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BIO 200 Final exam QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024 LATEST UPDATE The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal environment is termed - ANSWER homeostasis Which of the following is NOT an example of a negative feedback that would result in homeostasis? - ANSWER an increase in the elngth of daylight causes brown fat in hibernating bats to increase their heat output, which increases body temperature of bats hormones - ANSWER circulate via blood hemolymph affects specific cells with appropriate receptors local regulators - ANSWER communication between neighboring cells neurotransmitters - ANSWER communication between nerves across synapses pheromones - ANSWER communication between individuals across environment endocrine system - ANSWER less fast, lasts longer, hormones nervous system - ANSWER fast response, short, neurotransmitters lipid-soluble hormone types - ANSWER steroid (cortisol) amine (thyroxine) water-soluble hormone types - ANSWER polypeptide (insulin) amine (epinephrine) water soluble hormones - ANSWER in/inactive enzymes change uptake/secretion DNA transcription rate cytoskeleton arrangment lipid-soluble hormones - ANSWER move through membrane via diffusion receptors inside cell feedback loop - ANSWER e.g. liver glucagon and insulin people with type I diabetes take insulin after meals to help maintain their blood sugar levels. Automatically, such diabetics suffer from... - ANSWER damaged pancreatic cells that do not respond well to high glucose levels monitoring and control - ANSWER blood pH, blood temp, and seasonal changes via the hypothalamus In kidneys, which homrone is most effective at causing increased number of aquaporins to be present in collecting duct epithelia, and what is the source of this hormone? - ANSWER ADH; posterior pituitary gland posterior pituitary - ANSWER neural connection to hypothalamus oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone oxytocin - ANSWER lactation, uterine contractions, mood and sexual arousal antidiuretic hormone - ANSWER degree of urine concentration tropic hormones - ANSWER in anterior pituitary, signals production of other hormones anterior pituitary - ANSWER circulatory/hormonal connection to hypothalamus (releasing vs. inhibiting) phytochromes - ANSWER light responsers that changes shape, passes through a second messenger to the nucleus that gets transcribed into a bending hormone plant hormones - ANSWER water soluble affect cell division, cell elongation, and cell differentiation produced in minute quantities and have different effects in different tissues auxin - ANSWER apical dominance, bending towards light, affects secondary growth by inducing cell division in vascular cambium acid growth - ANSWER acidify cell wall (H+), water moves in and cell wall elongates cytokinin - ANSWER produced in actively growing tissues, work together with auxin to control cell division and differentiation When plants are exposed to sunlight they start to bend towards it. These plants also move their chloroplasts toward the sunny side of each cell. What is the advantage to doing so? - ANSWER maximizes the photosynthetic potential water enters a plant and moves through the xylem to the stomata in the leaves using all the following except... - ANSWER peristalsis in xylem tissues direction of auxin and cytokinin flow in plants - ANSWER auxin is down the plant, cytokinin is up the plant gibberellin - ANSWER stem growth and fruit growth breaking dormancy of the seed (aleurone secretes alpha-amylase) abscisic acid - ANSWER different than other hormones (suppresses growth) seed dormancy and drought tolerance Drought response - ANSWER close stomata to prevent loss of water, abscisic acid produced in the roots and communicates to other plants etiolation - ANSWER no leaves, if plant is in the dark de-etiolation - ANSWER has leaves, if plant senses light How would the shoots of this potato plant know that they have emerged from the ground? - ANSWER detect a change in light quantity tropism - ANSWER growing or turning movement of a plant, response to an environmental stimulus In phototropism, plants detect: - ANSWER presence of light, direction of light, intensity of light, and wavelength of light which of the following wavelengths would be the best to monitor for photosynthesis efficiency? - ANSWER blue light shade avoidance/adequate light - ANSWER phytochrome that detects the red and far-red light red light - ANSWER seed germination/flowering far red - ANSWER plants grow taller plants sense gravity using... - ANSWER starch filled plastids called statoliths thigmotropism - ANSWER growth in response to touch, occurs in in climbing plants such rapid leaf movements in response to mechanical stimulation that can only occur through action potential the pulvinus - ANSWER a motor organ, trigger causes release of sugrose, and potassium leaves the parenchyma cells cells collapse and leaves close due to turgor pressure the HPG axis would most likely be involved in - ANSWER asexual species during parthenogenesis and sexual species producing sperm and eggs female reproductive system - ANSWER oogenesis and ovulation females are born with the eggs they will have the rest of their life ovulation cycle - ANSWER 1. primary oocyte within follicle 2. growing follicle 3. mature follicle 4. ovulated secondary oocyte 5. corpus luteum 6. degenerating corpus luteum follicular phase - ANSWER positive feedback gonadatropin releasing hormone folicle stimulating hormone and luteneizing hormone luteal phase - ANSWER negative feedback increasing estradiol from ovaries LH from pituitary a blood sample was taken from a woman in her 40s showing high levels of estrogen, progesterone, hCG, and prolactin suggests that - ANSWER she is pregnant testes - ANSWER testosterone production sperm production
