Download English Grammar Tenses and Sentence Structure and more Schemes and Mind Maps English in PDF only on Docsity! # 時態 (Tense) Present Tense A. Use: (everyday, often, sometimes, always, usually, seldom, never, first…then, …) 1. Habits/ Repeated actions 習慣/重複的行動 She goes to church every Sunday. 2. Permanent situations 固定狀態 Leon lives in Beijing. 3. General truths 恆常事實 The earth rotates once every 24 hours. B. Form: Base form: e.g. I go to church every Sunday. Base form + (e)s: e.g. Sandy goes to church every Sunday. Negative: doesn't/ don't + base form Question: do/ does + subject + base form Present Continuous Tense A. Use: (now, at the moment, this week, this minute, for the time being, Look!, Listen!) 1. Actions happening now 正在進行中 She is drawing a picture now. 2. Temporary arrangements at the moment I am studying at the Hilton this week. 3. Complaining about people's bad habits You are always losing your key. B. Form: am/ is/ are + -ing e.g. I am/ Sandy is/ They are drawing a picture now. Negative: am/ is/ are not + -ing Question: am/ is/ are + subject + -ing Present Perfect Tense A. Use: (just, yet, never, already, ever, so far, up to now, recently, since, for) 1. Past actions with unspecified time I have seen that man before. 2. Recently completed actions I have just finished the work. 3. Incomplete action which began in the past till now I have lived here for 13 years. B. Form: has/ have + past participle e.g. Sandy has/ We have seen that man before. Negative: has/ have not + past participle Question: has/ have + subject + past participle Past Tense A. Use: 1. Actions took place at a particular time or over a period of time in the past I stayed with my uncle last summer. 2. Habits/ Repeated actions in the past Last summer, I went for a walk with her uncle everyday afternoon. B. Form: Regular verbs: Base form + -(e)d e.g. Sandy stayed with my uncle last summer. Irregular verbs: e.g. Last summer, Sandy went for a walk with her uncle everyday afternoon. Negative: didn't + base form Question: did + subject + base form 3. if(如果) - 例詞:if I have time(如果我有時間) - 例句:If I have time, I will help you with your project.(如果我有時間,我會幫你做專案。) 4. when(當...時候) - 例詞:when I wake up(當我醒來時) - 例句:I will call you when I wake up.(當我醒來時,我會給你打電話。) 5. while(當...的同時) - 例詞:while I 很抱歉,由於回答的字數限制,無法提供完整的詳細筆記。我將繼續提供一些其他常見的從屬 連接詞和協同連接詞的例子,以供您參考: 6. unless(除非) - 例詞:unless it rains(除非下雨) - 例句:I won't go out unless it rains.(除非下雨,否則我不會出去。) 7. while(當...時候) - 例詞:while I was studying(當我正在學習時) - 例句:While I was studying, my phone rang.(當我正在學習時,我的手機響了。) 8. before(在...之前) - 例詞:before the meeting(在會議之前) - 例句:Please submit your report before the meeting.(請在會議之前提交你的報告。) 9. after(在...之後) - 例詞:after work(下班後) - 例句:I usually go to the gym after work.(我通常下班後去健身房。) 10. since(因為、自從) - 例詞:since I was a child(自從我小時候) - 例句:I have loved music since I was a child.(自從我小時候,我就喜歡音樂。) # 介詞、介系詞(英語:Adposition) 介系詞用於表示詞彙、片語或句子之間的關係。 1. at(在、在...時間上、在...地點上) - Example: She is waiting at the bus stop.(她正在公車站等待。) - Example: The meeting will start at 9 a.m.(會議將在上午 9 點開始。) - Example: He is good at playing the piano.(他擅長彈鋼琴。) 2. in(在、在...時間上、在...地點上) - Example: The book is in the bag.(書在包裡。) - Example: I will see you in the afternoon.(我將在下午見你。) - Example: She lives in New York.(她住在紐約。) 3. for(為了、給予、持續的時間) - Example: I bought a gift for my friend.(我為我的朋友買了一份禮物。) - Example: They are studying for the exam.(他們正在為考試而學習。) - Example: I will be away for a week.(我將離開一個星期。) 我希望這些例句能夠幫助你更好地理解這些介系詞的用法。如果你有其他問題,請隨時提出。 常見的介詞(Prepositions) 介詞用於表達名詞、代詞或名詞片語與其他詞語之間的關係。以下是一些常見的介詞: 位置: in(在...內部):in the city(在城市裡) on(在...上面):on the table(在桌子上) at(在...處):at the park(在公園裡) under(在...下面):under the tree(在樹下) above(在...上方):above the clouds(在雲上方) below(在...下方):below the surface(在水面下) beside(在...旁邊):beside the river(在河邊) between(在...之間):between the buildings(在建築物之間) among(在...之中):among the crowd(在人群中) near(靠近...):near the station(靠近車站) far from(離...遠):far from home(離家遠) next to(在...旁邊):next to the park(在公園旁邊) behind(在...後面):behind the house(在房子後面) in front of(在...前面):in front of the building(在建築物前面) at the corner of(在...的轉角處):at the corner of the street(在街道 轉角處) inside(在...內部):inside the room(在房間內部) outside(在...外部):outside the store(在商店外部) 國家、城市等地理位置 in(在...國家/城市):in China(在中國)、in Tokyo(在東京) from(來自...國家/城市):from France(來自法國)、from New York (來自紐約) to(到...國家/城市):to Italy(到義大利)、to London(到倫敦) at(在...國家/城市):at the United States(在美國)、at Paris(在巴 黎) on(在...國家/城市):on the island(在島上)、on the coast(在海岸) near(靠近...國家/城市):near Australia(靠近澳洲)、near Sydney (靠近悉尼) between(在...國家之間):between Canada and Mexico(在加拿大和 墨西哥之間) among(在...國家/城市之中):among the European countries(在歐洲 國家之中) across(橫越...國家/城市):across the Atlantic(橫越大西洋) beyond(超過...國家/城市):beyond the borders(超過邊界) 方向: to(到...):go to school(去學校) from(從...):come from Japan(來自日本) into(進入...):jump into the pool(跳進游泳池) out of(從...出來):get out of the car(從車裡出來) 時間: at(在...時刻):at 9 o'clock(在九點) on(在...日期):on Monday(在星期一), on June 12th(在 6月 12日) in(在...時間段):in the morning(在早上), in 2022(在 2022年), in July(在 7月) during(在...期間):during the summer(在夏天期間) for(持續...時間):for two hours(持續兩小時) since(自從...以來):since yesterday(自從昨天以來) from...to(從...到...):from Monday to Friday(從星期一到星期五) before(在...之前):before noon(在中午之前) after(在...之後):after dinner(在晚餐之後) by(在...之前):by 5 p.m.(在下午五點之前) until/until(直到...為止):study until midnight(學習到午夜) within(在...之內):within a week(在一週之內) throughout(在整個...期間):throughout the year(全年) 方式: with(用...):write with a pen(用筆寫) by(藉由...):travel by train(乘火車旅行) like(像...):dance like a professional(像專業舞者一樣跳舞) 原因: because of(因為...):cancel the event because of bad weather(因 為天氣不好取消活動) due to(由於...):delayed due to traffic jam(因交通阻塞而延遲) 其他: about(關於...):talk about the movie(談論關於電影的事情) for(為了...):buy flowers for my mother(為我的媽媽買花) of(屬於...):a friend of mine(我朋友的)