EMT FISDAP FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified answers-2024-2025.docx, Exams of Nursing

Download EMT FISDAP FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified answers-2024-2025.docx and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! EMT FISDAP FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified answers-2024-2025 What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult? Correct Answer: 350ml How much air is in the average adult ventilation? Correct Answer: 500ml How much air is lost in the area of dead space when an adult is ventilating? Correct Answer: 150ml A 67 year old male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds reveal bilateral rhonchi. What should you suspect? Correct Answer: Chronic bronchitis EXPLANATION: chronic bronchitis is long term inflammation of the bronchioles. Excessive mucus and pus production leads to obstructed airways. the consistent cough is the body's response to clear the airway obstruction An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute. which device should you use to administer oxygen? Correct Answer: Bag-valve mask EXPLANATION: He is unresponsive and breathing too slow. This is a "sick" patient and assisting his ventilation should be the first intervention. You can increase his respiratory rate with a bag-valve mask. diaphoretic Correct Answer: Characterized by profuse sweating. Nasal cannula delivers about what percentage of oxygen Correct Answer: 20-44% What are the structures that branch off of the trachea into the lower airway? Correct Answer: Bronchi EXPLANATION: the trachea splits at the carina into the left and right bronchus. The bronchi get smaller and smaller until it reaches the terminal bronchioles where the alveoli are located. What is the normal range of breaths per minute for an adult Correct Answer: 12-20 A febrile 44 year old male complains of shortness of breath and has dull chest pain. he has been coughing up "rusty" sputum for the last 3 days. what is the most likely cause? Correct Answer: Pneumonia EXPLANATION: Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue and the "rusty" sputum (spit) is a sign of a lower airway infection. He is febrile (has a fever) from an immune response to the infection, and the "dull" chest pain is a common symptom at the location of the infection. A 42 year old male complains of shortness of breath after being sprayed with super-heated steam. He has burns to his face, neck and upper chest. Vitals signs are BP 112/66, P 124, R 26 shallow and labored. What should you do? Correct Answer: Assists his ventilations EXPLANATION: He is in respiratory failure. His breathing is ineffective because his respirations are fast and shallow. Shallow respirations do not allow for adequate oxygen exchange because the air is not drawn down far enough into the lungs. Assisting his breathing with positive pressure ventilations will help reduce any developing pulmonary edema from the lower airway burns. What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed upper airway? Correct Answer: Stridor How should you insert a nasopharyngeal airway? Correct Answer: Face the bevel toward the septum Also know to only use water-soluble lubricants when inserting a NPA, no oil-based lubricants The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of what type of breathing? Correct Answer: Labored breathing Expect to initially see an increases respiratory rate ad heart rate with labored breathing. As the patient begins to tire, the respiratory rate and the quality will begin to decrease, which worsens the problem. What are the small air sacs at the end of the airway that are responsible for gas exchange? Correct Answer: Alveoli A 53 year old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to arouse and breathing 8 times a minute. What do you suspect? Correct Answer: Respiratory failure What is directly posterior to the nose? Correct Answer: Nasopharynx The nasopharynx connects the opening of the nostrils to the soft palate, which is located at the back of the mouth. This passage is designed to warm up inhaled air and filters out fine particulate matter What is the name of the muscular structure the divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity? Correct Answer: Diaphragm What is the most common location for an airway obstruction? Correct Answer: Pharynx This passageway is shared by air and food, so it is a common site for a partial of complete obstruction, which could be food or a flaccid tongue. What part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords? Correct Answer: Larynx This structure is directly above the trachea. What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? Correct Answer: 12-20 Which of the following would have the least contributory effect on reducing tidal volume in a patient? Correct Answer: Diabetes or high blood pressure You are managing a patient who is suffering from a right ventricular infarction. If the patient is also complaining of mild dyspnea, how could the MI contribute to the perception of dyspnea? Correct Answer: Decreased perfusion to the lungs If a patient has suffered a heart attack and the left ventricle can no longer pump blood effectively, how can this cause respiratory compromise in the patient? Correct Answer: Increased amount of fluid filling the alveoli Blood, vomitus, or other substances that occlude the nasopharynx may drain and lead to: Correct Answer: Airway occlusion Just because a patient is attempting to breathe against a partially occluded airway, if they do NOT move enough air to reach the alveoli, what secondary complication might they experience? Correct Answer: Hypoxia or Hypercapnia Which of the following is the MOST important airway concern for any patient who displays an altered mental status? Correct Answer: The tongue will relax into the back of the throat and cause a partial or complete airway obstruction Which of the following statements is MOST correct about the relationship between the airway status and the level of hypoxia that may be present in a patient who is awake and talking to you? Correct Answer: The airway is intact and the risk of hypoxia is low Which of the following differences between the airways in the adult and pediatric is correct? Correct Answer: Pediatrics have a proportionally larger tongue The narrowest part(s) of an infant's upper airway is (are) the: Correct Answer: Cricoid cartilage Which of the following vital sign changes is consistent with pediatric hypoxia that may necessitate airway and/or ventilatory assistance? Correct Answer: Bradycardia Compared to the adult patient, an infant's ventilation rate is: Correct Answer: Faster and with a lower tidal volume A child's metabolic rate and limited oxygen reserves will cause what detrimental effect to occur more quickly in a child patient than in an adult patient during periods of hypoventilation? Correct Answer: Hypoxia A harsh, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration, characteristic of an upper airway obstruction due to swelling, is called: Correct Answer: The patient's skin is pale and clammy You respond to the scene of a witnessed opiate overdose. On your arrival, the patient is unconscious and supine with labored, sonorous respirations and cyanotic lips. What would be the cause of the sonorous airway sounds? Correct Answer: Airway occlusion from the tongue You respond to the scene of an industrial accident. As you approach the unconscious middle-aged male patient, bystanders tell you that he was struck in the face by a large metal beam being transported by a crane. He is unconscious and cyanotic with gurgling respirations. Your FIRST action would be to: Correct Answer: Clear the oropharynx Steps in performing a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver for opening the airway of a non-trauma patient include: Correct Answer: Tilting the head backward with one hand You are caring for an adult who was seen by a family member to become unconscious on the couch, and then slid to the carpeted floor. He appears to have taken an overdose of a medication. What is the proper technique used to open his airway? Correct Answer: Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver If a gurgling sound is heard during the provision of artificial ventilation with a bag valve mask (BVM), the EMT should: Correct Answer: Immediately apply suction to remove the liquid from the airway Why would an EMT select a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) instead of an OPA? Correct Answer: The patient still has a gag reflex f a patient has a medical problem that caused him to pass out and strike his head, the EMT should open the airway using the: Correct Answer: Jaw-thrust maneuver When an infant is unconscious in his bed, the EMT should use what procedure to open the airway. Correct Answer: head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver