EMT FINAL EXAM TEST BANK 2024 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

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EMT FINAL EXAM TEST BANK 2024 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (PROFESSOR VERIFIED) | ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST EDITION (JUST RELEASED) Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process? - The blood vessels in and around the injury site constrict, which forces bacteria and other microorganisms away, thus preventing significant infection. - White blood cells are forced away from the injury site, thus allowing an increase in the flow of red blood cells, resulting in increased blood flow. - The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling. - The veins and arteries at the injury site constrict and platelets aggregate, which stops bleeding and causes a temporary increase in the size of the wound. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling. Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct? - Provided that a patient with a crush injury is freed from entrapment within 6 hours, the amount of tissue damaged is generally minimal. - With crush syndrome, massive blood vessel damage occurs following severe soft- tissue injuries, such as amputation of an extremity. - Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours. - Tissue damage that occurs in crush syndrome is severe, but kidney injury is unlikely because toxins are quickly eliminated from the body. ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- --Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours. You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should: - assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed. - remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one. - carefully manipulate her arm until the symptoms subside. - remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one. ------CORRECT ANSWER-- -----------assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed. What is a hematoma? - A rupture of the eye - A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissue - A collection of blood within the tissues - A flap of skin that is separated from the underlying muscle and fascia ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- A collection of blood within the tissues Which of the following fractures is associated with bruising around the ears and blood coming from the nose? - Maxilla fracture - Basilar skull fracture - Orbit fracture - Mandibular fracture ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Basilar skull fracture - Give oxygen via a nasal cannula at 4 L/min. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Insert an oropharyngeal airway. Which area of the body are you palpating if you feel subcutaneous emphysema? - Abdomen - Spine - Chest - Neck ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Neck The upper jawbones are called the: - maxillae - mandible - zygoma - mastoid ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------maxillae A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is: - careful monitoring her vital signs. - quickly immobilizing her spinal column. - rapidly transporting her to the hospital. - requesting a paramedic ambulance. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------rapidly transporting her to the hospital. When performing a full body scan, you should assess for ________. - DCAP-BTLS - OPQRST - AVPU - SAMPLE ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------DCAP-BTLS You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he: - is allergic to any medications. - regularly sees a family physician. - has a history of eye surgeries. - noticed the change during a meal. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------has a history of eye surgeries. A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should: - use tweezers to try to remove the object. - thoroughly flush her ear with sterile saline. - remove the peanut with a cotton-tipped swab. - transport her to the emergency department. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- transport her to the emergency department. Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct? - They are usually severe and require aggressive treatment to control. - They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly. - They are usually caused by a fracture of the basilar skull. - They cause blood to drain into the posterior pharynx. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ----They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly. When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT's immediate priority should be to: - consider the mechanism of injury. - manually stabilize the patient's head. - wear gloves and facial protection. - closely assess the patient's airway. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------wear gloves and facial protection. When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because: - it saves time on repeat assessments at the hospital. - they may need to call a specialist to see the patient. - they must make arrangements for an ICU bed. - most patients with facial trauma will need surgery. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- they may need to call a specialist to see the patient. Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct? - It is a clear, watery fluid that is located in front of the lens and can be replaced if it is lost. - It is a clear fluid that is produced by the lacrimal glands and cannot be replaced if it is lost. - It is a clear, watery fluid surrounding the eye and can be replaced if it is lost. - It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost. -- ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost. -provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States -unify EMS providers under a single medical director -facilitate a national EMS labor group -reduce expenses at the local and state levels ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- Provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patient's privacy according to _____. -HIPAA -CQI -APGAR -DCAP ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------HIPAA Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)? -a system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick and injured patients -a team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for providing emergency care to critically injured patients -a vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide definitive emergency care in the prehospital setting -a team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured What is the EMT's primary service area? -the main area in which the EMS agency operates -the area serviced by the EMT's medical director -the location where the EMT provides essential care during a 9-1-1 call -the only area the EMT is certified to provide patient care ------CORRECT ANSWER----- --------the main area in which the EMS agency operates Online medical control requires _____. -written protocols approved by medical control -a physicians presence on the scene of the call -phone or radio contact with the medical director -the presence of an advanced-level provider ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------phone or radio contact with the medical director As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on: -medical director approval -the patient's condition -the transport time to the hospita -an order from a paramedic ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------medical director approval What should an EMT do to limit errors in the field? -deviate from established standards when necessary -follow the agency's written protocols -carry an EMT text for reference at all times -contact medical direction before initiating any treatments ------CORRECT ANSWER----- --------follow the agency's written protocols Which of the following courses requires about 150 hours of training? -AEMT -Paramedic -EMT -EMR ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------EMT The ability to understand others and have them understand you is known as __________. -communication -scene leadership -self-confidence -teamwork and diplomacy ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------communication Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct? -the NREMT is a governmental agency that certifies EMTs -EMS training standards are regulated by the NREMT -the NREMT is the exclusive body for EMTs -the NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing ------CORRECT ANSWER---- ---------the NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based MOSTLY on: -time management -self-motivation -self-confidence -diplomacy ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------self-motivation Which of the following statements regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct? -according to the ADA, EMT candidates with a documented disability are exempt from taking the NREMT exam -the ADA applies only to individuals with a diagnosed and well-documented physical disability -the minimum number of hours required to successfully complete an EMT course is less for candidates who are disabled -the ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------the ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled American Heart Association protocols are based on __________. -opinions from a core group of cardiologists -trends in the EMS community -evidence-based research -theories ready for field trial ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------evidence-based research Which of the following agencies is the source of the EMT Agenda for the Future, the multidisciplinary national review of all aspects of EMS delivery? -Federal Emergency Management Agency -National Highway Traffic Safety Administration -Department of Health and Human Services -Department of Transportation ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention? -providing cervical spine immobilization -administering vaccines -teaching safety in schools -legislating the use of seat belts ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------providing cervical spine immobilization Which of the following is the process in which a person, institution, or program is evaluated and recognized as meeting predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care? -continuous quality improvement -licensure -certification -medical control ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Certification At what level is an individual who has training in basic life support, including automated external defibrillation, use of a definitive airway adjunct, and assisting patients with certain medications? -EMT -Paramedic -AEMT -EMR ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------EMT What is the primary feature of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? -it enables patients to travel without losing health insurance -it limits the availability if a patient's health care information -it prevents an emergency department from refusing to care for a critically ill patient -it requires insurance companies to justify denying health care ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------it limits the availability if a patient's health care information Which organization developed and published the first curriculum that served as the guideline for EMT training? -Department of Transportation (DOT) -National Academy of Sciences -Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) -Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- --Department of Transportation (DOT) Which of the following entities controls the licensure of EMTs? -the federal government -the state in which the EMT practices -community health organizations -the medical director ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------the state in which the EMT practices Which of the following statements about health care in the United States is true? -direct contact -animals or insects ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------animals or insects Which of the following statements regarding HIV is correct? -HIV is transmitted exclusively via blood -HIV is far more contagious than hepatitis B -HIV is easily transmittable in the EMS field -there is no vaccine against HIV infection ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------there is no vaccine against HIV infection When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should: -spray the contaminated areas and then immediately wipe them dry with a towel -allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions -use a bleach and water solution at a 1:2 dilution ratio to thoroughly wipe all surfaces -clean all surfaces and patient contact areas with a mixture of alcohol and water ------ CORRECT ANSWER-------------allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should: -discontinue patient care and seek medical attention -report the incident to your supervisor after the call -immerse your wound in an alcohol-based solution -get immunized against hepatitis as soon as possible ------CORRECT ANSWER----------- --report the incident to your supervisor after the call The simplest yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to: -ensure that your immunizations are up-to-date -undergo an annual physical examination -wash your hands in between patient contacts -undergo annual testing for tuberculosis and hepatitis ------CORRECT ANSWER---------- ---wash your hands in between patient contacts At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should: -remove the lines with a nonconductive object -mark off a danger zone around the downed lines -advise the patients to carefully get out of the car -proceed with normal extrication procedures ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------mark off a danger zone around the downed lines Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used: -during routine cleaning of the ambulance -when performing endotracheal intubation -whenever you touch nonintact skin -while handling needles or other straps ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------when performing endotracheal intubation Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you: -have been infected with hepatitis in the past -received the hepatitis B vaccination -are older than 35 years of age -have a weak immune system ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------have been infected with hepatitis in the past Which of the following would provide the EMT with the BEST cover in a situation involving active gunfire? -stacked empty barrels -a large cluster of shrubs -a concrete barricade -behind a car door ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------a concrete barricade Quid pro quo, a type of sexual harassment, occurs when the harasser: -requests sexual favors in exchange for something else -touches another person without his or her consent -stares at certain parts of another persons's anatomy -makes rude remarks about a person's body parts ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- requests sexual favors in exchange for something else Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction? -a newly certified EMT becomes extremely nauseated and diaphoretic at the scene of an incident involving grotesque injuries -an EMT with many years of field experience becomes irritable with her coworkers and experiences headaches and insomnia -an EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed -lift using the muscles of your lower back -bend your legs, not your waist -keep the weight at arms's length from your body -wait for assistance ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------bend your legs, not your waist Which of the following involved the spread of infection by animals or insects that carry an organism from one person or place to another? -bloodborne pathogens -vector-borne transmission -airborne transmission -foodborne transmission ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------vector-borne transmission Recently you started noticing that a coworker is disinterested in his work. He has started coming in late and has taken to sitting alone and not socializing with other members of the team. The job has been stressful lately. Call volume has increased and you rarely have any downtime between calls. What is your coworker most likely experiencing? -delayed stress reaction -posttraumatic stress disorder -cumulatuve stress reaction -acute stress reaction ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------cumulatuve stress reaction What blocks the ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen to body tissues? -smoke -carbon monoxide -carbon dioxide -cyanide ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------carbon monoxide While treating a patient with a high fever and cough, you accudentally expose yourself to illness. What should you do? -do not report it but perform self-monitoring to be sure you are not infected -report it to the hospital staff so they can isolate the patient -ignore it. the risk of contamination is small -report it to the infection control officer ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------report it to the infection control officer What was the focus of Dr. Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's On Death and Dying? -it gave specific guidelines on how to deliver hospice care to critically ill patients -it became the standard for EMS providers when dealing with violent death -it introduced the stages of grief ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------it introduced the stages of grief What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome? -an alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion -acute stress, delayed stress, and cumulative stress -discovering, defusing, and debriefing -denial, bargaining, and acceptance ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------an alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection that law enforcement agents use is called what? -cover -concealment -infection control -indirect contact ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------cover You are responding to an accident scene involving an overturned semi truck carrying diesel fuel. Which reference source will be most helpful in this case? -CDC standards for infection control -ANSI safety standards -OSHA guidelines -DOT Emergency Response Guidebook ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------DOT Emergency Response Guidebook What program, often available for EMS personnel, involves contracted agencies that provide a wide array of mental health, substance abuse, crisis management, and counseling services? -a Voluntary Protection Program -an employee assistance program -an injury and illness prevention program -a critical incident stress management program ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------an employee assistance program Which type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital? -implied -expressed -formal During your monthly internal quality improvement (QI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCRs) with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you: -are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand -violated the patient's privacy because you should have discussed the information only with the EMTs involved -adequately safeguarded the patient's PHI because the cases were discussed internally -acted appropriately but must have each EMT sign a waiver stating that he or she will not discuss the case with others ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand When is forcible restraint permitted? -when the patient poses a significant threat to self or others -only if law enforcement personnel have witnessed threatening behavior -only if consent to restrain is given by a family member -anytime that the EMT feels threatened ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------when the patient poses a significant threat to self or others Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include: -quickly moving any weapons out of the patient's sight -placing the patient in a private area until the police arrive -making brief notes at the scene and then completing them later -not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons To help protect patients, EMS agencies are required to have __________. -public forums with their medical director -an anonymous reporting system -a privacy officer to answer questions -online access to patient records ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------a privacy officer to answer questions You are called to attend to an elderly patient with an extensive medical history who is now in cardiac arrest. The patient's family tells you that the patient has a DNR order. There is no paperwork available but the patient does have a MedicAlert bracelet indicating Do Not Resuscitate. You should: -initiate resuscitation in the absence of paperwork -confirm the patient's identity and honor the DNR order -confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet -transport with minimal care ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet Which of the following statements about the patient care report is correct? -patient care cannot be discredited based on poor documentation -it is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report -EMTs are not liable for any actions that are accurately documented -incomplete reports are common and accepted in EMs ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ----it is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist? -a call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change -a bystander encourages a victim who is not breathing -the EMT witnesses a vehicle crash while off duty -the EMT hears of a cardiac arrest after his or her shift ends ------CORRECT ANSWER- ------------a call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence? -duty to act, abandonment, breach of duty, and causation -abandonment, breach of duty, damages, and causation -duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation -breach of duty, injury/damages, adandonment, and causation ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation An an EMT, the standards of emergency care are often partially based on: -a consensus among paramedic supervisors -the wishes of the general public -locally accepted protocols -the priorities of the medical director ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------locally accepted protocols Which of the following general statements regarding consent is correct? -expressed consent is valid only if given in writing by a family member -a patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated -all patients older than 18 years can legally refuse treatment or transport -ask him to sign a refusal form, releasing you from liability -get the police involved -order him to go to the hospital against his wishes -encourage him to call 9-1-1 again if his condition worsens ------CORRECT ANSWER--- ----------encourage him to call 9-1-1 again if his condition worsens The right of a patient to make decisions concerning his or her health is called what? -decision-making capacity -competence -implied consent -patient autonomy ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------patient autonomy An obvious sign of death caused by discoloration of the body from pooling of the blood to the lower parts of the body is called what? -a presumptive sign -dependent lividity -rigor mortis -putrefaction ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------dependent lividity You belong to a small volunteer EMS company and are treating a patient with chest pain, and you feel that the administration of aspirin is indicated. You ask the patient if he is allergic to aspirin and he says no. Shortly after you administer the aspirin, the patient develops signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. Later in the hospital, the doctor advises you that the patient's medical history indicates that the patient has an allergy to aspirin. The patient later sues you. Which of the following is your best defense strategy? -statute of limitations -govenmental immunity -contributory negligence -gross negligence ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------contributory negligence Which of the following describes a code of conduct that can be defined by society, religion, or a person, affecting character and conscience? -morality -ethics -applied ethics -bioethics ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------morality Which of the following gives surrogates the right to make decisions for patients regarding their health care in the event that the patient is incapacitated and unable to make such decisions? -advance directive -emergency doctrine -durable power of attorney for health care -do not resuscitate (DNR) order ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------durable power of attorney for health care You have responded to a vehicle accident call. Initially, the male patient allows you to splint his broken arm and complete a primary assessment. However, he rescinds comsent during transport and demands to be let out of the ambulance. If you refuse, which of the following might you be charged with? -battery -assault -false imprisonment -kidnapping ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------false imprisonment Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct? -documentation of proposed care is unnecessary if the patient refuses treatment -a patient who comsumed a few beers will likely be able to refuse EMS treatment -advuce given to a patient who refuses EMS treatment should not be documented -a mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport ------ CORRECT ANSWER-------------a mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport Which of the following is NOT a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)? -maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance -licensing base stations and assigning approriate radio call signs -monitoring all radio traffic and conducting field spot checks -allocating specific radio frequencies for use by EMS providers ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance Effective therapeutic communication skills require _________. -verbal and nonverbal communication techniques -supervision by advanced life support personnel -English-speaking patients or family members -correct use of complex medical terminology ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance -coordinating responding EMS units with other public safety personnel -discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest. Because of the remote geographic location, you are unable to contact medical control. What should you do? -ask the husband if he wants to continue resuscitation -make continuous attempts to contact medical control -follow locally established protocols or standing orders -perform CPR only and initiate immediate transport ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- follow locally established protocols or standing orders During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should: -ask him if he frequently experiences severe headaches and nausea -allow him time to think about the question and respond to it -tell him that you cannot help him unless he answers your questions -repeat your question because he probably did not hear you ------CORRECT ANSWER- ------------allow him time to think about the question and respond to it Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities? -gunshot wounds -animal bites -cardiac arrest -spousal abuse ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------cardiac arrest After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care interventiom, you should: -perform the intervention as ordered -confirm the order in your own words -repeat the order to medical control word for word -ask the physician to repeat the order ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------repeat the order to medical control word for word Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is correct? -it is a frequency that is used exclusively by EMTs to communicate with one another in the field -it is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users -it is a designed frequency on a portable radio that provides direct access to medical control -it is a constantly open line of communication that is under exclusive control of a single user ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------it is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should: -reassure the child's mother that seizures in children are very common and that there is nothing to worry about -give the child a favorite toy or blanket to hold onto and perform your assessment to the best of your ability -attempt to calm the child's mother, but avoid separating her from the child because this will increase her anxiety -ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother You are transporting a 54-year-old male in respiratory arrest. An EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner are caring for the patient. Which of the following is the MOST logical way of notifying the hospital? -call the receiving hospital with your cel phone while providing patient care -wait until you arrive at the hospital and then quickly apprise the staff of the situation -have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital -request that a police officer respond to the hospital to apprise the staff of your arrival --- ---CORRECT ANSWER-------------have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation. -libel -negligence -assault -slander ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------slander You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these marks represent coining—a traditional Asain healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should: -advise the child's parents that this is a harmful practice and is considered a form of child abuse in the United States -cultural imposition ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------ethnicentrism Encouraging this patient to provide more information about his injury is an example of which therapeutic communication technique? -clarification -facilitation -reflection -interpretation ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------facilitation Which of the following is included in the narrative section in a PCR? -time the EMS unit was notified -supportable personal opinions -refusal of care -patient name and address ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------refusal of care If you discover an error as you are writing your PCR, what should you do? -erase the erroneous information and insert the correct information -tell your supervisor about the error -cover the error with correction fluid and initial it -draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct information next to it ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct information next to it What type of mode does an interoperable communications system use? -voice-over-Internet-protocol -duplex -simplex -trunking ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------voice-over-Internet-protocol What should you do if a patient refuses treatment or transport? -immediately stop patient care -contact medical control -find another person to continue medical care -ask law enforcement to take him into custody ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- contact medical control Which of the following suffixes mean "two"? -"bi-" and "null-" -"dipl-" and "bi-" -"primi-" and "dipl-" -"primi-" and "bi-" ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------"dipl-" and "bi-" The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is: -medial -midaxillary -midclavicular -lateral ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------medial The term "pericardiocentesis" means: -the removal of fluid from around the heart - a surgical opening made in the heart -narrowing of the arteries supplying the heart -surgical repair of the sac around the heart ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------the removal of fluid from around the heart You are transporting a 67-year-old female patient to the hospital for investigation of abdominal pain. The patient care record indicates that the patient has a history of AAA. Based on this information, the patient care record includes an abbreviation for: -abdominal aortic aneurysm. -acute abdominal assessment. -acute abdominal aneurysm . -against ambulance advice. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------abdominal aortic aneurysm After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called: -hematemesis. -hemolysis. -hemiplegia. -hemostasis. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------hemostasis Which of the following suffixes mean "pertaining to"? - "-ic" and "-ology" - "-al" and "-ic" - "-al" and "-ology" - "-ology" and "-oma" ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------"-al" and "-ic" - NA - amb - AK - NKA ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------NKA What is the medical term for coughing up blood? - hematemesis - hematuria - hemogastritis - hemoptysis ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------hemoptysis What should you do when trying to define the term dysuria? - begin with the prefix and work forward - begin with the root word, move to the suffix, then to the prefix - begin with the suffix, move the the prefix, then to the root word - begin with the suffix and work backward ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------begin with the suffix, move the the prefix, then to the root word In general, which of the following does a prefix describe? - location and intensity - condition - movement - anatomic position ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------location and intensity What is adduction? - a directional term describing something farther from the trunk - something closer to or on the skin - motion of a limb toward the midline - motion of a limb away from the midline ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------motion of a limb toward the midline What does asthenia mean? - pain - weakness - paralysis - vomiting ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------weakness Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because: - high levels of oxygen remain in the cells and can cause significant damage. - waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells. - carbon dioxide and other waste can enter the cells, but oxygen cannot. - available blood is shunted off to another venule while still carrying oxygen. ------ CORRECT ANSWER-------------waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells What is the function of platelets? - Transport of oxygen and nutrients - Transport of cellular waste materials - Defense against invading organisms - Initial formation of a blood clot ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Initial formation of a blood clot Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing? - Hypothalamus - Cerebrum - Cerebellum - Brain stem ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------cerebellum Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? - Sensory reception - Metabolic coordination - Pressure and pain perception - Temperature regulation ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------metabolic coordination Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the: - urethra. - ureters. - renal duct. - prostate ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------ureters Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the: - glucose and lactic acid. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------carbon dioxide and water The most superior section of the sternum is called the: - angle of Louis. - costal arch. - manubrium. - xiphoid process. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------manubrium Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when: - the cells function without oxygen. - carbon dioxide levels in the blood are high. - the cells function with adequate oxygen. - circulating blood glucose levels fall. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------the cells function with adequate oxygen. At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed: - 100 beats/min. - 90 beats/min. - 70 beats/min. - 80 beats/min. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------100 beats/min Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in: - a strong pulse. - a slower heart rate. - tachycardia. - vasoconstriction. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------a slower heart rate The vocal cords are located in the: - oropharynx. - nasopharynx. - larynx. - pharynx. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------larynx Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular: - assessment. - protocol. - disease. - medication. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------disease The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: - vertebral foramen. - foramen ovale. - foramen magnum. - spinous foramen. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------foramen magnum The distal aspect of the tibia forms the: - lateral condyle. - Achilles tendon. - lateral malleolus. - medial malleolus. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------medial malleolus What is the function of the fallopian tubes? - To connect the ovaries - To transport a mature egg to the uterus - To supply blood to the uterine lining - To produce progesterone and estrogen ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------To transport a mature egg to the uterus Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? - Skeletal - Reproductive - Endocrine - Nervous ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------endocrine The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen. - costovertebral angle - costal arch - mediastinum - radial - femoral - brachial - carotid ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------carotid Which of the following substances is the main element that the bone cells use to create a hard and resilient structure? - magnesium - sodium - potassium - calcium ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------calcium What is the proper name for the cheekbone? - maxilla - mandible - zygoma - sphenoid ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------zygoma The elbow is an example of what type of joint? - immovable - ball-and-socket -hinge - saddle ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------hinge What structure of the brain is responsible for the level of consciousness and maintenance of vital signs? - brain stem - frontal lobe - occipital lobe - limbic system ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------brain stem Your patient's initial pulse rate was 89 beats/min and now it is 116 beats/min. What part of the nervous system is responsible for this increase? - Somatic - Sympathetic - Parasympathetic -Cerebellum ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------sympathetic What type of muscle is involved when you hear your stomach growling? - voluntary muscle - skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - cardiac muscle ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------smooth muscle What do you call the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath? - minute volume - tidal volume - inspiratory reserve volume - residual volume ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------tidal volume You are treating a patient who has lost a significant amount of blood. Which type of shock is this patient most likely to experience? - septic -hypovolemic - cardiogenic - anaphylactic ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------hypovolemic At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? - 6 to 8 months - 24 to 36 months - 18 to 24 months - 10 to 18 months ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------10 to 18 months The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to: - atherosclerosis. - hypotension. - medication use. - kidney failure. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------atherosclerosis - When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward. - When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch. - The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. - An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she: - will readily allow you to separate her from her mother. - responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. - is unable to track your movements with her eyes. - has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration. ------CORRECT ANSWER--- ----------responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. Age-related changes in the renal system result in: - a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body. - the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. - a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. - dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. Atherosclerosis is defined as ________. - dilation of the arteries - the blockage of a coronary artery - constriction of the blood vessels - the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------the blockage of a coronary artery Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? - Increased weight - Overall health - Medical conditions - Medications ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Increased weight Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age? - Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production - Decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels - Increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production - Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: - inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. - avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. - obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents. - recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. According to the terminal drop hypothesis: - a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years. - most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death. - most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one. - mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between: - 70 and 140 mm Hg. - 80 and 120 mm Hg. - 90 and 140 mm Hg. - 60 and 120 mm Hg. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------90 and 140 mm Hg. The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: - blood vessel dilation. - a decrease in neurons. - shrinkage of the brain. - meningeal deterioration. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------shrinkage of the brain. - Vision deficit - Unequal pupils - Slower pupillary reaction - Fixed, dilated pupils ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Slower pupillary reaction Which of the following affects vital signs the most in older adults? - Patient's cardiovascular system -Overall health of the patient - Patient's cardiovascular system - Patient's diet ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Overall health of the patient Which life stage is apt to be characterized by antisocial behavior and peer pressure? - Toddler - Adolescent - Early adult - Middle adult ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Adolescent Changes in which of the following body systems can result in the most debilitating of age-related illnesses? - Sensory - Nervous - Endocrine - Renal ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Nervous You are called to a scene where a 40-year-old man was clearing trees in a remote area and was struck by a falling tree. When you arrive, he is conscious but the tree is laying across his lower legs. How should you remove the victim once the tree is removed? - power lift - extremity lift - direct lift - clothes drag ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Direct lift When lifting the patient, it is imperative to use which proper body mechanics? - extend your arms out as far as possible - bend as far forward at the hips as possible - keep your feet close together - hold your back in an upright position ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Hold your back in an upright position When lifting a backboard, you should use which of the following? -power lift - lateral lift - diamond lift - dead lift ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Diamond carry The scoop stretcher is also known as what? -basket litter - orthopedic stretcher - flexible litter - ambulance stretcher ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Orthopedic stretcher To avoid the strain of unnecessary lifting and carrying, which of the following should you use when moving a patient from the ground onto a stretcher? - direct carry - stair chair - draw sheet method - extremity lift ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Draw sheet method You are dispatched to a house where an 80-year-old woman has fallen in an upstairs bathroom and hit her head on the sink. When you arrive she is unconscious. Which is the best equipment to use to move her to the ambulance? - stokes litter - stretcher - backboard - stair chair ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Backboard When carrying a patient down a flight of stairs on a backboard, which person should be at the head end of the backboard? - Tina, who is 5'4" and is the most flexible of the team - Jerry, who is 6'2" and strong - Tom, who is 5'10" and has average upper body strength and superior lower body strength - Doug, who is 5'8" and a weightlifter ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Doug, who is 5'8" and a weightlifter - slightly lifting the stretcher to prevent unnecessary patient movement. - pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot. - retracting the undercarriage and carrying the stretcher to the ambulance. - pushing the foot of the stretcher while your partner guides the head. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot. The extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient: - with a deformed humerus. - without a spinal injury. - who complains of nausea. - with forearm lacerations. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------with a deformed humerus. In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient? - A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain - A pedestrian with back pain after being struck by a car - A patient who complains of hip pain following a fall - An unconscious patient with a possible ischemic stroke ------CORRECT ANSWER------ -------A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain You are attending to a 34-year-old male patient who requires transport to the hospital for assessment of his chronic back pain. The patient weighs over 750 pounds. Your bariatric stretcher has a wider surface area to allow for: - increased lifting capacity and patient weight load. - increased stability and leverage when lifting with more than two providers. - increased patient comfort and dignity. - better stability when moving the patient on uneven ground. ------CORRECT ANSWER- ------------increased patient comfort and dignity. You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transport, you should place her: - in the Fowler position. - supine with her legs elevated. - in a position of comfort. - on her left side ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------on her left side Which is the MOST appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to a wheeled stretcher? - Log roll - Extremity carry - Draw sheet method - Direct carry ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Draw sheet method When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ________ in front of your torso. - 5 to 10 inches - 20 to 30 inches - 10 to 15 inches - 15 to 20 inches ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------15 to 20 inches The direct carry is used to transfer a patient: - from a bed to the ambulance stretcher. - who cannot be placed on a backboard. - with a possible cervical spine injury. - with multiple long bone injuries. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------from a bed to the ambulance stretcher. The _________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle. - ischium - thorax - coccyx - sacrum ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------sacrum When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid: - using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible. B. flexing your body at the knees. C. the use of a long backboard or scoop stretcher. D. the use of more than two EMTs. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible. Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should: - slide a long backboard under his buttocks and lay him sideways on the board. - apply a vest-style extrication device before attempting to move the patient. - ABC's - scene safety ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------scene safety You respond to a home where a 25-year-old woman is lying in bed. She is semiconscious but opens her eyes when you speak to her, and is lethargic. How do you rate her on the AVPU scale? - awake and alert - responsive to pain - unresponsive - responsive to verbal stimuli ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- responsive to verbal stimuli Which of the following terms would be used to describe the patient's pulse rate of 140 beats/min? - tachycardia - dyspnea - bradycardia - tachypnea ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------tachycardia What is a pertinent negative? - A negative finding that requires advanced life support - A negative finding that implies another condition may be present - A negative finding that requires further care and/or intervention - A negative finding that requires no further care or intervention ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------A negative finding that requires no further care or intervention What is the purpose of the primary assessment? - To perform a systematic physical examination - To identify and treat changes in a patient's condition - To identify and begin to treat immediate life threats - To evaluate the conditions in which you are operating ------CORRECT ANSWER-------- -----To identify and begin to treat immediate life threats At what point in the patient assessment process do you investigate the chief complaint? - History taking - Reassessment - Secondary assessment - Primary assessment ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------History taking When treating a 6-year-old, you note a brassy crowing sound, especially when she breathes in. What is this? - Crackle - Snoring - Wheezing - Stridor ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Stridor In what phase of patient assessment do you determine MOI/NOI? - Primary assessment - History taking - Secondary assessment - Scene size-up ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Scene size-up What is the primary purpose of standard precautions? - Determining communication standards - Infection prevention - Ensuring scene safety - Streamlining incident command ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Infection prevention Which of the following devices would you use to measure a patient's ventilation, circulation, and metabolism? - Pulse oximetry - Capnography - Blood glucometry - Sphygmomanometer ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Capnography A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is: - 12 - 14 - 13 - 10 ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------13 - A 44-year-old male with abdominal pain and severe dizziness - A 49-year-old female with blurred vision and ringing in the ears - A 55-year-old male with a severe headache and 2 days of nausea - A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs? - Looking for the presence of accessory muscle use - Applying a pulse oximeter and monitoring the SpO2 - Evaluating the patient's chest for cyanosis - Auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- Auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history? - "Have you ever had any major surgeries?" - "How long have you had your chest pain?" - "How much Tylenol do you take each day?" - "When was the last time you ate a meal?" ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------"How much Tylenol do you take each day?" When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should: - approach him from behind and ask him not to move. - assess his mental status by having him move his head. - stand behind him and immediately stabilize his head. - ensure that the patient can see you approaching him. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------- -----ensure that the patient can see you approaching him. Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after: - a physician arrives at the scene. - the number of patients is known. - all the patients have been triaged. - area hospitals have been notified. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------all the patients have been triaged. Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up? - Asking a neighbor to secure the patient's dog - Notifying the dispatcher to send fire personnel - Noting the position of a crashed motor vehicle - Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear: - flushed - ashen - pink - cyanotic ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------ashen What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint and any medical problems he or she may have? - Primary assessment - History taking - General impression - Secondary assessment ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------History taking During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions: - after it has been determined that the patient is bleeding. - before you load the patient into the ambulance. - before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact. - immediately after completion of your primary assessment. ------CORRECT ANSWER-- -----------before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact. A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious. He is screaming in pain and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should: - administer 100% supplemental oxygen. - elevate his legs and keep him warm. - apply direct pressure to the wound. - ensure that his airway is patent. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------apply direct pressure to the wound. You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner While you are performing artificial ventilations on a patient, he vomits. What should you do? - stop ventilations and wait for advanced life support - continue ventilations with increased force to prevent aspiration - roll the patient onto his side to allow for drainage of emesis - immediately stop ventilations and begin chest compressions ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------roll the patient onto his side to allow for drainage of emesis What is respiration? - the physical act of moving air into and out of lungs - the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli and tissues - the production of energy through nutrient and oxygen combination - the process of loading oxygen molecules into hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli and tissues Excellent indicators of respiration include level of consciousness and what else? - posturing - skin color - flaring - wheezing or stridor ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------skin color What is the preferred method of ventilating a patient? - mouth-to-mask with one-way valve - two-person BVM with reservoir and supplemental oxygen - one-person BVM with reservoir -manually triggered ventilation device ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------mouth-to- mask with one-way valve What is the main problem with positive-pressure ventilation? - cardiac output drops - cardiac output -there is a decrease in intrathoracic pressure - hemothorax ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------cardiac output drops Which of the following is an indication of poor air exchange? - stridor - pneumothorax - gastric distention - wheezing ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------stridor You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving? - 55% - 75% - 45% - 65% ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------55% What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly? - air is forcefully drawn into the lungs due to the negative pressure created by the rapid respirations - the majority of tidal volume reaches the lungs and diffuses across the alveolar- capillary membrane - air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange - minute volume increases because of a marked increase in both tidal volume and respiratory ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? - pharynx - larynx -orotharynx - bronchus ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------bronchus The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: - oxygenation - diffusion - respiration - ventilation ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------ventilation How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? - it pushes thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung - it forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane - A 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma - A 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree - A 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet - A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed ------CORRECT ANSWER-- -----------A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: - continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx. - insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block. - remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. - select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse? - Twenty breaths/min being delivered to the adult - Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag - Consistently increasing heart rate - Decreased compliance when squeezing the bag ------CORRECT ANSWER------------- Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? - The oxygen content in the alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase. - Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has low levels of carbon dioxide. - Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries. - The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries. ------ CORRECT ANSWER-------------Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries. You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: - ventilate with less pressure. - seal the mouth and nose. - thrust the jaw forward. - thoroughly suction the stoma. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------seal the mouth and nose. Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct? - A patient with slow respirations and adequate depth will experience an increase in minute volume. - The single most reliable sign of breathing adequacy in the adult is his or her respiratory rate. - Patients with a grossly irregular breathing pattern usually do not require assisted ventilation. - Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate. During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates: - a lower airway obstruction. - swelling of the upper airway. - secretions in the airway. - fluid in the alveoli. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------a lower airway obstruction. Which of the following patients is breathing adequately? - A conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations - A conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume - A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin - An unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin ------ CORRECT ANSWER-------------A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? - Increased body temperature - His extremities are cold - Severe pulmonary edema - Carbon monoxide poisoning ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------Carbon monoxide poisoning Tylenol is an example of what? - official name - generic name - trade name - chemical name ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------trade name