EMT FISDAP (AIRWAY) EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED, Exams of Nursing

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EMT FISDAP (AIRWAY) EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ALREADY GRADED A+ if patient is stuck in mud, try to help increase______? - ANSWER>>>tidal volume when a patient has 3 or more broken ribs - ANSWER>>>flail chest Paradoxical chest movement - ANSWER>>>flail chest the nerve that activates the diaphragm - ANSWER>>>phrenic nerve What is the flow rate for the non-rebreather mask? - ANSWER>>>10-15 L/min membrane around lungs - ANSWER>>>viscera pleura (pleuraspace) A condition of excessive oxygen consumption resulting in cellular and tissue damage. - ANSWER>>>oxygen toxicity A life-threatening collection of air within the pleural space; the volume and pressure have both collasped the involved lung and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side. - ANSWER>>>tension pneumothorax Flow rates for nasal cannula - ANSWER>>>1-6 L/min Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath - ANSWER>>>tidal volume A high-pitched whistling sound that is most prominent on expiration - ANSWER>>>Wheezing breath sounds Movement of a gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. - ANSWER>>>diffusion The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the principal product is lactic acid. - ANSWER>>>anarobic metabolism system that controls respiration; senses drop in oxygen level in blood - ANSWER>>>hypoxic drive a collection of blood in the pleural cavity - ANSWER>>>hemothorax a patient suspected of being hypoxic and breathing adequately should be given____ - ANSWER>>>Non-rebreather mask moniter levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH of cerebrospinal fluid and then provide feedback to respiratory center to modify rate and depth of breathing - ANSWER>>>chemoreceptors The amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute. - ANSWER>>>Minute volume deficiency in oxygen levels in blood - ANSWER>>>hypoxia metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen - ANSWER>>>aerobic metabolism air fills stomach, usually due to high volume of pressure - ANSWER>>>gastric distention this oxygen device delivers over 90% oxygen - ANSWER>>>bvm clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung - ANSWER>>>pulmonary embolism A cyclical pattern of abnormal breathing that increases and then decreases in rate and depth, followed by a period of apnea. - ANSWER>>>Cheyne- Stokes respiration ability of alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation - ANSWER>>>Conpliance A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation. - ANSWER>>>continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) The process of replacing nitrogen in the lungs with oxygen to maintain a normal oxygen saturation level during intubation - ANSWER>>>Denitrogenation shortness of breath - ANSWER>>>Dyspnea insertion of an endotracheal tube directly through larynx between vocal cords and into trachea to maintain and protect an airway - ANSWER>>>Endottracheal intubation The amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath. - ANSWER>>>end-tidal CO2 exchange of gases between lungs and blood - ANSWER>>>external respiration Opening between vocal cords - ANSWER>>>glottis Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream. - ANSWER>>>hypercarbia deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues - ANSWER>>>Hypoxia the buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness - ANSWER>>>Acidosis Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles. - ANSWER>>>adventitious breath sounds The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids. - ANSWER>>>Alkalosis An extreme, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure. - ANSWER>>>anaphylaxis wheezing on inspiration/expiration; bronchospasm - ANSWER>>>asthma An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages. - ANSWER>>>asthma collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs - ANSWER>>>atelectasis An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever. - ANSWER>>>bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. - ANSWER>>>Bronchiolitis A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide. - ANSWER>>>carbon dioxide retention a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible - ANSWER>>>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation. - ANSWER>>>continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Crackling, rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; formerly called rales. - ANSWER>>>crackles A viral inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children. - ANSWER>>>croup An infectious disease in which a pseudomembrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx. - ANSWER>>>Diptheria A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage. - ANSWER>>>embolus A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. - ANSWER>>>Emphysema A bacterial infection in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction. - ANSWER>>>Epiglottitis An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis. - ANSWER>>>hay fever rapid, usually deep, breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal - ANSWER>>>Hyperventilation Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT. - ANSWER>>>Ventilation Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli. - ANSWER>>>vesicular breath sounds High pitched sound heard in the lungs with asthmatics or lung disease - ANSWER>>>wheezing Bypassing of oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli to the left side of the heart. - ANSWER>>>intrapulmonary shunting A complex structure formed by many independent cartilaginous structures that all work together; where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins; also called the voice box. - ANSWER>>>Larynx Space within the chest that contains the heart, major blood vessels, vagus nerve, trachea, major bronchi, and esophagus; located between the two lungs. - ANSWER>>>Mediastinum The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within the cells. also called cellular respiration - ANSWER>>>Metabolism The volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs per minute; calculated by multiplying the tidal volume and respiratory rate; also called minute ventilation. - ANSWER>>>minute volume An oxygen-delivery device in which oxygen flows through two small, tubelike prongs that fit into the patient's nostrils; delivers 24% to 44% supplemental oxygen, depending on the flow rate. - ANSWER>>>nasal cannula Airway adjunct inserted into the nostril of an unresponsive patient, or a patient with an altered level of consciousness who is unable to maintain airway patency independently. - ANSWER>>>nasopharyngeal airway The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth, or palate. - ANSWER>>>nasopharynx Airway adjunct inserted into the mouth of an unresponsive patient to keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and to facilitate suctioning the airway, if necessary. - ANSWER>>>oropharyngeal airway A tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea. - ANSWER>>>oropharynx A condition of excessive oxygen consumption resulting in cellular and tissue damage. - ANSWER>>>oxygen toxicity Thin membrane that lines the chest cavity. - ANSWER>>>parietal pleura Amount of gas in air or dissolved in fluid, such as blood - ANSWER>>>partial pressure the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse - ANSWER>>>pneumothorax An opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin. - ANSWER>>>stoma A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded; a low level in a premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome. - ANSWER>>>Surfactant An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results. - ANSWER>>>tension pneumothorax The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible. - ANSWER>>>vital capacity a 67 year old mail complains of mild respiratory distress. he smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. chest sounds reveal bilateral rhonchi. what should you suspect? - ANSWER>>>chronic bronchitis an 18 year old male is cyanotic and complains of sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing after lifting weights. vital signs are bp 110/80, P 88, R 22. what is the most likely cause? - ANSWER>>>spontaneous pneumothorax a 77 year old female has dyspnea, speaks in short word bursts, and breathes with pursed lips. lung sounds are diminished, distant and clear. vital signs are bp 152/90, p 86 and irregular, r 23. what should you suspect? - ANSWER>>>emphysema what are the structures that branch off of the trachea into the lower airway? - ANSWER>>>bronchi How should you insert a nasopharyngeal airway? - ANSWER>>>Face the bevel towards the septum what is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult - ANSWER>>>350mL An alert 32 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. She speaks in 2-3 word sentences and has an oxygen saturation of 92%. What should you do? - ANSWER>>>Apply high flow oxygen