumatic stress disorder
• cumulatuve stress reaction
• acute stress reaction - ANSWER - >cumulatuve stress reaction What blocks the ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen to body tissues?
• smoke
• carbon monoxide

• carbon dioxide
• cyanide - ANSWER - >carbon monoxide While treating a patient with a high fever and cough, you accudentally expose yourself to illness. What should you do?
• do not report it but perform self-monitoring to be sure you are not infected
• report it to the hospital staff so they can isolate the patient
• ignore it. the risk of contamination is small
• report it to the infection control officer - ANSWER - >report it to the infection control officer What was the focus of Dr. Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's On Death and Dying?
• it gave specific guidelines on how to deliver hospice care to critically ill patients
• it became the standard for EMS providers when dealing with violent death
• it introduced the stages of grief - ANSWER - >it introduced the stages of grief What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome?
• an alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion
• acute stress, delayed stress, and cumulative stress

• discovering, defusing, and debriefing
• denial, bargaining, and acceptance - ANSWER - >an alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection that law enforcement agents use is called what?
• cover
• concealment
• infection control
• indirect contact - ANSWER - >cover You are responding to an accident scene involving an overturned semi truck carrying diesel fuel. Which reference source will be most helpful in this case?
• CDC standards for infection control
• ANSI safety standards
• OSHA guidelines
• DOT Emergency Response Guidebook - ANSWER - >DOT Emergency Response Guidebook What program, often available for EMS personnel, involves contracted agencies that provide a wide array of mental health, substance abuse, crisis management, and counseling services?

• a Voluntary Protection Program
• an employee assistance program
• an injury and illness prevention program
• a critical incident stress management program - ANSWER - >an employee assistance program Which type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital?
• implied
• expressed
• formal
• informed - ANSWER - >expressed You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do?
• withhold transport until the parents arrive and guve you consent for treatment
• transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital

• begin transport at once and have the parents meet you en route to the hospital
• treat the child at the scene and wait for the parents to arrive and give consent - ANSWER - >transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to:
• consistently exceed the standard of care
• exercise reasonable care and act prudently
• function above his or her scope of practice
• contact medical control on every EMS call - ANSWER - >exercise reasonable care and act prudently You respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious; has slow, shallow breathing; and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a DNR order for this patient, but they are unable to locate it. You should:
• begin treatment and contact medical control as needed
• transport the patient without providing any treatment
• honor the patient's wishes and withhold all treatment
• decide on further actiom once the DNR is produced - ANSWER - >begin treatment and contact medical control as needed

Where would you MOST likely find information regarding a patient's wishes to be an organ donor?

• driver's license
• social security card
• insurance card
• voter registration card - ANSWER - >driver's license Which aspect of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) MOST affects EMS personnel?
• ensuring access to insurance
• controlling insurance costs
• protecting patient privacy
• preventing insurance fraud - ANSWER - >protecting patient privacy In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information?
• a police officer requests a copy to place on file
• the patient is competent and signs a release form
• a media representative inquires about the patient