EMT State Exam Review BEST STUDYING MATERIAL WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST VERSION UPDATE, Exams of Nursing

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EMT State Exam Review BEST

STUDYING MATERIAL WITH VERIFIED

ANSWERS LATEST VERSION UPDATE

When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be: A. spoken in a loud voice. B. coded and scripted. C. lengthy and complete. D. brief and easily understood.

• ANSWER D. brief and easily understood Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by: A. maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible. B. using medical terminology to ensure the patient understands. C. positioning yourself at a level that is higher than the patient. D. withholding unpleasant information until arrival at the hospital.
• ANSWER A. maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible. While at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contact the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should: A. use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch. B. place both patients in the ambulance and transport at once. C. reattempt to contact dispatch from an area of higher terrain. D. ask a police officer to call dispatch with his portable radio.
• ANSWER A. use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the: A. proximal forearm. B. distal forearm. C. dorsal forearm. D. superior forearm.
• ANSWER B. distal forearm The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the: A. pharynx. B. uvula. C. vallecula. D. epiglottis.
• ANSWER D. epiglottis

In relation to the chest, the back is: A. inferior. B. posterior. C. anterior. D. ventral

• ANSWER B. posterior Which of the following is a function of the upper airway? A. creates sound from vocal cord vibration B. exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide C. warms and humidifies inhaled air D. relaxes bronchiole smooth muscle
• ANSWER C. warms and humidifies inhaled air Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult? A. respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement B. respirations of 30 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume C. cool, clammy skin and retractions above the clavicles D. use of the accessory muscles in the neck and cyanosis
• ANSWER A. respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed: A. 80 beats/min. B. 70 beats/min. C. 90 beats/min. D. 100 beats/min.
• ANSWER D. 100 beats/min The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the: A. aorta. B. carotid. C. femoral D. brachia l - ANSWER A. aorta All necessary life functions are coordinated in what part of the brain? A. brain stem B. cerebrum C. cerebellum D. gray matter
• ANSWER A. brain stem The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae. A. five B. seven

C. EMS training officer. D. EMS medical director.

• ANSWER B. Individual EMT Which of the following skills or interventions is included at every level of prehospital emergency training? A. AED B. use of a manually triggered ventilator C. oral glucose for hypoglycemia D. intranasal medication administration
  • ANSWER A. AED What type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe? A. radio B. online C. direct D. off-line
• ANSWER D. off-line An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to: A. demand the patient to be quiet and cooperative during transport. B. reassure him or her that everything will be all right, even if it will not be. C. continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful. D. ignore the patient's feelings and focus on his or her medical complaint.
• ANSWER C. continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the administration of ALS? A. a 64-year-old cardiac arrest patient who is defibrillated with an automated external defibrillator (AED) B. a 53-year-old patient who is given glucagon for significant hypoglycemia C. a 48-year-old patient whose airway is secured with a multilumen device D. a 61-year-old trauma patient whose chest is decompressed with a needle - ANSWER A. a 64-year-old cardiac arrest patient who is defibrillated with an automated external defibrillator (AED) According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to: A. administer epinephrine via the subcutaneous route. B. assist a patient with certain prescribed medications. C. interpret a basic electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm and treat accordingly. D. insert a peripheral intravenous (IV) line and infuse fluids.
• ANSWER B. assist a patient with certain prescribed medications. Which of the following signs would indicate that your partner is experiencing significant stress? Choose one answer.

A. isolation from the rest of the crew B. increased interest in daily activities C. acute increase in his or her appetite D. hyperactivity during an EMS call

• ANSWER A. isolation from the rest of the crew You and your partner are EMTs and have been dispatched to standby at the scene of a residential fire. While standing next to the ambulance observing the fire fighters, you see a woman frantically moving around in her burning house. You should: A. immediately notify the incident commander or safety officer. B. don a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and rescue the woman. C. stay where you are until fire fighters remove her from the house. D. request permission from the fire chief to enter the structure.
• ANSWER A. immediately notify the incident commander or safety officer A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no longer than ________ hours following the incident. Choose one answer. A. 24 B. 12 C. 6 D. 72
• ANSWER D. 72 You are transporting a 40-year-old male with respiratory distress. The patient tells you that he recently had a positive tuberculosis (TB) skin test and is currently being evaluated for possible TB. You should: A. remain at least 3 feet away from the patient and apply a surgical mask on him. B. apply a nasal cannula on the patient and a sterile surgical mask on yourself. C. apply a sterile surgical mask on yourself and a HEPA respirator on the patient. D. apply a nonrebreathing mask on the patient and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on yourself.
• ANSWER D. apply a nonrebreathing mask on the patient and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on yourself. The MOST effective way to preserve your own body heat when functioning in cold, wet weather is to: A. avoid outer clothing with zippers. B. wear a heavy, thick jacket or coat. C. wear socks made of heavy-duty cotton. D. wear at least three layers of clothing.
• ANSWER D. wear at least three layers of clothing. While assisting an advanced life support (ALS) ambulance crew, you are accidentally stuck with an IV needle. You should: A. report the incident to your supervisor after the call.

A. a media representative inquires about the patient B. the family requests a copy for insurance purposes C. the patient is competent and signs a release form D. a police officer requests a copy to place on file - ANSWER C. the patient is competent and signs a release form. What type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital? A. formal B. informed C. implied D. expressed - ANSWER D. expressed You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle versus pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13 - year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do? A. Treat the child at the scene and wait for the parents to arrive and give consent. B. Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital. C. Withhold treatment until the parents arrive and give you consent for treatment. D. Begin transport at once and have the parents meet you en route to the hospital. - ANSWER B. Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital. You are dispatched to an office building for a 49-year-old male with chest pain. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient to be conscious and alert, but in obvious pain. He tells you that he did not call 9- 1 - 1; a coworker did. He further states that he does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. You should: A. tell him that he is having a heart attack and needs medical care. B. have him sign a refusal of care form and then return to service. C. err in the best interest of the patient and transport him at once. D. ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care. - ANSWER D. ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care. A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should: A. request that the police place the patient under protective custody. B. document the patient's request but continue to transport him. C. assess whether or not the patient's mental condition is impaired. D. have the patient sign a refusal form and return him to his office - ANSWER C. assess whether or not the patient's mental condition is impaired. Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan law is correct? A. It provides the EMT immunity from a lawsuit. B. The law does not protect EMTs who are off duty.

C. It guarantees that the EMT will not be held liable if he or she is sued. D. It will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence. - ANSWER D. it will not protect the EMT in case of gross negligence. Two EMTs witnessed a call in which a coworker gave adequate medical care but ignored the patient's emotional needs. The coworker was deliberately rude solely because the patient was thought to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The EMTs ignored the coworker's treatment of this patient and took no steps to prevent this behavior from happening again. This lack of action on the part of the two EMTs is considered: A. legal but unethical. B. illegal but ethical. C. legal and ethical. D. illegal and unethical. - ANSWER A. legal but unethical While transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. Your MOST appropriate action should be to: Choose one answer. A. remain at the scene until law enforcement and another ambulance arrive. B. continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash. C. stop and triage the patients while your partner remains in the ambulance. D. ask a bystander to remain with your patient as you treat the crash victims. - ANSWER B. continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash. Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts abandonment? A. An EMT gives a verbal report to an emergency room nurse. B. An AEMT transfers patient care to a paramedic. C. A physician assumes patient care from an EMT. D. A paramedic transfers patient care to an EMT. - ANSWER D. A paramedic transfers patient care to an EMT. A patient's refusal for EMS treatment and/or transport must be: A. witnessed by a notary. B. reported to the police. C. authorized by a judge. D. an informed refusal. - ANSWER D. an informed refusal As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should: A. leave a copy of the run form with a nurse and then respond to the call. B. respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician. C. inform the admissions clerk of the situation and then respond at once. D. place the patient in a high-visibility area and then respond to the call. - ANSWER B. respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician.

B. refrain from performing any assessment or treatment until you can contact someone who can function as an interpreter. C. give the patient oxygen, assess his vital signs, and transport him to the hospital in a position of comfort. D. speak to the patient with a moderately louder voice to facilitate his ability to understand what you are saying. - ANSWER A. use short, simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the patient's complaint A 25-year-old woman is in active labor. The umbilical cord is presenting through the vagina. You would - ANSWER Place the mother in a supine position with the hips elevated, administer oxygen, and transport A 28-year-old patient presents supine on the floor, unconscious, unresponsive, and with snoring respirations at a rate of 6 breaths/min. Bystanders report that the patient is diabetic, takes no medications, and may have ingested heroin half an hour prior to the EMS providers arrival. After opening the patients airway, the EMS provider should: - ANSWER Insert an airway adjunct and ventilate with 100% oxygen using a bag-valve- mask A 52-year-old male is complaining of breathing difficulty and left arm pain radiating to the right jaw. Vital signs are BP <90/60 P= 120, R= 24. The patient should be administered - ANSWER High concentration oxygen and should be placed in a position of comfort for ease of breathing A 65-year-old male was involved in a two-car motor vehicle crash. Upon examination, he complains of chest when breathing and tenderness of the sternum. Your INITIAL care would be to - ANSWER Administer high-concentration oxygen When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates - ANSWER Rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head

• Hypoxia and hypotension are two most common causes of secondary brain injury
• Third ventricle of the brain is where CSF is produced You are the first EMT provider to arrive on the scene of head-on automobile accident where you find the following: Patient #1: Appears to be intoxicated has pain in his right shoulder, and is belligerent toward the rescuers Patient #2: Also appears to be intoxicated and is very slow in responding to questions. He has burns on his lower legs and feet from the car heater and complains of pain in his back

Patient #3: Has an open wound to the brain, Which is not bleeding, He has no pulse or respiration, and his chest pinned between the steering wheel and the seat Patient #4: Has a laceration across the abdomen that is bleeding profusely, and a portion of the colon is protruding. Which patient should be treated and transported FIRST? - ANSWER Patient # An accident victim who is minor has blood spurting from the brachial artery. The parents are not present. Which one of the following actions should the EMS provider take? - ANSWER Presume that parental consent is implied and proceed with treatment According to one theory, the way in which nitroglycerin relieves chest pain is by: - ANSWER Dilating coronary arteries According to New York State Vehicle and Traffic law, both emergency lights siren MUST be used whenever and ambulance - ANSWER Proceeds through a red light with due caution After an EMS call, some crew members begin discussing a recent case with some non- EMS personnel. This is unacceptable behavior because it is: - ANSWER A breach of the patients privacy and is unethical After immobilizing a painful, swollen, deformed collarbone, your NEXT priority would be to - ANSWER Check the radial pulse The "A" in the mnemonic AVPU as it relates to patient assessment, stands for - ANSWER ALERT All of the following are considered signs EXCEPT: - ANSWER Nausea Scatica is caused by - ANSWER Herniated Discs A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced: - ANSWER a detached retina The amniotic fluid serves to: - ANSWER insulate and protect the fetus. The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if: - ANSWER pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available. Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: - ANSWER cardiogenic shock. Ischemic heart disease is defined as: - ANSWER decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium. CPR should be initiated when: - ANSWER a valid living will is unavailable.

CPR retraining is the MOST effective when it: - ANSWER involves hands-on practice The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi) - ANSWER 2, A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should: - ANSWER apply direct pressure to the wound. The MOST reliable sign of a head injury is - ANSWER a decreased level of consciousness The __________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx. - ANSWER cricoid When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence initially? - ANSWER Why did your child ingest the poison? Which of the following MOST accurately defines negligence? - ANSWER Deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is: - ANSWER hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts Which of the following is an indication of imminent birth? - ANSWER Crowning of the baby's head An absence seizure is also referred to as a: - ANSWER petit mal seizure. A reflex arc occurs when: - ANSWER a sensory nerve detects an irritating stimulus and bypasses the brain by sending a direct message to the motor nerve. When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: - ANSWER talk to the child, not just the caregiver. Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. - ANSWER 3 years old Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when: - ANSWER blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state.

When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive patient, you should: - ANSWER avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously. While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the: - ANSWER ventricles relaxing When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or ________ pulse. - ANSWER Femoral You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-valve mask. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should: - ANSWER roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway. Aggressive ambulance driving may have a negative effect on other motorists because: - ANSWER it may not allow for their reaction time to respond to your vehicle Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct? - ANSWER Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women. The MOST common and usually the most serious ambulance crashes occur at: - ANSWER intersections. A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should: - ANSWER suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds. When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in an infant or child, you should: - ANSWER depress the tongue with a tongue depressor. Febrile seizures in a child: - ANSWER may indicate a serious underlying illness. What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? - ANSWER Allows movement of the head In general, medivac helicopters should be utilized when: - ANSWER a patient has a time-dependent injury or illness and traffic conditions would cause a significant delay in definitive care Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? - ANSWER Putting a baby to sleep on his or her back When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should: - ANSWER avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.

When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should: - ANSWER ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment Ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because: - ANSWER the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood. You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high-flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should: - ANSWER remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport. The term "hyphema" is defined as: - ANSWER blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of seizures? - ANSWER Hypotension Very young children tend to breathe predominantly with their diaphragm because: - ANSWER their intercostal muscles are not fully developed A 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures experiences a generalized (tonic- clonic) seizure. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is: - ANSWER epilepsy In which of the following situations would the EMT be the LEAST likely to immobilize a patient's spine? - ANSWER No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that its face is encased in the unruptured amniotic sac. You should: - ANSWER puncture the sac and suction the baby's mouth and nose. A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9- 1 - 1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: - ANSWER cardiogenic hypoperfusion. Which of the following techniques should you use to dislodge a foreign body airway obstruction in a patient who is in an advanced stage of pregnancy or who is very obese? - ANSWER Chest thrusts Which of the following skull fractures would be the LEAST likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs? - ANSWER Linear

You should attempt to maintain a chest compression fraction of at least: - ANSWER 60% What is the alveolar minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min? - ANSWER 5, mL General guidelines for safe ambulance driving include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSWER regularly using the siren as much as possible You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should: - ANSWER immediately suction her oropharynx. Febrile seizures in a child: - ANSWER may indicate a serious underlying illness The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: - ANSWER allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. Aggressive ambulance driving may have a negative effect on other motorists because: - ANSWER it may not allow for their reaction time to respond to your vehicle. Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear: - ANSWER ashen The main objective of traffic control at the scene of a motor vehicle crash is to: - ANSWER warn oncoming traffic and prevent another crash. Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when: - ANSWER normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms. The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is: - ANSWER the four-person log roll. The purpose of a jump kit is to: - ANSWER contain anything that you might need during the first 5 minutes of patient care Other than personal safety equipment, which of the following should be the MOST readily accessible item in the back of an ambulance? - ANSWER Bleeding control supplies A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should: - ANSWER prepare for immediate transport.

Components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale include: - ANSWER arm drift, speech, and facial droop. Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct? - ANSWER It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.