EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024, Exams of Nursing

Download EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 J. Berry acculturation, integration - Correct Answers ✅J. Barry conceptualizes acculturation as many models existing on a continuum, with the minority culture and the majority or mainstream culture at opposite poles. Integration would be displayed by an individual who has high retention of the minority culture and high maintenance of the mainstream culture. Lenore Walker cycle of violence, battered women - Correct Answers ✅Lenore Walker describes a cycle of violence that involves three stags: tension building, acute battering incident, and loving contrition. According to Walker, most of the benefits of the relationship occur in the third stage, when the batterer offers apologies, assurances that the attacks will never happen again, and declarations of love. The relationship tends to remain stable when the balance between the costs of the abuse and the benefits of the relationship are fairly similar. As violence escalates, the relationship becomes more unstable, and the man escalates his charming behavior in an attempt to restore stability. behavioral contrast effect - Correct Answers ✅If we are reinforced for performing two different operants, and reinforcement for one of these behaviors stops, we tend to increase the rate of the remaining reinforced behavior. That is probably because the reinforcement that remains seems to become more valuable. EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 doctrine of comparable worth - Correct Answers ✅States that workers (in particular, men and women) should get equal pay for performing jobs that have equivalent worth (use job evaluation) M. Seligman theory of learned optimism - Correct Answers ✅In Seligman's theory of learned optimism, attributions of optimistic people are believed to be the opposite of attributions of depressed people. Since depressed people make internal, stable, and global attributions to negative events, optimistic people would tend to make external, unstable, and specific attributions in response to negative events. Therefore, we can readily eliminate "B" ("I didn't study enough") since that's an internal attribution. Choice "C" ("the teacher is always a tough grader") is a stable attribution. That leaves Choices "A" ("I was unlucky") and Choice "D" ("the test was hard this time") - which are both external and unstable attributions. Of the two, however, Choice "D" is better since being unlucky would imply that success is a matter of luck. Course of Antisocial Personality Disorder - Correct Answers ✅The symptoms of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), particularly criminal behaviors, often become less evident as an individual grows older (DSM-TR-IV, p. 704). APD has a chronic course and while some symptoms like criminal behaviors may decrease, other symptoms such as difficulties with interpersonal relationships may persist. (See: Paris, J. (2004). Personality disorders over time: Implications for therapy, American Journal of Psychotherapy, 58(4), 420-429.) EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 for each individual enrolled in the plan, regardless of how many or few services the patient uses. time-series quasi-experimental design - Correct Answers ✅-Used when only ONE group is available to study over a longer period of time -Useful for determining trends over time -Data are collected multiple times before the introduction of the treatment ot establish a baseline point of reference on outcomes. -The experimental treatment is introduced and data are collected multiple times afterward to determine a change from baseline. -The broad range and number of data-collection points helps rule out alternative explanations, such as history effects. -Potential threats to Internal validity: Testing--b/c of multiple data- collection points, maturation and selection--b/c lack of control group Transvestic fetishism - Correct Answers ✅heterosexual male has recurrent intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross dressing. Exhibitionism - Correct Answers ✅exposing of one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 Gender Identity Disorder - Correct Answers ✅strong and persistent cross-gender identification with evidence of clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. cognitive dissonance - Correct Answers ✅The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. A person is motivated to reduce the negative, aversive state that results when his or her cognitions conflict with each other. From the perspective of this theory, the poor client paying a very high fee would experience a state of dissonance. Therefore, this client, more than those in the other responses, would be motivated to believe that he or she is benefitting from therapy. Sleep patterns of persons with/at-risk of depression - Correct Answers ✅Research has found that depression is most associated with a more rapid onset of REM sleep, decreased percentage of slow wave sleep, and increased percentage of REM sleep. The research also suggests that individuals with no prior history of depression but who have rapid REM onset have an increased risk of developing depression (e.g., D. Giles, D. Kupfer, A. Rush, & H. Roffwarg, Controlled comparison of electrophysiological sleep in families of probands with unipolar depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1998, 155(2), 192-199). EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 blocking - Correct Answers ✅Blocking occurs when a CS is presented simultaneously with a second stimulus just before the US. Although it would seem that the second stimulus should acquire the properties of a CS from this procedure, that's not what happens. Instead, the second stimulus does not produce a conditioned response. Alderian - Correct Answers ✅For Adlerians, a desire to belong is a primary motivator of behavior, but this desire may be channeled into the mistaken goals of power, attention, inadequacy, or revenge., Feelings of inferiority contribute to problems in children and adults Teological approach-behavior is shaped by future goals (NOT the past) Innate social interest motivates people, ways to fulfill social responsibility Key Concepts: Inferiority feelings Striving for superiority Style of Life Social Interest Inferiority feeling develop during childhood while striving for superiority. Ways a person tries to compensate for inferiority and achieve superiority determines one's style of life EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 dynamics. The patient is offered intensive individual and group sessions that are a combination of psychoeducation and cognitive therapy. DBT has been shown to reduce hospitalization and self-mutilating behavior (Linnehan, Heard, and Armstrong, 1993). Schizophrenia Type I - Correct Answers ✅-positive symptoms (delusions or hallucinations, inappropriate affect, and disorganized thinking) -neurotransmitter abnormalities or irregularities Schizophrenia Type II - Correct Answers ✅mainly negative symptoms, worse premorbid functioning, earlier onset, worse recovery, worse response to medication, believed due to a structural brain problem MANOVA - Correct Answers ✅used when two or more dependent variables are included in a study. Rather than using separate ANOVAs to evaluate the effects of each of the dependent variables, a researcher could use the MANOVA when all the dependent variables are measured on a ratio or interval scale. This also helps to control the experiment- wise error rate. Bronfenbrenner's ecological model - Correct Answers ✅- microsystem: immediate environment, face-to-face rx (rx w/ parents, siblings, school, neighbors, etc) EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 -mesosystem: interactions btwn components of microsystem (influence of family on bx at school) -exosystem: broader environ that affects child's environ (parents' workplace, school board, community, media) -macrosystem: overarching environ influences (cultural beliefs/practice, econ conditions, political ideologies) -chronosystem: environ events over lifetime that impact them (immediate and LT effects of change in family structure/ SES) Item characteristic curve - Correct Answers ✅curve developed in Item Response Theory to represent the probability of getting an item correct based on test-taker characteristics; the slope of the curve is representative of how well the item differentiates/discriminates test- takers on the measured characteristic; position of the curve (left vs right) is representative of the item difficulty, and the Y-intercept is the probability of answering the item correctly just by guessing (answer A). self-verification theory - Correct Answers ✅a theory that people want others to perceive them as they perceive themselves, regardless of whether they see themselves in a positive or negative light; holds that people strive for stable, subjectively accurate beliefs about the self because such beliefs give them a sense of coherence. item response theory - Correct Answers ✅a mathematical approach to choosing test items in which the probability of a positive response to EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 an item is determined by the person's estimated position on the underlying trait being measured, as well as by characteristics of the item -theoretical basis of computer adaptive assessment, in which tests tailored to the examinee's ability level are computer generated Overall, more reliable estimate of ability is obtained using shorter test with fewer items - you need a bank of items that have been systematically evaluated for level of difficulty -invariance of item parameters, holds that the characteristics of items should be the same for all theoretically equivalent groups of subjects chosen from the same population. Thus, any culture-free test should demonstrate such invariance; i.e., a set of items shouldn't have a different set of characteristics for minority and non-minority subgroups. For this reason, item response theory has been applied to the development of culture-free tests -research supports the notion that the assumptions of item response theory only hold true for very large samples - dexedrine - Correct Answers ✅an isomer of amphetamine (trade name Dexedrine) used as a central nervous system stimulant, used in treatment of ADHD EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 multiple regression analysis - Correct Answers ✅A form of statistical analysis that seeks the equation representing the impact of two or more independent variables on a single dependent variable -seeks high correlation between predictor variables and criterion (DV) but low intercorrelations between predictor variables (should be measuring separate things) primary reinforcer - Correct Answers ✅A primary reinforcer is the same as an unconditioned reinforcer. These are items that acquire their reinforcing value without special training. Food and water are examples of primary reinforcers. Kohlberg's stages of morality development - Correct Answers ✅1. Pre conventional - behaviors we view as moral are those that result in a reward or avoidance of punishment Conventional - The person at the conventional level supports the social order. He or she believes in that which is approved of by others or by societal standards is moral. Post-conventional- unction according to our own conscience, no matter what the conventional wisdom is. Huntington's Disease - Correct Answers ✅Huntington's Disease is believed to begin when cells within the striatum (caudate and putamen) of the basal ganglia begin to be destroyed. The striatum is EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 responsible for producing GABA, which regulates the levels of dopamine in the brain through an inhibitory process. The death of the striatum cells causes decreased amounts of GABA which leads to an overproduction of dopamine and results in chorea (uncontrollable and irregular muscle movements, especially of the arms, legs, and face). Conduction aphasia - Correct Answers ✅Difficulty repeating words just spoken and recalling the name of familiar objects are characteristic of all three disorders. - due to damage to the nerve fibers that connect Broca's to Wernicke's area and the most typical result is difficulty repeating what one has heard. Broca's aphasia - Correct Answers ✅Broca's aphasia is characterized by difficulty expressing language, including difficulty repeating words just spoken and recalling the name of familiar objects Wernicke's aphasia - Correct Answers ✅receptive aphasia, primarily affects comprehension which results in impairment in spoken and written language, and anomia or problems recalling words. also difficulty repeating words just spoken and recalling the name of familiar objects Vroom and Yetton's normative model - Correct Answers ✅decision- making tool (tree) to help leaders determine how much involvement EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 they should seek when making decisions. The model starts by having leaders answer several key questions and working their way through a funnel based on their responses. F sccale, MMPI - Correct Answers ✅Checks on response style, the F scale indicates if the person is answering in a deviant way, or is perhaps actually deviant. The higher the F, the more the answers suggest that the person is attempting to appear odd, disturbed, etc. expectancy theory - Correct Answers ✅Expectancy theory predicts that motivation is related to three phenomena: Expectancy -beliefs about the relationship between effort and performance; Instrumentality - beliefs about the relationship between performance and outcomes; and Valence - the desirability of those outcomes. incremental validity - Correct Answers ✅The increase in decision- making accuracy resulting from the use of a particular predictor. Three factors influence the incremental validity of a test: 1) the base rate, or the percentage of correct hiring decisions made when the test is not used; 2) the test's validity coefficient; and 3) the selection ratio, or the ratio of job openings to total applicants (for instance, if 100 people are applying for 5 positions, the selection ratio is low 5/100, or .05; if 10 people apply for 5 positions the selection ratio is high 5/10 or .50). Incremental validity is greatest when the base rate is moderate, the validity coefficient is high, and the selection ratio is low. The Taylor- Russell tables can be used to determine a test's incremental validity, EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 California Tarasoff Statute - Correct Answers ✅gives clinicians explicit guidance about when a duty to act arises and tells clinicians what actions fulfill their duty. The first Tarasoff decision established a "duty to warn," however, the case was reheard several years later and the Tarasoff II decision modified the duty to warn to a "duty to protect." -"issues implicated by the Tarasoff case and its legal progeny account for a small percentage of forensic cases." mania, according to psychoanalytic theory - Correct Answers ✅According to classical psychoanalytic theory, mania occurs as a defense against depression, due to an inability of the person to tolerate or admit to being depressed. Hypomanic episode - Correct Answers ✅Hypomanic Episode is characterized by a period of persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts at least 4 days and is accompanied by three or more symptoms including: inflated self-esteem or grandiosity; decreased need for sleep; talkativeness; racing thoughts; distractibility; excessive involvement in high-risk pleasurable activities; and increase in goal-directed activity. The symptoms are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning and there are no psychotic features. During a Hypomanic Episode many individuals exhibit increased productivity, efficiency, and creativity. EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 Beck's cognitive therapy - Correct Answers ✅A type of cognitive therapy developed by Aaron Beck in which the therapist works to develop a warm relationship with the person and has the person carefully consider the evidence for her beliefs in order to see the errors in her thinking ("collaborative empiricism"). -also emphasizes relatpse prevention, structure and goal-oriented Delusion of reference - Correct Answers ✅person believes that objects or events in the immediate environment have an unusual and particular significance to him or her. In a , the this is not the case here. persecutory delusion - Correct Answers ✅person feels that he or she is being mistreated in some way or conspired against; Systematized delusions - Correct Answers ✅organized around a coherent theme Lazarus' theory (emotion theory) - Correct Answers ✅Lazarus' theory proposes that a thought (cognitive appraisal) must precede any emotion or physiological arousal. Cannon-Bard (emotion theory) - Correct Answers ✅Cannon-Bard (a.) states physiological and emotional arousal are experienced at the same time. EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 -theory of emotion that says that a stimulus causes simultaneously psyiological arousal and the subjective experience of an emotion James-Lange - Correct Answers ✅an event causes physiological arousal first, then interpretation and finally the experience of emotion Schachter-Singer - Correct Answers ✅an event causes physiological arousal first, then reasoning and finally the experience of emotion Facial feedback - Correct Answers ✅changes in facial muscles cue the brain and provide the basis of emotion. organizational process consultant - Correct Answers ✅process consultant, rather than merely correcting problems for his or her client, focuses on an organization's underlying processes, with the goal of making changes in processes so that individuals within the organization can solve their own problems. Thus, choice D is the best answer, as it is the only one which offers a way in which the nurses and administrators can work together to solve the problem of dissatisfaction with work conditions. By comparison, choices A and B would have the consultant diagnose and "fix" the problem; these interventions would be consistent with the medical rather than the process model of consultation. EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 functioning, or an inability to separate one's own thoughts and feelings from those of other family members. joining (family therapy) - Correct Answers ✅joining is a technique described by Minuchin that involves adopting the family's affective style in order to help establish a working relationship, gain greater understanding of the family structure, and gain more leverage in bringing about family change. high context communication - Correct Answers ✅relies on body language, nonverbal cues, reference to environmental objects, and culturally relevant phraseology to communicate an idea. is indirect and seems to take forever to reach a conclusion. low context communication - Correct Answers ✅communication style that uses few environmental or cultural idioms to convey an idea or concept. Ideas are spelled out explicitly. introjection - Correct Answers ✅(gestalt) acceptance of others' beliefs and standards without analyzing, assimilating and internalizing them -absorbing the values or behaviors of others, including the larger society, without really understanding or assimilating those values or behaviors EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 -represents a disturbance in the boundary between self and others -- the person does or believes things that are not reflective of a self that is clearly distinct from others in the environment. , The best initial strategy for teaching complex motor skills that require speed and accuracy to be successfully performed is to - Correct Answers ✅emphasize speed over accuracy the recurrence of hallucinations long after intoxication is most likely to result from the use of - Correct Answers ✅Mescaline Hallucinations, especially after discontinued use ("flashbacks") are most likely the result of a true hallucinogen. Of the drugs listed, only mescaline is clearly classified as a hallucinogen. PCP (phencyclidine) is sometimes classified as a hallucinogen; other times it's considered a stimulant or pain killer, and it is less likely to cause flashbacks. Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder - Correct Answers ✅term in DSM-IV-TR -individual with this disorder has not used drug recently, but has re- experienced 1+ of perceptual symptoms or "flashbacks" experienced while intoxicated, such as geometric hallucinations, intensified colors, etc. -few cases reported reexperiencing of hallucinations following cessation of use of a hallucinogen. EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder - Correct Answers ✅can be caused by intoxication or withdrawal from many different substances but the symptoms must occur within a month of intoxication or withdrawal and the person must not have insight that the hallucinations (or delusions) are substance induced. Consuming foods containing tyramine while taking a MAOI would most likely result int - Correct Answers ✅Eating foods containing tyramine while taking MAOIs is likely to cause a hypertensive crisis, that is, a severe rise in blood pressure. The person may also experience headache, diaphoresis (perspiration), and palpitations. On rare occasions the combination has caused cardiac failure and cerebral hemorrhage. Some of the foods that must be avoided while taking MAOIs include: beer and wine, aged cheese, beef or chicken liver, orange pulp, pickled or smoked meats, packaged soups, and yeast vitamin supplements. MAOI - Correct Answers ✅Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Drug effective for depression; any of a group of antidepressant drugs that inhibit the action of monoamine oxidase in the brain and so allow monoamines to accumulate self-directed work teams - Correct Answers ✅Self-directed work teams are self-directed; i.e., they determine their own goals, plan their own work processes, and may even hire their own replacements. A EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 sexual dimorphism - Correct Answers ✅refers to any consistent differences between males and females in size or shape. Sexual dimorphism enables animals to readily identify males and females of their species which serves to facilitate mating. The cortex is the least developed part of the brain at birth. Subsequent development is due primarily to - Correct Answers ✅myelination of existin neurons; Nearly all of the neurons are present at birth, and continued development of the brain following birth is due primarily to an increased number of dendrites and myelination of the existing neurons. The symptoms of OCD can be alleviated through CB treatments and medication interventions that reduce activity in the - Correct Answers ✅caudate nucleaus The caudate nucleus appears to be overactive in people diagnosed with OCD. L.R. Baxter (1992) reports that both behavioral interventions and drug therapy affect metabolic rate in the caudate nucleus. reticular activating system - Correct Answers ✅is involved in attention and arousal inferior colliculus - Correct Answers ✅controls auditory reflexes EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 locus coeruleus - Correct Answers ✅may be associated with Depression and Panic Disorder. three components of long-term memory - Correct Answers ✅Long- term memory has been divided into three components: semantic memory, procedural memory, and episodic memory. Semantic memory - Correct Answers ✅memory for the rules of logic and inference, as well as knowledge about language (e.g., what words mean and how they are used) Procedural memory - Correct Answers ✅information about how to do things, such as how to drive a car Episodic memory - Correct Answers ✅contains information about events that have been personally experienced shared variability (in factor loading) - Correct Answers ✅A method for interpreting the correlation between two different variables; calculated by squaring the correlation coefficient. For example, if the correlation between a predictor and critierion is .30, the variability shared between the variables is .09 (9%). (Or, put another way, 9% of variability in criterion scores is explained by variability in the predictor.) EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 AIDS dementia complex - Correct Answers ✅cognitive impairment associated with HIV. -occurs in about 2/3 of all AIDS patients. Usually, one of the first cognitive signs of dementia (both in AIDS and non-AIDS patients) is a loss of concentration and a mild memory loss, especially for recent events. signs of dementia - Correct Answers ✅loss of concentration and a mild memory loss, especially for recent events. A therapist using Beck's cognitive approach to therapy would rely primarily on which michroskill to induce desirable changes in a depressed client - Correct Answers ✅Questioning - a very important strategy in Beck's cognitive therapy and, in fact, the majority of communications by the therapist take the form of questions designed to help the client consider particular issues, options, and so on. Structural equation modeling - Correct Answers ✅A multivariate technique used to evaluate the causal (predictive) influences or test causal hypotheses about the relationships among a set of factors -identify the underlying (latent) factors that relate to a set of measured variables and the nature of thecausal relationships between those factors EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 picture to cause anxiety, some cognitive mediation must be taking place. Gardener's theory of intelligence - Correct Answers ✅defined intelligence as an ability to solve real-life problems, to generate new problems, and to create something meaningful or offer a service that is valued within a person's culture or local community. He developed the theory of multiple intelligences which currently lists eight intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist. panic disorder - Correct Answers ✅An anxiety disorder marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations, possibly unusual perceptual experiences (perceptual disturbances - derealization or depersonalization) Use of active/passive coping, biofeedback and CBT to treat chronic pain - Correct Answers ✅Several studies have found that passive coping strategies (e.g., depending on others, restricting social activities, use of medication for immediate pain relief) result in an increase in subjective pain among chronic pain patients. Conversely, helping patients reduce the frequency of passive coping strategies is believed to result in decreased pain. Active coping strategies (e.g., staying busy or active, distracting attention from the pain), as well as biofeedback and EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 cognitive-behavioral therapy, have most often been found to decrease pain Sternberg's theory of intelligence - Correct Answers ✅Robert Sternberg's triarchic model of intelligence consists of three interacting components: the componential, or analytical, aspect includes the methods used to process and analyze information; the experiential, or creative, aspect refers to how unfamiliar circumstances and tasks are dealt with; and the practical, or contextual, component refers to how people respond to their environment. (Beyond IQ, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1985). Perkins' theory of intelligence - Correct Answers ✅Identified three dimensions to intelligence: the neural, the experiential, and the reflective that are considered contrasting causal factors that all contribute to intelligence. Racial/Cultural Identify Development Model - Correct Answers ✅Sue and Sue's R/CID model describes5 stages: conformity, dissonance, resistance and immersion, introspection, and integrative awareness and elaborates on individuals' attitudes toward self and others. 1. Conformity stage, a person depreciates the self (and others of the minority group) but appreciates the dominant majority group. 2. Dissonance stage, minority individuals experience conflict between appreciation and depreciation of the self and the majority group. EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers 2024 3. Resistance and Immersion stage, the individual appreciates the self and depreciates the majority group. 4. Introspection stage, the person again experiences conflict and questions the basis of his or her appreciation and depreciation of self and others. 5. Integrative Awareness stage, the person experiences self- appreciation and selective appreciation of the majority group Partial (focal) seizures - Correct Answers ✅Partial (focal) seizures typically begin with uncontrollable twitching of a small part of the body, for example, one finger, which may start to jerk, followed by jerking of the entire arm and then the rest of that side of the body, and may lead to jerking of the entire body. Although it can eventually affect the entire body, it is referred to as a "partial" seizure because of how it initially developed. This is sometimes called "partial seizure with secondary generalization." Partial seizures are further subdivided into "simple partial seizures," which have no alteration of consciousness, and "complex partial seizures," which do alter consciousness. Generalized seizures - Correct Answers ✅The generalized type of seizures include the petit mal and tonic-clonic (grand mal) types. Petit mal (absence) seizures are characterized by minimal motor activity and a lack of awareness. Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures begin as bilaterally symmetrical at onset and involve episodes of violent shaking, during which the person becomes blue and stiff.