EMT FISDAP Final Exam TEST BANK-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025-tutor verified.docx, Exams of Nursing

Download EMT FISDAP Final Exam TEST BANK-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025-tutor verified.docx and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! EMT FISDAP Final Exam TEST BANK-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025-tutor verified 1279Q&A National guidelines for EMS care are intended to __________. -provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States -unify EMS providers under a single medical director -facilitate a national EMS labor group -reduce expenses at the local and state levels Provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patient's privacy according to _____. -HIPAA -CQI -APGAR -DCAP HIPAA Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)? -a system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick and injured patients -a team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for providing emergency care to critically injured patients -a vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide definitive emergency care in the prehospital setting -a team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured What is the EMT's primary service area? -the main area in which the EMS agency operates -the area serviced by the EMT's medical director -the location where the EMT provides essential care during a 9-1-1 call -the only area the EMT is certified to provide patient care the main area in which the EMS agency operates Online medical control requires _____. -written protocols approved by medical control -a physicians presence on the scene of the call -phone or radio contact with the medical director -the presence of an advanced-level provider phone or radio contact with the medical director As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on: -medical director approval -the patient's condition -the transport time to the hospita -an order from a paramedic medical director approval What should an EMT do to limit errors in the field? -deviate from established standards when necessary -follow the agency's written protocols -automated external defibrillator automated external defibrillator You are encouraging a patient to go to the hospital by ambulance. You know that a transport will keep you on duty several hours after your regular quitting time. This is an example of __________. -undue hardship -scope of practice -patient advocacy -abuse of authority patient advocacy The ability to handle multiple tasks based on their priority is called __________. -time management -patient empathy -integrity -patient advocacy time management Prehospital patient care decisions should be based on __________. -the experiences of EMTs -the opinions of physicians -an EMS agency's fiscal resources -EMS research EMS research You are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to _____. -law enforcement personnel -your medical director -the state motor vehicle department -the receiving nurse or doctor the receiving nurse or doctor The ability to take appropriate action with little direction is known as __________. -time management -self-motivation -self-confidence -diplomacy self-motivation Which of the following statements regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct? -according to the ADA, EMT candidates with a documented disability are exempt from taking the NREMT exam -the ADA applies only to individuals with a diagnosed and well- documented physical disability -the minimum number of hours required to successfully complete an EMT course is less for candidates who are disabled -the ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled the ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled -AEMT -EMR EMT What is the primary feature of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? -it enables patients to travel without losing health insurance -it limits the availability if a patient's health care information -it prevents an emergency department from refusing to care for a critically ill patient -it requires insurance companies to justify denying health care it limits the availability if a patient's health care information Which organization developed and published the first curriculum that served as the guideline for EMT training? -Department of Transportation (DOT) -National Academy of Sciences -Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) -Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Department of Transportation (DOT) Which of the following entities controls the licensure of EMTs? -the federal government -the state in which the EMT practices -community health organizations -the medical director the state in which the EMT practices Which of the following statements about health care in the United States is true? -health care in the United States is expensive but does not necessarily provide better health outcomes -the United States has low health care costs as compared to other wealthy nations -the average life expectancy in the United States is the highest in the world due to advances in health technologies -the United States spends more money per capita on health care than most other countries, but the level of care is superior health care in the United States is expensive but does not necessarily provide better health outcomes Public heath examines the health needs of entire populations. In the United States, public health focuses on education and what else? -surveillance -prevention -treatment -evaluation prevention The reaponsibility of the medical director to ensure the appropriate medical care standards are met by EMTs on each call is called what? -continuous quality improvement -medical control -primary prevention -quality control quality control -HIV is far more contagious than hepatitis B -HIV is easily transmittable in the EMS field -there is no vaccine against HIV infection there is no vaccine against HIV infection When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should: -spray the contaminated areas and then immediately wipe them dry with a towel -allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions -use a bleach and water solution at a 1:2 dilution ratio to thoroughly wipe all surfaces -clean all surfaces and patient contact areas with a mixture of alcohol and water allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should: -discontinue patient care and seek medical attention -report the incident to your supervisor after the call -immerse your wound in an alcohol-based solution -get immunized against hepatitis as soon as possible report the incident to your supervisor after the call The simplest yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to: -ensure that your immunizations are up-to-date -undergo an annual physical examination -wash your hands in between patient contacts -undergo annual testing for tuberculosis and hepatitis wash your hands in between patient contacts At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should: -remove the lines with a nonconductive object -mark off a danger zone around the downed lines -advise the patients to carefully get out of the car -proceed with normal extrication procedures mark off a danger zone around the downed lines Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used: -during routine cleaning of the ambulance -when performing endotracheal intubation -whenever you touch nonintact skin -while handling needles or other straps when performing endotracheal intubation Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you: -have been infected with hepatitis in the past -received the hepatitis B vaccination -are older than 35 years of age -have a weak immune system -punitive action and the loss of a job -low morale and frequently missed shifts -tension among coworkers and supervisors -substandard or inappropriate patient care substandard or inappropriate patient care General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases? -delayed reaction, alarm response, and physical recovery -immediate reaction, psychological exhaustion, and recovery -reaction and resistance, euphoria, and physical exhaustion -alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you note that two small cars collided head-on, the occupants are still in their vehicles. The fire department is in the process of stabilizing the vehicles and law enforcement personnel are directing traffic. After parking the ambulance at a safe distance, you and your partner should: -put on high-visibility safety vests -quickly begin the triage process -report to the incident commander -assist with vehicle stabilization put on high-visibility safety vests Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: -fear of medical personnel -history of chronic disease -assessment by the EMT -mental disorders assessment by the EMT While providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (EMT) several days later. What route of transmission does this scenario describe? -direct contact -indirect contact -vector-borne transmission -airborne transmission indirect contact Which of the following should you do when lifting something heavy? -lift using the muscles of your lower back -bend your legs, not your waist -keep the weight at arms's length from your body -wait for assistance bend your legs, not your waist Which of the following involved the spread of infection by animals or insects that carry an organism from one person or place to another? -bloodborne pathogens -vector-borne transmission -airborne transmission -foodborne transmission -acute stress, delayed stress, and cumulative stress -discovering, defusing, and debriefing -denial, bargaining, and acceptance an alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection that law enforcement agents use is called what? -cover -concealment -infection control -indirect contact cover You are responding to an accident scene involving an overturned semi truck carrying diesel fuel. Which reference source will be most helpful in this case? -CDC standards for infection control -ANSI safety standards -OSHA guidelines -DOT Emergency Response Guidebook DOT Emergency Response Guidebook What program, often available for EMS personnel, involves contracted agencies that provide a wide array of mental health, substance abuse, crisis management, and counseling services? -a Voluntary Protection Program -an employee assistance program -an injury and illness prevention program -a critical incident stress management program an employee assistance program Which type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital? -implied -expressed -formal -informed expressed You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do? -withhold transport until the parents arrive and guve you consent for treatment -transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital -begin transport at once and have the parents meet you en route to the hospital -treat the child at the scene and wait for the parents to arrive and give consent transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to: -consistently exceed the standard of care -exercise reasonable care and act prudently -function above his or her scope of practice system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you: -are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand -violated the patient's privacy because you should have discussed the information only with the EMTs involved -adequately safeguarded the patient's PHI because the cases were discussed internally -acted appropriately but must have each EMT sign a waiver stating that he or she will not discuss the case with others are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand When is forcible restraint permitted? -when the patient poses a significant threat to self or others -only if law enforcement personnel have witnessed threatening behavior -only if consent to restrain is given by a family member -anytime that the EMT feels threatened when the patient poses a significant threat to self or others Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include: -quickly moving any weapons out of the patient's sight -placing the patient in a private area until the police arrive -making brief notes at the scene and then completing them later -not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons To help protect patients, EMS agencies are required to have __________. -public forums with their medical director -an anonymous reporting system -a privacy officer to answer questions -online access to patient records a privacy officer to answer questions You are called to attend to an elderly patient with an extensive medical history who is now in cardiac arrest. The patient's family tells you that the patient has a DNR order. There is no paperwork available but the patient does have a MedicAlert bracelet indicating Do Not Resuscitate. You should: -initiate resuscitation in the absence of paperwork -confirm the patient's identity and honor the DNR order -confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet -transport with minimal care confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet Which of the following statements about the patient care report is correct? -patient care cannot be discredited based on poor documentation -it is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report -EMTs are not liable for any actions that are accurately documented -incomplete reports are common and accepted in EMs it is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist? -a call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change -a bystander encourages a victim who is not breathing Putrefication is defined as: -profound cyanosis to the trunk and face -blood settling to the lowest point of the body -decomposition of the body's tissues -separation of the torso from the rest of the body decomposition of the body's tissues You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should: -request the fire department to extricate the patient so you can begin CPR -stop any active bleeding and advuse dispatch to send a paramedic crew -ventilate the patient for 5 minutes and then stop if there is no response -have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased Once your ambulance is dispatched to an emergency, you have an obligation to respond. What is this called? -scope of practice -mandatory reporting -breach of duty -duty to act duty to act You arrive at the scene of a call to find an elderly man complaining of chest pain. You introduce yourself and ask permission to examine him. He nods and extends his arm. Which type of consent is this? -informed consent -expressed consent -mature consent -implied consent expressed consent While evaluating a noncritical patient in the field, you receive a call from dispatch regarding a serious four-car accident. You inform the patient you are treating to have someone take him to his doctor to get checked out before leaving to attend to the more seriously injured people. This is an example of what? -res iso loquitor -implied consent -defamation -adandonment adandonment What is the best way to care for your patient once he tells you he does not want to go to the hospital? -ask him to sign a refusal form, releasing you from liability -get the police involved -order him to go to the hospital against his wishes -encourage him to call 9-1-1 again if his condition worsens encourage him to call 9-1-1 again if his condition worsens The right of a patient to make decisions concerning his or her health is called what? -decision-making capacity -competence durable power of attorney for health care You have responded to a vehicle accident call. Initially, the male patient allows you to splint his broken arm and complete a primary assessment. However, he rescinds comsent during transport and demands to be let out of the ambulance. If you refuse, which of the following might you be charged with? -battery -assault -false imprisonment -kidnapping false imprisonment Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct? -documentation of proposed care is unnecessary if the patient refuses treatment -a patient who comsumed a few beers will likely be able to refuse EMS treatment -advuce given to a patient who refuses EMS treatment should not be documented -a mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport a mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport Which of the following is NOT a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)? -maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance -licensing base stations and assigning approriate radio call signs -monitoring all radio traffic and conducting field spot checks -allocating specific radio frequencies for use by EMS providers maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance Effective therapeutic communication skills require _________. -verbal and nonverbal communication techniques -supervision by advanced life support personnel -English-speaking patients or family members -correct use of complex medical terminology maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT -gives a radio report to the receiving medical facility -notifies the admitting clerk of the patient's arrival at the hospital -informs dispatch of the patient's arrival at the emergency department -gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse Immediately after being dispatched to a residence for an elderly patient with diabetic complications, you should: -confirm with dispatch that you received the call information -ask the dispatcher to obtain a medica history from the caller -ask the dispatcher if the patient is conscious or unconscious -request that law enforcement secure the scene before you arrive confirm with dispatch that you received the call information As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should: -inform the admissions clerk of the situatiom and then respond at once -discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest. Because of the remote geographic location, you are unable to contact medical control. What should you do? -ask the husband if he wants to continue resuscitation -make continuous attempts to contact medical control -follow locally established protocols or standing orders -perform CPR only and initiate immediate transport follow locally established protocols or standing orders During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should: -ask him if he frequently experiences severe headaches and nausea -allow him time to think about the question and respond to it -tell him that you cannot help him unless he answers your questions -repeat your question because he probably did not hear you allow him time to think about the question and respond to it Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities? -gunshot wounds -animal bites -cardiac arrest -spousal abuse cardiac arrest After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care interventiom, you should: -perform the intervention as ordered -confirm the order in your own words -repeat the order to medical control word for word -ask the physician to repeat the order repeat the order to medical control word for word Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is correct? -it is a frequency that is used exclusively by EMTs to communicate with one another in the field -it is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users -it is a designed frequency on a portable radio that provides direct access to medical control -it is a constantly open line of communication that is under exclusive control of a single user it is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should: -reassure the child's mother that seizures in children are very common and that there is nothing to worry about -give the child a favorite toy or blanket to hold onto and perform your assessment to the best of your ability -attempt to calm the child's mother, but avoid separating her from the child because this will increase her anxiety -ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother -hand-held portable radio -multiplex base station hand-held portable radio As you radio the hospital to give a report on your patient, which of the following should you do? -speak as quickly as possible -provide as much detail as possible -remain objective and impartial -use code words to protect the patient's identity remain objective and impartial After you submit the electronic PCR for a call, you realize that you accidentally documented the wrong vital signs. What should you do? -say nothing and hope that the error goes unnoticed -leave the record as it is and seek legal advice -notify your agency's information technology department -follow your agency's directions for making an amendment follow your agency's directions for making an amendment What is therapeutic communication? -anything that dampens or obscures the true meaning of a message -verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship -a means by which a patient can efficiently relate levels of pain -the recorded portion of an EMT's patient interaction, either written or electronic, that becomes part of the patient's permanent medical record verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship Radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location is known as what? -cell phone -interoperable communications system -mobile data terminal (MDT) -base station base station When a person considers his or her own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture, what is this referred to? -ethnicentrism -stereotyping -rapport -cultural imposition ethnicentrism Encouraging this patient to provide more information about his injury is an example of which therapeutic communication technique? -clarification -facilitation -reflection -interpretation facilitation Which of the following is included in the narrative section in a PCR? The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is: -medial -midaxillary -midclavicular -lateral medial The term "pericardiocentesis" means: -the removal of fluid from around the heart - a surgical opening made in the heart -narrowing of the arteries supplying the heart -surgical repair of the sac around the heart the removal of fluid from around the heart You are transporting a 67-year-old female patient to the hospital for investigation of abdominal pain. The patient care record indicates that the patient has a history of AAA. Based on this information, the patient care record includes an abbreviation for: -abdominal aortic aneurysm. -acute abdominal assessment. -acute abdominal aneurysm . -against ambulance advice. abdominal aortic aneurysm After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called: -hematemesis. -hemolysis. -hemiplegia. -hemostasis. hemostasis Which of the following suffixes mean "pertaining to"? - "-ic" and "-ology" - "-al" and "-ic" - "-al" and "-ology" - "-ology" and "-oma" "-al" and "-ic" "Gastro" in the word "gastroenteritis" means: - tongue. - bowel. - stomach. - intestine. stomach An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position? - Prone - Supine - Dorsal - Recumbent prone A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being: - bilateral. - medial. - proximal. - unilateral bilateral change How would you identify a patient who does not have any apparent allergies? - NA - amb - AK - NKA NKA What is the medical term for coughing up blood? - hematemesis - hematuria - hemogastritis - hemoptysis hemoptysis What should you do when trying to define the term dysuria? - begin with the prefix and work forward - begin with the root word, move to the suffix, then to the prefix - begin with the suffix, move the the prefix, then to the root word - begin with the suffix and work backward begin with the suffix, move the the prefix, then to the root word In general, which of the following does a prefix describe? - location and intensity - condition - movement - anatomic position location and intensity What is adduction? - a directional term describing something farther from the trunk - something closer to or on the skin - motion of a limb toward the midline - motion of a limb away from the midline motion of a limb toward the midline What does asthenia mean? - pain - weakness - paralysis - vomiting weakness Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because: - high levels of oxygen remain in the cells and can cause significant damage. - waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells. - carbon dioxide and other waste can enter the cells, but oxygen cannot. - kidneys. - pancreas. gallbladder A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents: - atrial contraction. - ventricular filling. - ventricular contraction. - ventricular relaxation. ventricular contraction What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? - The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. - Widespread vasodilation causes blood pressure to decrease. - The veins dilate to increase systemic perfusion. - Arterial blood is diverted to the skin and muscles. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances. - parietal - frontal - temporal - occipital occipital A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is: - nitrogen. - oxygen. - lactic acid. - heat. heat A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? - Hypovolemic - Cardiogenic - Neurogenic - Obstructive obstructive If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: - expiratory reserve volume is decreased. - inspiratory reserve is increased. - minute volume is decreased. - overall tidal volume is increased. minute volume is decreased The waste products of aerobic metabolism include: - ATP and glucose. - carbon dioxide and water. - nasopharynx. - larynx. - pharynx. larynx Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular: - assessment. - protocol. - disease. - medication. disease The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: - vertebral foramen. - foramen ovale. - foramen magnum. - spinous foramen. foramen magnum The distal aspect of the tibia forms the: - lateral condyle. - Achilles tendon. - lateral malleolus. - medial malleolus. medial malleolus What is the function of the fallopian tubes? - To connect the ovaries - To transport a mature egg to the uterus - To supply blood to the uterine lining - To produce progesterone and estrogen To transport a mature egg to the uterus Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? - Skeletal - Reproductive - Endocrine - Nervous endocrine The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen. - costovertebral angle - costal arch - mediastinum - diaphragm diaphragm Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? - Spleen - brain and sensory nerves. - brain and spinal cord. - motor and sensory nerves. brain and spinal cord You arrive at the scene of an accident and observe the patient lying face- up on the ground. As you look at the front side of his body, which plane of the body are you observing? - transverse - midsagittal - sadgittal - coronal coronal After opening a patient's airway and confirming spontaneous respirations, you check for a pulse on his neck just lateral to the trachea. What artery are you palpating? - radial - femoral - brachial - carotid carotid Which of the following substances is the main element that the bone cells use to create a hard and resilient structure? - magnesium - sodium - potassium - calcium calcium What is the proper name for the cheekbone? - maxilla - mandible - zygoma - sphenoid zygoma The elbow is an example of what type of joint? - immovable - ball-and-socket -hinge - saddle hinge What structure of the brain is responsible for the level of consciousness and maintenance of vital signs? - brain stem - frontal lobe - occipital lobe - limbic system - 6 to 8 months - 24 to 36 months - 18 to 24 months - 10 to 18 months 10 to 18 months The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to: - atherosclerosis. - hypotension. - medication use. - kidney failure. atherosclerosis Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an: - increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. - increase in height because of spinal disc expansion. - increase in muscle strength and reflexes. - increase in respiratory rate due to increased metabolism. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? - An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month. - An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's. - An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min. - By 6 months of age, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's. Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: - increased stiffness of the thoracic cage. - increased surface area available for air exchange. - decreased residual volume. - a loss of respiratory muscle mass. increased surface area available for air exchange. An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: - he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse. - the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. - the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat. - the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________. - cranial valleys - fontanelles - sutures - ventricles fontanelles - the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. - a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. - dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. Atherosclerosis is defined as ________. - dilation of the arteries - the blockage of a coronary artery - constriction of the blood vessels - the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels the blockage of a coronary artery Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75- year-old patient's vital signs? - Increased weight - Overall health - Medical conditions - Medications Increased weight Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age? - Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production - Decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels - Increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production - Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: - inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. - avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. - obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents. - recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. According to the terminal drop hypothesis: - a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years. - most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death. - most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one. - mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between: - 70 and 140 mm Hg. - 80 and 120 mm Hg. - 90 and 140 mm Hg. - Preschool - School-age - Adolescent Adolescent Which of the following conditions is an infant most likely to have? -Disk compression in the spinal column - Loss of passive immunity - Airway obstruction - Atherosclerosis Airway obstruction Which age group is most likely to suffer from diabetes? - Infants - Adolescents - Middle adults - Older adults Older adults Which of the following statements is true about the physiology of older adults? - Older adults require more sleep than younger adults. - The filtration function of the kidneys decreases and the size of the kidney increases. - The metabolic rate in the older brain does not change. - Vital capacity is at its highest in older adults. The metabolic rate in the older brain does not change. Which of the following should be expected when you assess a 76-year-old patient's pupils? - Vision deficit - Unequal pupils - Slower pupillary reaction - Fixed, dilated pupils Slower pupillary reaction Which of the following affects vital signs the most in older adults? - Patient's cardiovascular system -Overall health of the patient - Patient's cardiovascular system - Patient's diet Overall health of the patient Which life stage is apt to be characterized by antisocial behavior and peer pressure? - Toddler - Adolescent - Early adult - Middle adult Adolescent Changes in which of the following body systems can result in the most debilitating of age-related illnesses? - flexible litter - ambulance stretcher Orthopedic stretcher To avoid the strain of unnecessary lifting and carrying, which of the following should you use when moving a patient from the ground onto a stretcher? - direct carry - stair chair - draw sheet method - extremity lift Draw sheet method You are dispatched to a house where an 80-year-old woman has fallen in an upstairs bathroom and hit her head on the sink. When you arrive she is unconscious. Which is the best equipment to use to move her to the ambulance? - stokes litter - stretcher - backboard - stair chair Backboard When carrying a patient down a flight of stairs on a backboard, which person should be at the head end of the backboard? - Tina, who is 5'4" and is the most flexible of the team - Jerry, who is 6'2" and strong - Tom, who is 5'10" and has average upper body strength and superior lower body strength - Doug, who is 5'8" and a weightlifter Doug, who is 5'8" and a weightlifter Which of the following is an example of an urgent move? - rapid extrication technique - one-person walking assist - clothes drag - extremity lift Rapid extrication technique You are responding to an accident where a 25-year-old female fell 15 feet while rock climbing. The terrain is steep and there is not much space to work. Which device should you use? - vacuum mattress - flexible stretcher - scoop stretcher - Kendrick Extrication Device (KED) Flexible stretcher You are transporting a 50-year-old patient who reports respiratory distress but has no other indications of other injury or illness. What is the best position in which to place this patient? - immobilized - fowler/semi-fowler - recovery - supine Fowler/semi-fowler