EPPP Psychology Licensing Exam 2023-2024: 200 Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download EPPP Psychology Licensing Exam 2023-2024: 200 Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 EPPP PSYCHOLOGY LICENSING EXAM 2023- 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 1. Which of the following describes postconcussion syndrome? • 1. Irritability, fatigue, and headaches. • 2. Loss of consciousness for minutes to an hour. • 3. Loss of consciousness for hours to days. •4. Headaches and numbness on one side of the body. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. Irritability, fatigue, and headaches. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 2. According to the Tarasoff II ruling: • 1. a therapist has a duty to protect when he or she becomes aware of a potential homicidal situation in the course of therapy. • 2. when a patient admits to homicidal intent and there is a "reasonably identifiable victim," the therapist has a duty to warn the intended victim as well as the police. • 3. when a patient admits to homicidal intent, the therapist must attempt to warn the intended victim and must tell the police, as well as take further steps such as securing medications or hospitalization for the patient. • 4. when a patient admits to vague homicidal intent, the therapist must ascertain who the intended victim is. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. when a patient admits to homicidal intent, the therapist must attempt to warn the intended victim and must tell the police, as well as take further steps such as securing medications or hospitalization for the patient. (correct answer) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 3. Several school age children are playing handball during recess. Which of the following statements might be made if the children are in Piaget's stage of autonomous morality? • 1. It's okay to change the rules if we all agree. • 2. It is wrong to break the rules of the game. • 3. You're cheating, so I'm not going to play anymore. • 4. You're cheating, so I'm going to tell on you. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. It's okay to change the rules if we all agree. (correct answer) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 2 4. Meta-analysis involves: • 1. combining the results of different studies into an effect size while assigning greater weight to studies that are of better quality. • 2. reanalyzing data from different studies and combining the results into an effect size. • 3. comparing different studies and calculating an effect size without taking into consideration how each study was conducted. • 4. combining the results of studies into an effect size. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. combining the results of studies into an effect size. (correct answer) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 5. Which of the following is true regarding the influence of members of a group who hold minority views? • 1. Minority views are likely to have an immediate effect on the group if the group who holds minority views is relatively large. • 2. Minority views are more likely to have a delayed effect on the group provided that group members with minority views persist in their views. • 3. Minority views are more likely to have an influence on the group when members who hold minority views make a small concession early in the discussion. • 4. Minority views are more likely to have an influence on the group when the minority voice is met with relatively little disapproval by group members who hold majority views. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Minority views are more likely to have a delayed effect on the group provided that group members with minority views persist in their views. (correct answer) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 6. You terminate short-term treatment with a patient who was diagnosed with an adjustment disorder. Several weeks later, you receive a phone call from the patient, who tells you that he feels depressed and is experiencing suicidal intent. What would be the best response to this situation? • 1. Refer the patient to another therapist since treatment was terminated several weeks ago. • 2. Meet with him once to assess his current situation and then refer him out. • 3. See him until the crisis subsides. • 4. Resume treatment and address the underlying roots of the current depression. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. See him until the crisis subsides. (correct answer, your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 7. According to the "Big 5" model, the five basic personality traits are: • 1. neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extroversion, openness to experience. 5 16. Dr. Z. is referred a patient by a managed care company for a brief evaluation. Due to contract constraints, the patient is referred out for treatment after the evaluation. The treating therapist meets with Dr. Z. and pays Dr. Z. a fee. In this case, the fee is: • 1. unethical, because fees should not be based on referrals. • 2. ethical, as long as this is a one-time arrangement. • 3. ethical, as long as the fee is based on the consultation. • 4. ethical, because the psychologist performed the evaluation. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. ethical, as long as the fee is based on the consultation. (correct answer) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 17. A 16-year-old boy has recently begun to exhibit apathy, hypersexuality, poor concentration and little need for sleep. The most likely diagnosis for him would be: • 1. borderline personality disorder. • 2. bipolar disorder. • 3. schizophrenia. • 4. ADHD. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. bipolar disorder. (correct answer, your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 18. When is the impact of poor nutrition most detrimental? • 1. During infancy and early childhood. • 2. During adolescence. • 3. During old age. • 4. During the perinatal period. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. During the perinatal period. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 19. The benefits of flextime are thought to come from employees: • 1. experiencing more freedom and control. • 2. being able to work fewer total hours each week. • 3. enjoying the benefits of a shorter work week and longer weekend. • 4. feeling more responsibility and challenge on their jobs. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. experiencing more freedom and control. (correct answer, your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 20. According to behaviorists, depression is the result of: • 1. not enough reinforcement from the environment. • 2. too much punishment from the environment. • 3. maladaptive thinking. 6 • 4. genetic predisposition. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. not enough reinforcement from the environment. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 21. To help a child overcome a phobia, you would most likely: • 1. follow live or symbolic modeling with guided participation. • 2. follow live modeling with symbolic modeling. • 3. follow participant modeling with live modeling. • 4. use guided participation before live or symbolic modeling. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. follow live or symbolic modeling with guided participation. (correct answer, your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 22. Which of the following statements is true regarding communication in cultures considered to be high-context? • 1. People focus more on how the message is communicated. • 2. Greater emphasis is placed on choosing the right words to express the message. • 3. People prefer to sit or stand close to the person they are talking to. • 4. People focus more on the content of the message. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. People focus more on how the message is communicated. (correct answer) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 23. Which one of the following is not considered to be among the most useful biographical information (biodata)? • 1. Parents' socioeconomic status. • 2. Birth order. • 3. Social popularity. • 4. Hobbies and interests. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Birth order. (correct answer) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 24. What does the Ethics Code say about the care and termination of animals in research? • 1. Termination of animals in research is prohibited. • 2. It is unethical to use animals in research. • 3. If the animal's life must be terminated, it should be done as quickly and as painlessly as possible. • 4. Termination of animals in research is permissible if the study has "prospective scientific value." - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. If the animal's life must be terminated, it should be done as quickly and as painlessly as possible. (correct answer) 7 COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 25. A surgeon elects not to perform a serious operation on her father. In considering the Yerkes- Dodson law, what can be said about this surgeon's decision? • 1. She made the wrong decision because a high level of arousal facilitates optimal task performance. • 2. She made the wrong decision only if her arousal would have exceeded the optimal level for conducting the operation. • 3. She made a correct decision since her arousal would have been too low for the operation. • 4. She made a correct decision because her arousal would have been too high for performing the task. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. She made a correct decision because her arousal would have been too high for performing the task. (correct answer) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 26. Five teams enter a ski jump competition. Each team is allowed up to four members. Each team member is allowed only one jump, and the team with the member who jumps the farthest is declared the winning team. This is an example of a(n): • 1. disjunctive task. • 2. conjunctive task. • 3. aggregate task. • 4. additive task. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. disjunctive task. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 27. Frequently patients report significant positive changes within the first few sessions of therapy. This improvement is likely: • 1. to manifest as a reduction in somatic complaints. • 2. due to an increased sense of hope. • 3. related to insights obtained in therapy. • 4. a placebo effect. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. due to an increased sense of hope. (correct answer) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 28. The number one cause of death among adolescents and young adults is: • 1. homicide. • 2. suicide. • 3. motor vehicle accidents. • 4. illegal drugs. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. motor vehicle accidents. (correct answer, your response) 10 • 3. increase alpha. • 4. increase beta. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. increase beta. (correct answer) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 38. Which of the following is associated with brainstorming in a small group? • 1. Social loafing. • 2. Social inhibition. • 3. Social dilemmas. • 4. Social facilitation. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Social inhibition. (correct answer) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 39. The block design and picture arrangement subtests of the WISC-III measure: • 1. freedom from distractibility. • 2. processing speed. • 3. verbal comprehension. • 4. perceptual organization. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. perceptual organization. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 40. Which of the following is least closely associated with a high level of job satisfaction? • 1. Independence on tasks. • 2. Recognition for good work. • 3. Good salary. • 4. Opportunities for advancement. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. Good salary. (correct answer, your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 41. A prisoner of war is told he will be tortured unless he reveals military secrets. He refuses. After an hour of torture, he continues to refuse. After two more hours, he finally reveals the secrets. This scenario depicts: • 1. escape behavior. • 2. avoidance behavior. • 3. positive punishment. • 4. negative punishment. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. escape behavior. (correct answer, your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 42. Reactance describes: 11 • 1. client behaviors that inhibit the progress of therapy. • 2. exaggeration of symptoms. • 3. refusing to comply with a suggestion. • 4. turning back onto oneself what one wants to do to others. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. refusing to comply with a suggestion. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 43. Elements of overcorrection include: • 1. physical guidance and negative reinforcement. • 2. physical guidance and reparation. • 3. reparation and punishment. • 4. restitution and positive reinforcement. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. physical guidance and reparation. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 44. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the tenets of the health belief model? • 1. People believe that exercise and good nutrition are important for promoting good health. • 2. People believe that emotional stability is instrumental in maintaining good health. • 3. People increase their healthy habits if they feel more in control of their health. • 4. People believe that it is important to have regular visits with physicians in order to maintain good health. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. People increase their healthy habits if they feel more in control of their health. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 45. Which of the following complaints is most frequently cited by interns against supervisors? • 1. Sexual harassment. • 2. Untimely feedback. • 3. Lack of competence. • 4. Inadequate supervision. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Untimely feedback. (correct answer) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 46. As validity approaches the value of 1.0, what happens to the standard error of the estimate? • 1. It approaches 1.0. • 2. It approaches 0.0. • 3. It approaches the standard deviation of the predictor. • 4. It approaches the standard deviation of the criterion. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. It approaches 0.0. (correct answer, your response) 12 BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 47. A woman feels throbbing on one side of the head that intensifies during activity. She is most likely experiencing: • 1. a muscle contraction headache. • 2. sinusitis. • 3. a migraine headache. • 4. a cluster headache. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. a migraine headache. (correct answer, your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 48. What can be said about a Kappa coefficient of .90? • 1. It indicates a high degree of interrater reliability. • 2. It indicates a high degree of reliability after adjustments made with the correction for attenuation formula. • 3. It indicates good criterion-related validity. • 4. It suggests high split-half reliability after correction with the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. It indicates a high degree of interrater reliability. (correct answer) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 49. Most research supports the idea that children who watch more television are more aggressive. This finding is best explained by: • 1. social learning theory. • 2. frustration-aggression hypothesis. • 3. social influence. • 4. deindividuation. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. social learning theory. (correct answer, your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 50. The focus of reality therapy is on helping the client: • 1. minimize negative consequences of actions. • 2. examine actions and values. • 3. examine prior behaviors, and improve the capacity to become aware of new options. • 4. improve self-understanding and ability to communicate with others. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. examine actions and values. (correct answer, your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 15 • 4. Dementia and other cognitive disorders seem to be equally prevalent among persons of low and high SES. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. Non-psychotic disorders are more prevalent among individuals of higher SES. (correct answer) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 59. A researcher is interested in whether there are differences between four different teaching styles for students of three different SES levels. The F ratio for teaching style (A) = 4.7*. The F ratio for SES (B) = 1.7. The F ratio for the Interaction (AxB) = .9. *= p < .05. It is safe to conclude that: • 1. significant differences for teaching style and SES were found. • 2. significant differences for SES and a significant interaction effect were found. • 3. a significant interaction effect was found. • 4. significant differences for teaching style were found. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. significant differences for teaching style were found. (correct answer) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 60. A child has a history of engaging in driven, repetitive, nonfunctional behaviors, such as body rocking and self-hitting. These symptoms are most characteristic of: • 1. autistic disorder. • 2. chronic motor tic disorder. • 3. stereotypic movement disorder. • 4. obsessive-compulsive disorder. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. stereotypic movement disorder. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 61. Jung described the archetypes as primordial images and ideas common to all members of the race from the beginning of life. Jung believed that archetypes are aspects of the: • 1. id. • 2. ego. • 3. personal unconscious. • 4. collective unconscious. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. collective unconscious. (correct answer, your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 62. You are treating a six-year-old girl in individual therapy following the divorce of her parents. Occasionally, you have family sessions with her father, who is the custodial parent. You notice that after spending a week with her mother, the girl seems high-strung and clings to her father. Which of the following statements best describes your understanding of this situation? 16 • 1. The girl's presentation is consistent with abuse. • 2. The girl's presentation is consistent with a separation-anxiety disorder. • 3. The girl's presentation is probably a normal response. • 4. The girl's presentation indicates that she is having difficulty with the divorce and custody arrangements, and it would therefore be advisable to limit visits with her mother to briefer periods of time. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. The girl's presentation is probably a normal response. (correct answer) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 63. You have a chemistry exam scheduled in two days. You studied chemistry yesterday and most of today. If you study physics tomorrow, what is most likely to happen when you take your exam? • 1. You will experience retroactive interference for chemistry. • 2. You will experience proactive interference for chemistry. • 3. You will experience decay of your knowledge of chemistry. • 4. You will experience problems with consolidation of your chemistry knowledge. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. You will experience retroactive interference for chemistry. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 64. After cardiac bypass surgery, a 60-year-old man experiences a sudden disturbance of consciousness, with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention. Appropriate interventions would include any of the following except: • 1. use of an anti-psychotic medication. • 2. placing a television set in the patient's room. • 3. temporarily prohibiting family members from visiting. • 4. supportive therapy including fluid and electrolyte maintenance. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. temporarily prohibiting family members from visiting. (correct answer) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 65. A patient reports experiencing recurrent, intrusive thoughts about contamination. Consequently, she frequently engages in repetitive behaviors that seem to reduce her distress. She reports she believes these thoughts and her behaviors are unreasonable and excessive. The class of medications that would be used to treat her is: • 1. mood-stabilizers. • 2. anti-depressants. • 3. anxiolytics. • 4. anti-psychotics. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. temporarily prohibiting family members from visiting. (correct answer) 17 ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 66. Your patient tells you that one of your colleagues has been having a sexual relationship with one of his patients. What would be the best course of action in this situation? • 1. Report the psychologist to an ethics board yourself as the code requires that you take action when you become aware of another psychologist's misconduct. • 2. Encourage your client to report the psychologist to an ethics board. • 3. Attempt to contact the psychologist first and confront him with the inappropriateness of his actions. • 4. Attempt to seek an informal resolution first, if possible, and if not, report your colleague to the board. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Encourage your client to report the psychologist to an ethics board. (correct answer) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 67. Which of the following statements is accurate with regard to reporting of symptoms and seeking treatment? • 1. Women tend to report symptoms more accurately than men. • 2. Persons of lower SES are less likely to report symptoms. • 3. Men are more likely to report having distressing symptoms than women. • 4. Men are more likely to seek medical treatment than women. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. Women tend to report symptoms more accurately than men. (correct answer, your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 68. It has been argued that memory problems in the elderly are due more to difficulties with retrieval than encoding. Support for this contention is based on the fact that: • 1. elderly persons do better on tasks of recognition than recall. • 2. elderly persons exhibit declines in short-term memory. • 3. elderly persons perform better on ecological tasks of memory than tasks presented in memory labs. • 4. elderly persons perform better on memory tasks involving biographical information. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. elderly persons do better on tasks of recognition than recall. (correct answer, your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 69. A procedure that compares an employee to all other employees in a work group is called: • 1. BARS. • 2. graphic rating. • 3. forced distribution. 20 • 4. Highly intelligent leaders may have difficulty relating to their subordinates and may not make good leaders. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Intelligent people generally make good leaders. (correct answer) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 78. A father brings in his daughter for psychological testing in order to assess her intellectual and academic potential. When discussing the results, you would be advised to do all of the following except: • 1. discuss any limitations of the tests. • 2. discuss the specific test scores obtained. • 3. discuss the results in terms of the child's strengths and weaknesses. • 4. discuss appropriate recommendations based on the results. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. discuss the specific test scores obtained. (correct answer, your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 79. One aspect of scoring a Rorschach protocol includes developmental quality, which involves looking at: • 1. the degree of integration of the response. • 2. the degree of accuracy with which the shape of the response matches the blot. • 3. the type and quantity of specific subject categories perceived in the responses. • 4. the area of the blot that the person used to develop the response. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. the degree of integration of the response. (correct answer) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 80. The most likely medical explanation for trembling, sweating, weight loss, nausea, restlessness, and dizziness, would be: • 1. Cushing's disease. • 2. hypothyroidism. • 3. Grave's disease. • 4. withdrawal from opioids. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. Grave's disease. (correct answer) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 81. A patient who experiences mild head trauma is most likely to show deficits in: • 1. sensory memory. • 2. procedural memory. • 3. recent memory. • 4. remote memory. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. recent memory. (correct answer, your response) 21 GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 82. Research on cognitive changes associated with aging have generally supported which of the following set of findings? • 1. Decreased attention, intact short-term memory, improved problem solving. • 2. Intact attention on simple tasks, decreased processing speed, improved verbal abilities. • 3. Intact fluid abilities, decreased crystallized abilities, difficulty with long-term memory retrieval. • 4. Decreased problem-solving, decreased cognitive speed, increased cognitive flexibility. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Intact attention on simple tasks, decreased processing speed, improved verbal abilities. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 83. All of the following interventions are commonly used in cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches except: • 1. activity scheduling. • 2. behavioral rehearsal. • 3. modeling. • 4. empathy. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. empathy. (correct answer, your response) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 84. Which of the following statements is true regarding open-head and closed-head injuries? • 1. Loss of consciousness more commonly occurs in closed-head injuries. • 2. Focal impairments more commonly occur in closed-head injuries. • 3. Open-head injuries more commonly are characterized by a general loss of complex cognitive functions. • 4. Both open-head and closed-head injuries generally involve diffuse impairment. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Focal impairments more commonly occur in closed-head injuries. ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 85. You are asked by a girl's parents to evaluate her cognitive functioning. You learn that the girl was born in Spain, and that she is bilingual. During the course of the evaluation, you begin to suspect that she may have difficulties with English. You do not speak Spanish, and therefore you bring this up with the parents and suggest that she be evaluated by someone who is Spanish- speaking. However, the parents state that they feel comfortable with you and do not want her to see someone else. What would be the best course of action in this situation? • 1. Proceed with the evaluation to see if your suspicions are justified; if so, bring this up again with the parents. • 2. Continue to evaluate her but seek supervision. 22 • 3. Administer non-verbal measures that do not require knowledge of English. • 4. Refer her out. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. Refer her out. (correct answer) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 86. Which of the following factors is least likely to contribute to a reduction of aggression? • 1. Reduction of frustration levels. • 2. Enhancement of deindividuation. • 3. Teaching alternative behavioral responses. • 4. Superordinate goals. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Enhancement of deindividuation. (correct answer, your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 87. A man presents to a therapist's office, complaining that he has trouble making up his mind about his career and hobbies. He explains that he often procrastinates, can't stick with one thing, loses focus, and that his interests shift frequently. In addition, he experiences feelings of inadequacy. These are most likely symptoms of: • 1. ADHD. • 2. Schizoid Personality Disorder. • 3. Borderline Personality Disorder. • 4. Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. ADHD. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 88. A person is able to watch the news on television while the radio is playing and a conversation is being held in the background. This is an example of: • 1. dichotic listening. • 2. sustained attention. • 3. selective attention. • 4. simultaneous attention - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. selective attention. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 89. A client executes an appropriate release of information, and requests that his test data be sent to an attorney. Dr. Assessor sends the attorney all of the test data, including scoring sheets, raw scores, and his own notes of in-session client behavior. Dr. Assessor has acted: • 1. unethically, because he included raw data, and raw data may never be released to an individual who lacks the competence to interpret them. • 2. ethically. 25 • 1. avoid punishment. • 2. fulfill one's duty to society. • 3. enhance social welfare. • 4. gain approval. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. enhance social welfare. (correct answer, your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 98. In the first session of structural family therapy, the therapist is most likely to: • 1. join the family but not challenge their interactions. • 2. start to slowly challenge their interactions. • 3. establish him or herself as the authority. • 4. begin immediately to unbalance the family system. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. join the family but not challenge their interactions. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 99. You read the section of your materials that describes the stages of memory. Then you take this practice test and remember all of the material. However, when you go to take the licensing exam four weeks later and a question comes up in this area, you "draw a blank." The most likely explanation is that: • 1. this is a manifestation of the Zeigarnik effect. • 2. the information did not reach long-term memory because short-term memory capacity was exceeded. • 3. the information reached long-term memory, however, difficulty with memory accessing was occurring. • 4. the information reached long-term memory, however, problems with proactive interference were being manifest. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. the information reached long-term memory, however, difficulty with memory accessing was occurring. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 100. All of the following statements are accurate descriptions of Gestalt therapy except: • 1. the goal of therapy is enhancing communication with self and others. • 2. contact with the self and others is the key for change. • 3. questions by clients are encouraged as they tend to foster self-awareness. • 4. therapy focuses on experience and affective expression rather than cognitions. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. questions by clients are encouraged as they tend to foster self-awareness. (correct answer) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 26 101. A gay man who is in the stage of identity pride is most likely to identify with which of the following? • 1. A sense of his homosexuality as better than another's heterosexuality. • 2. A tolerance of his homosexuality, while seeing heterosexuality as preferred. • 3. A feeling that neither homosexuality not heterosexuality is better, but rather both are valued. • 4. A feeling that heterosexuality is definitely preferred, and homosexuality is devalued. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. A sense of his homosexuality as better than another's heterosexuality. (correct answer, your response) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 102. A researcher who wants to include the smallest number of predictors in a stepwise multiple regression would be best advised to: • 1. include similar predictors. • 2. make sure the predictors are moderately correlated with the criterion. • 3. use the correction for attenuation formula. • 4. replicate the study on a different sample. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. replicate the study on a different sample. (correct answer) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 103. Of the following statements, which best describes current contemporary beliefs about development? • 1. Genes and environment each contribute about equally to development. • 2. Genes determine the course and pace of development. • 3. Genes and environment together shape development. • 4. In most areas of development, genes will be expressed regardless of environmental exposure. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. Genes and environment together shape development. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 104. You have been treating a man in individual therapy for the past three months. This man has not shown for the past three sessions, and owes you money for an additional four sessions. How should you address this situation? • 1. Terminate treatment as he is not meeting his financial obligations. • 2. Contact him in order to receive payment. • 3. Discuss the situation during your next contact with him. 27 • 4. Refer him out as he does not seem to be benefiting from treatment. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. Discuss the situation during your next contact with him. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 105. A woman witnesses a robbery in the park. What is she most likely to remember about this incident a week later? • 1. She will recall the events that took place the day of the robbery. • 2. She will remember the event in terms of other incidents of robbery witnessed before. • 3. She will remember the events that took place right after the robbery. • 4. She will recall the events that took place immediately before and during the robbery. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. She will recall the events that took place immediately before and during the robbery. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 106. Research on aversive conditioning for paraphilias has found that it is: • 1. generally effective for some paraphilias, but not others. • 2. moderately effective, but it has a high recidivism rate. • 3. generally ineffective. • 4. moderately effective, but not as effective as self-regulation procedures. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. moderately effective, but it has a high recidivism rate. (correct answer) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 107. Which of the following is true regarding dream deprivation? • 1. It gradually results in less need for REM sleep. • 2. It can produce significant impairment in emotional regulation. • 3. It can result in difficulty in memory formation. • 4. It can produce impairment on verbal tasks. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. It can result in difficulty in memory formation. (correct answer) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 108. To qualify for a diagnosis of mental retardation, a person must show significant deficits in adaptive functioning (e.g., communication, self-care) as well as subaverage intellectual functioning, with an onset prior to age 18. Subaverage intellectual functioning is defined as an IQ score of: • 1. below 85. • 2. 70 or below. • 3. 50 or below. 30 • 4. there is a positive correlation between number of risk factors and developmental psychopathology. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. there is a positive correlation between number of risk factors and developmental psychopathology. (correct answer) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 117. Which endocrine gland(s) control(s) reproductive functions in men and women? • 1. The hypothalamus. • 2. The gonads. • 3. The adrenal cortex. • 4. The pancreas. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. The gonads. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 118. You have been treating a woman who has a history of childhood physical abuse. She informs you that in the last week she lost her temper with one of her children, and hit him with a belt on his bare bottom. She expresses tremendous guilt and remorse, and swears she will never behave like this again. Which of the following would be your best course of action? • 1. Report the abuse during the session. • 2. Work to help your client enhance her coping resources (e.g., mobilizing support, learning stress management techniques, improve parenting skills). • 3. Work to maintain the therapeutic alliance, address the cycle of violence in your therapy with her, and focus treatment on helping her get over her own abuse, in order to prevent further abuse of her children. • 4. Make a child abuse report only if the situation recurs. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. Report the abuse during the session. (correct answer) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 119. Which of the following statements is true about kleptomania? • 1. The person steals in order to express anger or vengeance. • 2. The person steals objects for their monetary value. • 3. The impulse to steal is ego-dystonic. • 4. The theft is almost always premeditated. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. The impulse to steal is ego-dystonic. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 120. You have been treating a psychologist in your private practice for the past few months. During a session, he expresses rage toward one of his patients and voices imminent intent to harm this patient. What should you do? • 1. Maintain confidentiality since this man is your patient. 31 • 2. Keep this information to yourself since you do not want to breach confidentiality by identifying the name of this man's patient. • 3. Address the implications of your patient's behavior if he chooses to act on his impulses. • 4. Notify the police and the intended victim. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. Notify the police and the intended victim. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 121. Based on Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following interventions would be most effective in terms of reducing boredom and increasing motivation in a group of factory workers? • 1. Increasing salary. • 2. Vertically expanding job responsibilities. • 3. Horizontally expanding job responsibilities. • 4. Implementing job enlargement. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Vertically expanding job responsibilities. (correct answer) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 122. According to Vygotsky, what is involved with working in the zone of proximal development? • 1. Providing the child with assistance in completing a task. • 2. Providing the child with assistance at the level the child seems to need it. • 3. Providing the child with assistance until she can master a task on her own. • 4. Providing the child with assistance that is appropriate to the child's age. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Providing the child with assistance at the level the child seems to need it. (correct answer) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 123. In spite of the fact that a father tells his young children that he loves them, he rarely smiles at them, and never hugs or kisses them. The children feel unloved based on their interpretation of the their father's: • 1. kinesics. • 2. proxemics. • 3. paralanguage. • 4. immersion-emersion. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. kinesics. (correct answer) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 124. Psychologists' professional behavior is regulated by: • 1. the courts. • 2. state and local psychological associations. 32 • 3. state boards. • 4. the Ethics Code. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. state boards. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 125. A woman who is experiencing symptoms of anxiety is seeing a psychologist for short-term therapy. She was referred by her physician after she witnessed a bank robbery in which a clerk was shot and wounded. This is an example of: • 1. primary prevention. • 2. secondary prevention. • 3. tertiary prevention. • 4. brief therapy. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. secondary prevention. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 126. A person who is repressing one side of her feelings, while accentuating the other side, is said to be engaging in: • 1. splitting. • 2. reaction formation. • 3. sublimation. • 4. rationalization. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. reaction formation. (correct answer) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 127. Which of the following best defines the model of antisocial behavior developed by G. R. Patterson? • 1. Antisocial behavior results from a predictable developmental sequence of experiences. • 2. Antisocial behavior is modeled by the parent(s) through excessive discipline. • 3. Antisocial behavior is genetically determined. • 4. Children learn antisocial behavior primarily through affiliation with deviant peer groups. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. Antisocial behavior results from a predictable developmental sequence of experiences. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 128. You are treating an adolescent who suffers from an eating disorder. After minimal progress in family therapy, you bring up the idea of observing the adolescent at home with her parents. The parents refuse, and state they would be uncomfortable having you come to their home. How should you respond? • 1. Continue to emphasize the clinical importance of observing the adolescent in the home. • 2. Work on helping the family accept your expert opinion. • 3. Address the underlying reasons for their refusal to allow you to observe them in the home. 35 136. In a research laboratory, a ten-month-old crawls across the visual cliff only when the mother is present at the other end, with her arms open and smiling at the baby. This is an example of: • 1. the development of depth perception. • 2. social referencing. • 3. modeling. • 4. secure attachment. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. social referencing. (correct answer, your response) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 137. A group of very anxious patients is selected based on elevated scores on Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Each subject is administered eight sessions of biofeedback assisted relaxation training, and is then measured on the STAI post-treatment. The greatest threat to the validity of this research is: • 1. regression to the mean. • 2. history. • 3. selection. • 4. instrumentation. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. regression to the mean. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 138. Graduate students Sally and Jennifer collaborate with a faculty member on a large research project. Both Sally and Jennifer write their master's theses based on parts of this research. When the faculty member submits an article based on this research, he lists himself as first author. This faculty member has acted: • 1. unethically, because students should always receive first authorship on articles based on their master's theses. • 2. unethically, because two separate articles should have been authored. • 3. ethically, if the publication credits are an accurate representation of the contributions made by each of the researchers. • 4. ethically, if the faculty member discussed publication credits with Sally and Jennifer early in the process, and they were agreeable to this arrangement. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. ethically, if the publication credits are an accurate representation of the contributions made by each of the researchers. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 139. A person who has been diagnosed with terminal cancer asks, "Why me?" According to Kubler-Ross, this is characteristic of which emotional stage? 36 • 1. Denial. • 2. Depression. • 3. Bargaining. • 4. Anger. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. Anger. (correct answer) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 140. Edwin, a four-year-old boy, often throws a tantrum when he does not get his way. His parents consult with a psychologist who tells them to have Edwin sit on the stairs by himself for ten minutes when he begins to throw a tantrum. This psychologist is recommending that the parents use: • 1. extinction. • 2. positive punishment. • 3. negative reinforcement. • 4. negative punishment. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. negative punishment. (correct answer, your response) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 141. Agranulocytosis is associated with which of the following medications? • 1. Clozapine. • 2. Thorazine. • 3. Phenelzine. • 4. Lithium Carbonate. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. Clozapine. (correct answer) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 142. In the course of therapy, it becomes clear that your patient has become sexually attracted to you. Even after you process this with your patient at length, the attraction intensifies, to the point that it is clearly interfering with treatment. What is the next step that you should take in this situation? • 1. Seek therapy to explore any countertransference you may be having. • 2. Explain to the patient that sexual feelings are not appropriate, given the boundaries of the therapy relationship. • 3. Seek consultation. • 4. Refer the patient out to another therapist. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. Seek consultation. (correct answer, your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 143. As opposed to normative conformity, informational conformity is most likely to: • 1. occur when the task is ambiguous. 37 • 2. occur when minority members perceive themselves as similar to the majority. • 3. result in public compliance but not private acceptance. • 4. take place when the group does not have consensus. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. occur when the task is ambiguous. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 144. Motivation that leads to involvement in an activity without environmental reinforcement is called: • 1. intrinsic. • 2. internal. • 3. extrinsic. • 4. external. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. intrinsic. (correct answer, your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 145. Oversensitivity to rejection and criticism, and social inhibition are characteristic of: • 1. borderline personality disorder. • 2. avoidant personality disorder. • 3. dependent personality disorder. • 4. narcissistic personality disorder. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. avoidant personality disorder. (correct answer, your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 146. Self psychology interventions developed by Kohut emphasize: • 1. addressing developmental deficits. • 2. confrontation of resistance. • 3. addressing developmental conflicts. • 4. analysis of the transference. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. addressing developmental deficits. (correct answer) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 147. Which of the following is true about the capacity of working memory? • 1. It can hold a limited amount of information for an unlimited time. • 2. It can hold an unlimited amount of information for a limited time. • 3. It can hold an unlimited amount of information for an unlimited time. • 4. It can hold a limited amount of information for a limited time. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. It can hold a limited amount of information for a limited time. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 40 SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 156. Which of the following statements is true regarding gender and leadership? • 1. No significant differences have been found between the leadership styles of women and men. • 2. Group members tend to turn to male bosses more commonly than female bosses for information about how to complete a task. • 3. Most women prefer a female boss while most men prefer a male boss. • 4. Female bosses tend to be more strict in order to overcome the biases that exist against women and to establish authority. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Group members tend to turn to male bosses more commonly than female bosses for information about how to complete a task. (correct answer) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 157. The trait that has been associated with successful job performance across all occupations is considered to be: • 1. emotional stability. • 2. agreeableness. • 3. conscientiousness. • 4. extroversion. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. conscientiousness. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 158. When working with persons from different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds, psychologists should be aware of all of the following, except: • 1. the impact that socioeconomic status and political factors have on the functioning of different groups. • 2. the nature of each patient's sociocultural identity and affiliation. • 3. the importance of promoting growth in each patient with the goal of fulfilling each patient's potential for independence. • 4. the limitations of therapeutic techniques and methods of assessment in working with ethnically diverse groups. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. the importance of promoting growth in each patient with the goal of fulfilling each patient's potential for independence. (correct answer, your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 159. According to Piaget, development characterized by which of the following is most likely to account for separation protest? • 1. Symbolic representations. • 2. Object permanence. 41 • 3. Irreversibility. • 4. Egocentric thinking. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Object permanence. (correct answer) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 160. Which of the following is true regarding the effect of minor tranquilizers? • 1. They can act as a mild stimulant. • 2. They generally do not result in tolerance or withdrawal. • 3. They can reduce high levels of stress. • 4. They are most useful if taken regularly and on a long-term basis. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. They can reduce high levels of stress. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 161. You are the owner of a restaurant and want to make the atmosphere more appealing by adding soft lights and warm colors. If you do so, this will probably have the effect of: • 1. causing normal weight people to become thinner. • 2. causing overweight people to become more overweight. • 3. causing normal weight people to become more overweight. • 4. causing overweight people to become thinner. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. causing overweight people to become more overweight. (correct answer, your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 162. A Caucasian teenager is knifed and killed near his home. Based on the research on adolescent homicide, his attacker most likely is: • 1. African American. • 2. Hispanic American. • 3. Caucasian. • 4. Asian American. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. Caucasian. (correct answer) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 163. In a study of the effects of psychiatric symptoms on work performance, it was found that hallucinations and insomnia were orthogonal. One can therefore conclude that: • 1. hallucinations and insomnia were correlated. • 2. hallucinations and insomnia were not correlated. • 3. both hallucinations and insomnia were predictive of work performance. • 4. hallucinations and insomnia should not both be entered into a regression equation because of potential problems with multicollinearity. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. hallucinations and insomnia were not correlated. (correct answer, your response) 42 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 164. A child is generally unresponsive when called by name by teachers or peers in school, and tends to speak out of turn in a loud yet somewhat inarticulate fashion. This child should be evaluated for: • 1. hearing problems. • 2. Autism. • 3. ADHD. • 4. seizure disorder. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. hearing problems. (correct answer, your response) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 165. A 76-year-old man who just came out of surgery exhibits visual hallucinations, does not recognize his relatives, and cannot recall why he is in the hospital. He is most likely experiencing: • 1. anterograde amnesia. • 2. retrograde amnesia. • 3. dementia. • 4. delirium. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. delirium. (correct answer, your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 166. A 12-month-old infant exposed to the Strange Situation Procedure responds to the mother's return with initial enthusiasm, immediately followed by detachment. This child is most likely: • 1. anxious-avoidant. • 2. anxious-ambivalent. • 3. insecurely attached. • 4. slow-to-warm-up. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. anxious-ambivalent. (correct answer) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 167. Habituation is distinguished from extinction in that: • 1. extinction involves repeated exposure to a US until it no longer elicits the UR. • 2. habituation involves repeated exposure to a CS until the CS no longer elicits the CR. • 3. extinction involves repeated exposure to a CS until it no longer elicits the CR. • 4. habituation occurs when a primary reinforcer loses its reinforcing quality from being presented too much. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. extinction involves repeated exposure to a CS until it no longer elicits the CR. (correct answer, your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 45 GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 177. According to Piaget, constructivism refers to: • 1. the child's ability to recognize that an object can retain its basic characteristics even though it might change form. • 2. the child's ability to gain new knowledge by interacting with others. • 3. the child's ability to gain new knowledge by interacting with objects and events in the environment. • 4. the child's ability to develop abstract thought and reflect about oneself. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. the child's ability to gain new knowledge by interacting with objects and events in the environment. (correct answer, your response) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 178. An inverted U relationship can be interpreted with which of the following coefficients? • 1. Eta. • 2. Pearson r. • 3. Biserial. • 4. Tetrachoric. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. Eta. (correct answer) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 179. You have started seeing a patient whose therapy is being covered by her insurance company. After your initial session, you diagnose this woman with major depressive disorder and narcissistic personality disorder. Which of the following describes your best course of action in terms of reporting her diagnoses to the insurance company? • 1. You should report both diagnoses to the insurance company. • 2. You should not report her diagnoses to the insurance company as that would breach confidentiality. • 3. You should only report the Axis I diagnosis as insurance companies do not provide coverage for people with Axis II disorders. • 4. You should only report the Axis II diagnosis if you believe that it has contributed to her major depressive disorder. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. You should report both diagnoses to the insurance company. (correct answer, your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 180. Which of the following statements best describes the benefit of a realistic job preview? • 1. It reduces misconceptions about the job. • 2. It is helpful for selecting managers. • 3. It increases longevity of employment. 46 • 4. It exposes a manager to different aspects of the organization. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. It increases longevity of employment. (correct answer) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 181. Which of the following statements typifies a person's reaction to an event according to two-factor theory? • 1. The person experiences autonomic arousal, and then has an emotional reaction. • 2. The person experiences autonomic arousal and an emotional reaction to the event simultaneously. • 3. The person experiences autonomic arousal, then cognitively interprets the arousal, and then experiences an emotion. • 4. The person experiences autonomic arousal, then experiences an emotion, and then cognitively interprets the emotion. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. The person experiences autonomic arousal, then cognitively interprets the arousal, and then experiences an emotion. (correct answer, your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 182. At a rally three months before an important election, a political candidate would probably want to speak: • 1. before all the other candidates. • 2. after all the other candidates. • 3. amid the other candidates. • 4. in any order, as long as the audience is of at least moderate intelligence. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. before all the other candidates. (correct answer, your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 183. Which one of the following theories of leadership addresses decision-making and the continuum of leader behavior, from autocratic to complete participation? • 1. Vroom and Yetton's normative theory. • 2. House's path-goal theory. • 3. Fiedler's contingency theory. • 4. Graen's vertical dyadic linkage theory. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. Vroom and Yetton's normative theory. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 184. What does the Ethics Code say with regard to sexual relationships with former therapy clients, and therapy with former sexual partners? • 1. Both may be ethically permissible depending on the circumstances. 47 • 2. Both are considered unethical conduct. • 3. The former may be permissible, while the latter is absolutely prohibited. • 4. The latter may be permissible, but the former is absolutely prohibited. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. The former may be permissible, while the latter is absolutely prohibited. (correct answer, your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 185. What can be said about the effect of early stimulation on the development of motor skills in infants and preschoolers? • 1. Regardless of early stimulation, these skills cannot be achieved earlier. • 2. Infants who experience early stimulation can achieve motor skills earlier than those who do not, however, there are no long-term differences between these groups. • 3. Infants who experience early stimulation achieve motor skills earlier than those who do not, and these differences are generally maintained. • 4. Infants who do not experience early stimulation experience lags in motor development. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. Infants who experience early stimulation can achieve motor skills earlier than those who do not, however, there are no long-term differences between these groups. (correct answer, your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 186. All of the following statements about separation anxiety disorder are true except: • 1. it is equally common in males and females in clinical samples. • 2. it is related to the style of parenting. • 3. the symptom pattern is fairly consistent across the ages. • 4. this disorder is experienced by adults. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. the symptom pattern is fairly consistent across the ages. (correct answer) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 187. An elementary school student has just learned the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY G BIV. This is an example of which memory enhancing strategy? • 1. The method of loci. • 2. The pegword system. • 3. Word association. • 4. Substitute word system. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. Word association. (correct answer) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 188. What does the term "minority marginalization" describe? 50 • 2. congruent occupations are those that either match the predominant theme, or match the theme directly opposite of the predominant theme. • 3. scores on the six themes can be useful predictors of career success. • 4. a match between a person's personality and occupation results in job satisfaction. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. a match between a person's personality and occupation results in job satisfaction. (correct answer, your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 196. Which of the following statements about the serial position effect is accurate? • 1. Uncompleted tasks are better recalled as compared with completed tasks. • 2. Items at the beginning of a list are better recalled as compared with items in the middle or at the end of a list. • 3. Items at the beginning and at the end of a list are better recalled as compared with items in the middle of a list. • 4. Items at the beginning and in the middle of a list are better recalled as compared with items at the end of a list. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. Items at the beginning and at the end of a list are better recalled as compared with items in the middle of a list. (correct answer, your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 197. The multitrait-multimethod matrix is conducted in order to establish: • 1. content validity. • 2. discriminant validity. • 3. face validity. • 4. predictive validity. - CORRECT ANSWER>>2. discriminant validity. (correct answer, your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 198. The best friend of your seven-year-old daughter just died in a car accident. What does the research suggest would be the best way to handle the situation? • 1. It would be better not to tell your child that her friend died, because it could unnecessarily fuel fears about her own death and future death of family members. • 2. It would not be of benefit to tell your child that her friend died, because children this age cannot cognitively comprehend the meaning of death. • 3. Whether or not to tell your child that her friend died should depend on your child's level of emotional maturity. • 4. Tell your child that her friend died, because an open, honest discussion will contribute to her emotional well-being. - CORRECT ANSWER>>4. Tell your child that her friend died, because 51 an open, honest discussion will contribute to her emotional well-being. (correct answer, your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 199. Privilege is: • 1. both a legal and an ethical issue, and it is held by the client. • 2. a legal issue, and it is held by the client and the court. • 3. a legal issue, and it is held by the client. • 4. a legal issue, and it is held jointly by the client and therapist. - CORRECT ANSWER>>3. a legal issue, and it is held by the client. (correct answer, your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 200. Which of the following would a behaviorist use to treat depression? • 1. Social skills training. • 2. Changing maladaptive perceptions. • 3. Anger management. • 4. Thought stopping. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1. Social skills training. (correct answer, your response)