Epidemiology Final Exam with answers 100% correct /verified/24/25, Exams of Epidemiology

Download Epidemiology Final Exam with answers 100% correct /verified/24/25 and more Exams Epidemiology in PDF only on Docsity! 1 / 6 Epidemiology Final Exam with answers 100% correct /verified/24/25 1. 1. One must use care in interpreting occupational differences in morbidity and mortality because: A. good health status may be a factor for selection into a job. B. occupations involving physical activity tend to cause heart attacks among older workers. C. occupational stress, even in extreme situations, is difficult to quantify. D. A, B, and C: A. good health status may be a factor for selection into a job. 2.2. Asbestos exposure has been associated with:: D. asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma, and lung cancer 3.3. A sentinel health event refers to:: a case of unnecessary workplace disease that serves as a warning signal. 4.4. Exposure to electric and magnetic fields has been linked to:: childhood leukemia risk 5. 5. It has been suggested that occupational exposure to benzene in the petroleum industry increases the risk of developing leukemia. The levels of 2 / 6 benzene to which workers in this industry have been exposed were high from 1940 to 1970, but since 1970 have been significantly reduced. What kind of study design, using petroleum workers, would provide the most useful information on whether benzene affects incidence rates of leukemia in this industry? You may assume that records of individual worker assignments to jobs involving benzene exposure have been maintained by the industry.: - Retrospective cohort 6.6. Which of the following is the leading source of radiation?: Radon 7.The healthy worker effect: Healthy persons are more likely to gain employment than unhealthy persons. 8.Synergism: A situation in which the combined effect of several exposures is greater than the sum of the individual effects 9.Threshold: The lowest dose at which a particular response may occur 10.Latency: The time period between initial exposure and a measurable response 11.The population etiologic fraction is a measure of the proportion of the disease rate in a population attributable to the exposure of interest. This measure of effect is influenced by:: A & C 5 / 6 of confounding in epidemiologic studies?: Blinding 23.The purpose of a double-blinded study is to:: Avoid observer and interviewee bias 24.In a survey which uses lay interviewers to interview one person about his or her health and the health of household members, the sources of error include:: All of the above 25.An epidemiology experiment is preformed in which one group is exposed to a suspected factor and the other is not. All individuals with an odd hospital admission number are assigned to the second group. The main purpose of this procedure is to:: Improve the likelihood that the two groups with be comparable with regard to known and unknown confounding factors 26.A double-blind study of a vaccine is one in which:: Neither observers nor subjects know which subject receives the vaccine and which receives a placebo. 27.Screening for disease involves which type of prevention?: Secondary 28.Selective screening involves applying the screening tests to which of the following?: High-risk groups 29.Which of the following is NOT true?: A screening measure may be 6 / 6 unreliable but valid 30.Which of the following measures is conditioned on having a positive test? Sensitivity: Proportion of people with the disease who have a positive test 31.Which of the following measures is conditioned on having a positive test? Specificity: Proportion of people without the disease who have a negative test 32.Which of the following measures is conditioned on having a positive test? Predictive value positive: Proportion of people with a positive test who have the disease 33.Which of the following measures is conditioned on having a positive test? Predictive value negative: Proportion of people with a negative test who 7 / 6 do not have the diease 34.Screening has been associated with certain types of measurement bias. Match the description of bias resulting from screening with the names of these types of bias. Selection Bias: The screening test looks better than it actually is, because younger, healthier people are more likely to get the test 35.Screening has been associated with certain types of measurement bias. Match the description of bias resulting from screening with the names of these types of bias. Over diagnosis bias: Screening identifies an illness that would have no shown clinical signs before death from other causes 36.Screening has been associated with certain types of measurement bias. Match the description of bias resulting from screening with the names of these types of bias. 10 / 46.A person with an in-apparent infection:: Can transmit the infection to others 47.The CDC published an article concerning the high rate of foot fungal disease in New Orleans. The article explains that there has been a high rate of 11 / foot fungal disease in NOLA for decases. Foot fungal disease in NOLA is best described as:: Endemic 48.The public health officer from Long Beach complains to you about the dreaded pacific pox. The health officer says "If people catch the pox, they suddenly have the urge to dance in the sand and fall dead on the beach within the hour." There are no survivors to interview so you deduce:: The case fatality rate of the pox must be high 49.What factors comprise the epidemiologic triangle?: All of the above 50.Someone suggests immunization as a means of reducing disease, specif- ically the feared UJ. What part of the disease cycle is he or she trying to affect?: Host 51.With respect to a hypothetical rabies investigation conducted among vet- erinary workers, researchers found that rabies was almost always fatal. This finding refers to:: Virulence 52.The site where a disease agent enters the body is the:: Portal of entry 53.Social epidemiology deals with the health effects of:: all of the above 54.2. Sociocultural influences on health include:: all of the above 55.Personal behavior and lifestyle factors in health do NOT include:: social support 12 / 56.Which of the following statements describes the person-environment fit model?: Goodness of fit between the characteristics of the person and environment 57.Which of the following statements describes a stressful life event?: an occurrence that might cause readjustments in people's activities 58.Selye's concept of the general adaptation syndrome did NOT include: Se- lye's concept of the general adaptation syndrome did NOT include 59.Examples of social incongruity include:: all of the above 60.The most important methodological problems in the measurement of life events are:: A, B, and C 61.The type A behavior pattern is hypothesized to be a risk factor for: coronary heart disease 62.Which of the following conditions would not be likely to be considered a Western or way-of-life disease?: Bacterial infections 63.According to the Association of Schools of Public Health, competencies in epidemiology to be achieved by Master of Public Health degree candidates in public health include: e. all of the above 64.Career roles for epidemiologist include:: all of the above 65.3. Education in epidemiology can be obtained via special summer