EPPP PSYCHOLOGY LICENSING EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED AN, Exams of Psychology

Download EPPP PSYCHOLOGY LICENSING EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED AN and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! EPPP PSYCHOLOGY LICENSING EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 1. Which of the following describes postconcussion syndrome? • 1. Irritability, fatigue, and headaches. • 2. Loss of consciousness for minutes to an hour. • 3. Loss of consciousness for hours to days. •4. Headaches and numbness on one side of the body. - correct answers 1. Irritability, fatigue, and headaches. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 2. According to the Tarasoff II ruling: • 1. a therapist has a duty to protect when he or she becomes aware of a potential homicidal situation in the course of therapy. • 2. when a patient admits to homicidal intent and there is a "reasonably identifiable victim," the therapist has a duty to warn the intended victim as well as the police. • 3. when a patient admits to homicidal intent, the therapist must attempt to warn the intended victim and must tell the police, as well as take further steps such as securing medications or hospitalization for the patient. • 4. when a patient admits to vague homicidal intent, the therapist must ascertain who the intended victim is. - correct answers 3. when a patient admits to homicidal intent, the therapist must attempt to warn the intended victim and must tell the police, as well as take further steps such as securing medications or hospitalization for the patient. ( correct answers ) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 3. Several school age children are playing handball during recess. Which of the following statements might be made if the children are in Piaget's stage of autonomous morality? • 1. It's okay to change the rules if we all agree. • 2. It is wrong to break the rules of the game. • 3. You're cheating, so I'm not going to play anymore. • 4. You're cheating, so I'm going to tell on you. - correct answers 1. It's okay to change the rules if we all agree. ( correct answers ) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 4. Meta-analysis involves: • 1. combining the results of different studies into an effect size while assigning greater weight to studies that are of better quality. • 2. reanalyzing data from different studies and combining the results into an effect size. • 3. comparing different studies and calculating an effect size without taking into consideration how each study was conducted. • 4. combining the results of studies into an effect size. - correct answers 4. combining the results of studies into an effect size. ( correct answers ) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 5. Which of the following is true regarding the influence of members of a group who hold minority views? • 1. Minority views are likely to have an immediate effect on the group if the group who holds minority views is relatively large. • 2. Minority views are more likely to have a delayed effect on the group provided that group members with minority views persist in their views. • 3. Minority views are more likely to have an influence on the group when members who hold minority views make a small concession early in the discussion. • 4. Minority views are more likely to have an influence on the group when the minority voice is met with relatively little disapproval by group members who hold majority views. - correct answers 2. Minority views are more likely to have a • 3. Echoic memory. • 4. Short-term memory. - correct answers • 1. Sensory memory. ( correct answers ) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 12. On which of the following WAIS-III subtests would you expect an elderly person to evidence the most decline? • 1. Arithmetic. • 2. Vocabulary. • 3. Letter-Number Sequencing. • 4. Digit Span. - correct answers 3. Letter-Number Sequencing. ( correct answers , your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 13. Which of the following statements about interpersonal therapy (IPT) for depression is inaccurate? • 1. Its goal is to improve relationships. • 2. It is commonly combined with medication. • 3. It is practiced on a short-term basis. • 4. It emphasizes current conflicts and intrapsychic issues. - correct answers 4. It emphasizes current conflicts and intrapsychic issues. ( correct answers ) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 14. A person who believes that people who are white are superior to blacks is in which stage of Helms's model of white racial identity development? • 1. Reintegration. • 2. Immersion. • 3. Pseudo-independence. • 4. Disintegration. - correct answers 1. Reintegration. ( correct answers ) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 15. When would the administration of Ritalin to a child with ADHD be contraindicated? • 1. If tics are present. • 2. If the child has a learning disorder. • 3. If the child has conduct problems. • 4. If the child has comorbid depression. - correct answers 1. If tics are present. ( correct answers ) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 16. Dr. Z. is referred a patient by a managed care company for a brief evaluation. Due to contract constraints, the patient is referred out for treatment after the evaluation. The treating therapist meets with Dr. Z. and pays Dr. Z. a fee. In this case, the fee is: • 1. unethical, because fees should not be based on referrals. • 2. ethical, as long as this is a one-time arrangement. • 3. ethical, as long as the fee is based on the consultation. • 4. ethical, because the psychologist performed the evaluation. - correct answers 3. ethical, as long as the fee is based on the consultation. ( correct answers ) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 17. A 16-year-old boy has recently begun to exhibit apathy, hypersexuality, poor concentration and little need for sleep. The most likely diagnosis for him would be: • 1. borderline personality disorder. • 2. bipolar disorder. • 3. schizophrenia. • 4. ADHD. - correct answers 2. bipolar disorder. ( correct answers , your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 18. When is the impact of poor nutrition most detrimental? • 1. During infancy and early childhood. • 2. During adolescence. • 3. During old age. • 4. During the perinatal period. - correct answers 4. During the perinatal period. ( correct answers , your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 19. The benefits of flextime are thought to come from employees: • 1. experiencing more freedom and control. • 2. being able to work fewer total hours each week. • 3. enjoying the benefits of a shorter work week and longer weekend. • 4. feeling more responsibility and challenge on their jobs. - correct answers 1. experiencing more freedom and control. ( correct answers , your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 20. According to behaviorists, depression is the result of: • 1. not enough reinforcement from the environment. • 2. too much punishment from the environment. • 3. maladaptive thinking. • 4. genetic predisposition. - correct answers 1. not enough reinforcement from the environment. ( correct answers ) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 21. To help a child overcome a phobia, you would most likely: • 1. follow live or symbolic modeling with guided participation. 27. Frequently patients report significant positive changes within the first few sessions of therapy. This improvement is likely: • 1. to manifest as a reduction in somatic complaints. • 2. due to an increased sense of hope. • 3. related to insights obtained in therapy. • 4. a placebo effect. - correct answers 2. due to an increased sense of hope. ( correct answers ) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 28. The number one cause of death among adolescents and young adults is: • 1. homicide. • 2. suicide. • 3. motor vehicle accidents. • 4. illegal drugs. - correct answers 3. motor vehicle accidents. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 29. A psychologist accepts into treatment the wife of her own therapist. According to APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2002), the psychologist's behavior is: • 1. possibly ethical, because multiple relationships are not inherently unethical. • 2. unethical, because of the high likelihood that the psychologist's objectivity and competence will be impaired. • 3. unethical, because multiple relationships are unethical except "in the most unusual circumstances." • 4. possibly ethical, unless there is a risk of exploitation or harm to the client. - correct answers 2. unethical, because of the high likelihood that the psychologist's objectivity and competence will be impaired. ( correct answers ) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 30. Kuder-Richardson is a: • 1. measure of inter-rater reliability. • 2. method of estimating reliability if the number of items is increased or decreased. • 3. coefficient of stability. • 4. measure of internal consistency derived by analyzing all possible split-halves. - correct answers • 4. measure of internal consistency derived by analyzing all possible split-halves. ( correct answers , your response) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 31. Patients displaying euphoria or apathy following a head trauma likely suffered damage to the: • 1. right hemisphere. • 2. left hemisphere. • 3. cerebellum. • 4. corpus collosum. - correct answers 1. right hemisphere. ( correct answers , your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 32. A person who has been diagnosed with deep dyslexia would be most likely to: • 1. read "tap" instead of "pat." • 2. read "come" as "comb." • 3. read "couch" instead of "chair." • 4. read "strong" as "stroke." - correct answers 3. read "couch" instead of "chair." ( correct answers ) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 33. You walk into a restaurant and smell a meal that reminds you of a gathering in your grandmother's house when you were five. This is an example of: • 1. redintegration. • 2. a flashbulb memory. • 3. retrieval. • 4. recognition. - correct answers 1. redintegration. ( correct answers ) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 34. Which of the following is not a purpose of group therapy? • 1. Assisting individuals to recognize the "universality" of their problems. • 2. Assisting individuals to develop a sense of "basic trust." • 3. Helping individuals develop a sense of belonging. • 4. Helping individuals develop new ways of responding to their environment. - correct answers 2. Assisting individuals to develop a sense of "basic trust." ( correct answers ) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 35. The "best interests of the child" is the guiding principle in which of the following situations? • 1. Foster placement. • 2. Custody. • 3. Placement in academic settings. • 4. Decision as to whether a child should testify in court. - correct answers 2. Custody. ( correct answers , your response) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 36. Akathisia refers to: • 1. restlessness and dysphoria. • 2. shuffling gait and tremor. • 3. apathy and decrease in voluntary movements. • 2. physical guidance and reparation. • 3. reparation and punishment. • 4. restitution and positive reinforcement. - correct answers 2. physical guidance and reparation. ( correct answers , your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 44. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the tenets of the health belief model? • 1. People believe that exercise and good nutrition are important for promoting good health. • 2. People believe that emotional stability is instrumental in maintaining good health. • 3. People increase their healthy habits if they feel more in control of their health. • 4. People believe that it is important to have regular visits with physicians in order to maintain good health. - correct answers 3. People increase their healthy habits if they feel more in control of their health. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 45. Which of the following complaints is most frequently cited by interns against supervisors? • 1. Sexual harassment. • 2. Untimely feedback. • 3. Lack of competence. • 4. Inadequate supervision. - correct answers 2. Untimely feedback. ( correct answers ) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 46. As validity approaches the value of 1.0, what happens to the standard error of the estimate? • 1. It approaches 1.0. • 2. It approaches 0.0. • 3. It approaches the standard deviation of the predictor. • 4. It approaches the standard deviation of the criterion. - correct answers 2. It approaches 0.0. ( correct answers , your response) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 47. A woman feels throbbing on one side of the head that intensifies during activity. She is most likely experiencing: • 1. a muscle contraction headache. • 2. sinusitis. • 3. a migraine headache. • 4. a cluster headache. - correct answers 3. a migraine headache. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 48. What can be said about a Kappa coefficient of .90? • 1. It indicates a high degree of interrater reliability. • 2. It indicates a high degree of reliability after adjustments made with the correction for attenuation formula. • 3. It indicates good criterion-related validity. • 4. It suggests high split-half reliability after correction with the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula. - correct answers 1. It indicates a high degree of interrater reliability. ( correct answers ) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 49. Most research supports the idea that children who watch more television are more aggressive. This finding is best explained by: • 1. social learning theory. • 2. frustration-aggression hypothesis. • 3. social influence. • 4. deindividuation. - correct answers 1. social learning theory. ( correct answers , your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 50. The focus of reality therapy is on helping the client: • 1. minimize negative consequences of actions. • 2. examine actions and values. • 3. examine prior behaviors, and improve the capacity to become aware of new options. • 4. improve self-understanding and ability to communicate with others. - correct answers 2. examine actions and values. ( correct answers , your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 51. In terms of attachment, early deprivation has been found to have: • 1. mostly irreversible consequences, and to have progressive impact on the child's interpersonal relationships. • 2. mostly irreversible consequences, however, the effects may be somewhat mitigated depending on the amount of nurturance received later. • 3. reversible consequences, depending on the child's cognitive ability. • 4. reversible consequences, depending on the nature of the child's subsequent relationships. - correct answers 4. reversible consequences, depending on the nature of the child's subsequent relationships. ( correct answers ) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 52. You have been treating a 17-year-old boy in individual therapy. In a session, he discloses that he is feeling suicidal. Which of the following is your best course of action? • 1. Maintain his confidentiality. • 1. The prevalence rates of schizophrenia in different cultures are virtually the same, though the symptom presentation tends to be different and more specific to the culture. • 2. Depressive disorders tend to manifest similarly across cultures, most commonly including feelings of guilt and worthlessness. • 3. Non-psychotic disorders are more prevalent among individuals of higher SES. • 4. Dementia and other cognitive disorders seem to be equally prevalent among persons of low and high SES. - correct answers 3. Non-psychotic disorders are more prevalent among individuals of higher SES. ( correct answers ) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 59. A researcher is interested in whether there are differences between four different teaching styles for students of three different SES levels. The F ratio for teaching style (A) = 4.7*. The F ratio for SES (B) = 1.7. The F ratio for the Interaction (AxB) = .9. *= p < .05. It is safe to conclude that: • 1. significant differences for teaching style and SES were found. • 2. significant differences for SES and a significant interaction effect were found. • 3. a significant interaction effect was found. • 4. significant differences for teaching style were found. - correct answers 4. significant differences for teaching style were found. ( correct answers ) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 60. A child has a history of engaging in driven, repetitive, nonfunctional behaviors, such as body rocking and self-hitting. These symptoms are most characteristic of: • 1. autistic disorder. • 2. chronic motor tic disorder. • 3. stereotypic movement disorder. • 4. obsessive-compulsive disorder. - correct answers 3. stereotypic movement disorder. ( correct answers ) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 61. Jung described the archetypes as primordial images and ideas common to all members of the race from the beginning of life. Jung believed that archetypes are aspects of the: • 1. id. • 2. ego. • 3. personal unconscious. • 4. collective unconscious. - correct answers 4. collective unconscious. ( correct answers , your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 62. You are treating a six-year-old girl in individual therapy following the divorce of her parents. Occasionally, you have family sessions with her father, who is the custodial parent. You notice that after spending a week with her mother, the girl seems high-strung and clings to her father. Which of the following statements best describes your understanding of this situation? • 1. The girl's presentation is consistent with abuse. • 2. The girl's presentation is consistent with a separation-anxiety disorder. • 3. The girl's presentation is probably a normal response. • 4. The girl's presentation indicates that she is having difficulty with the divorce and custody arrangements, and it would therefore be advisable to limit visits with her mother to briefer periods of time. - correct answers 3. The girl's presentation is probably a normal response. ( correct answers ) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 63. You have a chemistry exam scheduled in two days. You studied chemistry yesterday and most of today. If you study physics tomorrow, what is most likely to happen when you take your exam? • 1. You will experience retroactive interference for chemistry. • 2. You will experience proactive interference for chemistry. • 3. You will experience decay of your knowledge of chemistry. • 4. You will experience problems with consolidation of your chemistry knowledge. - correct answers 1. You will experience retroactive interference for chemistry. ( correct answers ) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 64. After cardiac bypass surgery, a 60-year-old man experiences a sudden disturbance of consciousness, with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention. Appropriate interventions would include any of the following except: • 1. use of an anti-psychotic medication. • 2. placing a television set in the patient's room. • 3. temporarily prohibiting family members from visiting. • 4. supportive therapy including fluid and electrolyte maintenance. - correct answers 3. temporarily prohibiting family members from visiting. ( correct answers ) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 65. A patient reports experiencing recurrent, intrusive thoughts about contamination. Consequently, she frequently engages in repetitive behaviors that seem to reduce her distress. She reports she believes these thoughts and her behaviors are unreasonable and excessive. The class of medications that would be used to treat her is: • 1. mood-stabilizers. • 2. anti-depressants. • 3. anxiolytics. • 4. anti-psychotics. - correct answers 3. temporarily prohibiting family members from visiting. ( correct answers ) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 66. Your patient tells you that one of your colleagues has been having a sexual relationship with one of his patients. What would be the best course of action in this situation? • 2. at the time that the first session is scheduled. • 3. before the end of the first session. • 4. before the first payment is made. - correct answers 1. as early as feasible. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 73. When using a predictor test for hiring decisions, a psychologist involved in the hiring process for a company would be most likely to increase the predictor cutoff in order to: • 1. increase the number of successful employees who are hired based on the test. • 2. reduce the number of unsuccessful employees who are hired based on the test. • 3. increase the number of unsuccessful employees who are not hired based on the test. • 4. decrease the number of successful employees who are not hired based on the test. - correct answers 2. reduce the number of unsuccessful employees who are hired based on the test. ( correct answers , your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 74. The saying "opposites attract" is supported by which of the following hypotheses? • 1. Reciprocity hypothesis. • 2. Complementarity hypothesis. • 3. Matching hypothesis. • 4. Propinquity hypothesis. - correct answers 2. Complementarity hypothesis. ( correct answers ) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 75. You are a psychologist in private practice. You are seeing a 12-year-old boy who was ordered by the court to receive treatment after suffering physical and emotional abuse by his parents. The boy was removed from his parents' home, but was recently reunited with them and is being brought to therapy by them. After several weeks of seeing this boy alone, his parents demand to know what is going on in his treatment and threaten to take him out of treatment if you do not cooperate. How should you respond to this situation? • 1. Include the parents in a family session. • 2. Provide the parents with some information about the boy's treatment. • 3. Protect the boy's confidentiality. • 4. Talk to the boy's social worker. - correct answers 4. Talk to the boy's social worker. ( correct answers ) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 76. Which of the following would likely be the most important factor in terms of preventing premature termination of therapy by African American clients? • 1. Race of the therapist. • 2. Client's level of acculturation. • 3. Client's racial identity. • 4. Nature of the client's interactions with the therapist. - correct answers 4. Nature of the client's interactions with the therapist. ( correct answers , your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 77. A number of theories exist about the different traits that contribute to being a good leader. What can be said about the role of intelligence in leadership? • 1. The impact of leadership is generally moderated by other variables, such as the personality type of the leader. • 2. Intelligent people generally make good leaders. • 3. The ability to lead does not seem to be directly related to intelligence. • 4. Highly intelligent leaders may have difficulty relating to their subordinates and may not make good leaders. - correct answers 2. Intelligent people generally make good leaders. ( correct answers ) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 78. A father brings in his daughter for psychological testing in order to assess her intellectual and academic potential. When discussing the results, you would be advised to do all of the following except: • 1. discuss any limitations of the tests. • 2. discuss the specific test scores obtained. • 3. discuss the results in terms of the child's strengths and weaknesses. • 4. discuss appropriate recommendations based on the results. - correct answers 2. discuss the specific test scores obtained. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 79. One aspect of scoring a Rorschach protocol includes developmental quality, which involves looking at: • 1. the degree of integration of the response. • 2. the degree of accuracy with which the shape of the response matches the blot. • 3. the type and quantity of specific subject categories perceived in the responses. • 4. the area of the blot that the person used to develop the response. - correct answers 1. the degree of integration of the response. ( correct answers ) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 80. The most likely medical explanation for trembling, sweating, weight loss, nausea, restlessness, and dizziness, would be: • 1. Cushing's disease. • 2. hypothyroidism. • 2. Enhancement of deindividuation. • 3. Teaching alternative behavioral responses. • 4. Superordinate goals. - correct answers 2. Enhancement of deindividuation. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 87. A man presents to a therapist's office, complaining that he has trouble making up his mind about his career and hobbies. He explains that he often procrastinates, can't stick with one thing, loses focus, and that his interests shift frequently. In addition, he experiences feelings of inadequacy. These are most likely symptoms of: • 1. ADHD. • 2. Schizoid Personality Disorder. • 3. Borderline Personality Disorder. • 4. Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent. - correct answers 1. ADHD. ( correct answers , your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 88. A person is able to watch the news on television while the radio is playing and a conversation is being held in the background. This is an example of: • 1. dichotic listening. • 2. sustained attention. • 3. selective attention. • 4. simultaneous attention - correct answers 3. selective attention. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 89. A client executes an appropriate release of information, and requests that his test data be sent to an attorney. Dr. Assessor sends the attorney all of the test data, including scoring sheets, raw scores, and his own notes of in-session client behavior. Dr. Assessor has acted: • 1. unethically, because he included raw data, and raw data may never be released to an individual who lacks the competence to interpret them. • 2. ethically. • 3. unethically, because he should only have released a summary of the tests results to the attorney, and the raw data directly to the client. • 4. ethically, as long as the release form included information about the possible risks of releasing raw test data to unqualified individuals. - correct answers 2. ethically. ( correct answers ) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 90. Which of the following statements is most accurate about traditional neuroleptic drugs? • 1. They are more effective in reducing negative than positive symptoms. • 2. All of them may result in parkinsonian symptoms. • 3. Only the more potent drugs have been shown to lead to tardive dyskinesia. • 4. Taking "drug holidays" significantly reduces the risk of developing tardive dyskinesia. - correct answers 2. All of them may result in parkinsonian symptoms. ( correct answers ) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 91. A young boy is brought to see you for treatment by his parents. You are told that he has virtually no friends, has a hard time interacting with others, and does not like to try new activities. You notice, however, that he speaks without any difficulty, and shows no signs of cognitive deficits. You would most likely diagnose him with: • 1. autistic disorder. • 2. Asperger's disorder. • 3. Tourette's disorder. • 4. oppositional defiant disorder. - correct answers 2. Asperger's disorder. ( correct answers , your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 92. The highest rates of aggression in boys have been found: • 1. in homes in which one or both parents is deceased. • 2. in families with divorced parents. • 3. in homes in which the father is present. • 4. in homes in which the father is absent. - correct answers 3. in homes in which the father is present. ( correct answers ) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 93. All of the following are commonly treated using principles of reciprocal inhibition except: • 1. specific phobias. • 2. smoking. • 3. paraphilias. • 4. agoraphobia. - correct answers 4. agoraphobia. ( correct answers ) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 94. Adolescents go through stages in order to form a mature identity. An adolescent who is at the identity status of foreclosure would: • 1. be committed to a goal after having explored several alternatives. • 2. be in the process of exploration but not yet committed to a goal. • 3. have accepted a ready-made identity that an authority figure may have chosen. • 4. not be committed to clear goals, nor be actively trying to reach them. - correct answers 3. have accepted a ready-made identity that an authority figure may have chosen. ( correct answers ) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR • 3. questions by clients are encouraged as they tend to foster self-awareness. • 4. therapy focuses on experience and affective expression rather than cognitions. - correct answers 3. questions by clients are encouraged as they tend to foster self-awareness. ( correct answers ) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 101. A gay man who is in the stage of identity pride is most likely to identify with which of the following? • 1. A sense of his homosexuality as better than another's heterosexuality. • 2. A tolerance of his homosexuality, while seeing heterosexuality as preferred. • 3. A feeling that neither homosexuality not heterosexuality is better, but rather both are valued. • 4. A feeling that heterosexuality is definitely preferred, and homosexuality is devalued. - correct answers 1. A sense of his homosexuality as better than another's heterosexuality. ( correct answers , your response) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 102. A researcher who wants to include the smallest number of predictors in a stepwise multiple regression would be best advised to: • 1. include similar predictors. • 2. make sure the predictors are moderately correlated with the criterion. • 3. use the correction for attenuation formula. • 4. replicate the study on a different sample. - correct answers 4. replicate the study on a different sample. ( correct answers ) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 103. Of the following statements, which best describes current contemporary beliefs about development? • 1. Genes and environment each contribute about equally to development. • 2. Genes determine the course and pace of development. • 3. Genes and environment together shape development. • 4. In most areas of development, genes will be expressed regardless of environmental exposure. - correct answers 3. Genes and environment together shape development. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 104. You have been treating a man in individual therapy for the past three months. This man has not shown for the past three sessions, and owes you money for an additional four sessions. How should you address this situation? • 1. Terminate treatment as he is not meeting his financial obligations. • 2. Contact him in order to receive payment. • 3. Discuss the situation during your next contact with him. • 4. Refer him out as he does not seem to be benefiting from treatment. - correct answers 3. Discuss the situation during your next contact with him. ( correct answers , your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 105. A woman witnesses a robbery in the park. What is she most likely to remember about this incident a week later? • 1. She will recall the events that took place the day of the robbery. • 2. She will remember the event in terms of other incidents of robbery witnessed before. • 3. She will remember the events that took place right after the robbery. • 4. She will recall the events that took place immediately before and during the robbery. - correct answers 4. She will recall the events that took place immediately before and during the robbery. ( correct answers ) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 106. Research on aversive conditioning for paraphilias has found that it is: • 1. generally effective for some paraphilias, but not others. • 2. moderately effective, but it has a high recidivism rate. • 3. generally ineffective. • 4. moderately effective, but not as effective as self-regulation procedures. - correct answers 2. moderately effective, but it has a high recidivism rate. ( correct answers ) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 107. Which of the following is true regarding dream deprivation? • 1. It gradually results in less need for REM sleep. • 2. It can produce significant impairment in emotional regulation. • 3. It can result in difficulty in memory formation. • 4. It can produce impairment on verbal tasks. - correct answers 3. It can result in difficulty in memory formation. ( correct answers ) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 108. To qualify for a diagnosis of mental retardation, a person must show significant deficits in adaptive functioning (e.g., communication, self-care) as well as subaverage intellectual functioning, with an onset prior to age 18. Subaverage intellectual functioning is defined as an IQ score of: • 1. below 85. • 2. 70 or below. • 3. 50 or below. • 4. below 25. - correct answers 2. 70 or below. ( correct answers , your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 109. Which of the following statements about immigration is most accurate? • 1. Persons who are assimilated into the dominant culture are better off psychologically than those who are acculturated, because they experience less conflict. • 1. one continuous variable and one dichotomous variable. • 2. two dichotomous variables. • 3. reliability and validity. • 4. three or more variables. - correct answers 1. one continuous variable and one dichotomous variable. ( correct answers ) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 116. Researchers such as Garmezy and Rutter have studied risk and protective factors in development. In designing interventions to reduce the impact of risk factors on development, one should keep in mind that: • 1. males and females demonstrate approximately equivalent degrees of resiliency throughout childhood and adolescence. • 2. there is a positive correlation between severity of risk factors and developmental psychopathology. • 3. the interaction between risk and protective factors loses significance with increasing age. • 4. there is a positive correlation between number of risk factors and developmental psychopathology. - correct answers 4. there is a positive correlation between number of risk factors and developmental psychopathology. ( correct answers ) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 117. Which endocrine gland(s) control(s) reproductive functions in men and women? • 1. The hypothalamus. • 2. The gonads. • 3. The adrenal cortex. • 4. The pancreas. - correct answers 2. The gonads. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 118. You have been treating a woman who has a history of childhood physical abuse. She informs you that in the last week she lost her temper with one of her children, and hit him with a belt on his bare bottom. She expresses tremendous guilt and remorse, and swears she will never behave like this again. Which of the following would be your best course of action? • 1. Report the abuse during the session. • 2. Work to help your client enhance her coping resources (e.g., mobilizing support, learning stress management techniques, improve parenting skills). • 3. Work to maintain the therapeutic alliance, address the cycle of violence in your therapy with her, and focus treatment on helping her get over her own abuse, in order to prevent further abuse of her children. • 4. Make a child abuse report only if the situation recurs. - correct answers 1. Report the abuse during the session. ( correct answers ) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 119. Which of the following statements is true about kleptomania? • 1. The person steals in order to express anger or vengeance. • 2. The person steals objects for their monetary value. • 3. The impulse to steal is ego-dystonic. • 4. The theft is almost always premeditated. - correct answers 3. The impulse to steal is ego-dystonic. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 120. You have been treating a psychologist in your private practice for the past few months. During a session, he expresses rage toward one of his patients and voices imminent intent to harm this patient. What should you do? • 1. Maintain confidentiality since this man is your patient. • 2. Keep this information to yourself since you do not want to breach confidentiality by identifying the name of this man's patient. • 3. Address the implications of your patient's behavior if he chooses to act on his impulses. • 4. Notify the police and the intended victim. - correct answers 4. Notify the police and the intended victim. ( correct answers , your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 121. Based on Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following interventions would be most effective in terms of reducing boredom and increasing motivation in a group of factory workers? • 1. Increasing salary. • 2. Vertically expanding job responsibilities. • 3. Horizontally expanding job responsibilities. • 4. Implementing job enlargement. - correct answers 2. Vertically expanding job responsibilities. ( correct answers ) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 122. According to Vygotsky, what is involved with working in the zone of proximal development? • 1. Providing the child with assistance in completing a task. • 2. Providing the child with assistance at the level the child seems to need it. • 3. Providing the child with assistance until she can master a task on her own. • 4. Providing the child with assistance that is appropriate to the child's age. - correct answers 2. Providing the child with assistance at the level the child seems to need it. ( correct answers ) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 123. In spite of the fact that a father tells his young children that he loves them, he rarely smiles at them, and never hugs or kisses them. The children feel unloved based on their interpretation of the their father's: • 1. kinesics. • 3. During an exam, a student is better able to recall the information that he learned in the classroom than what he studied at home. • 4. A student who was feeling anxious while studying for the licensing exam performs better on the exam when she is anxious. - correct answers 3. During an exam, a student is better able to recall the information that he learned in the classroom than what he studied at home. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 130. A ten-year-old repeatedly awakens from sleep with a loud scream, and shows signs of fear and autonomic arousal. She is confused and disoriented, and unresponsive to others. Later, however, she does not remember the episode. These episodes are most likely occurring during _______ sleep, and are consistent with a diagnosis of _________. • 1. REM, sleep terror disorder. • 2. REM, nightmare disorder. • 3. stage 4, sleep terror disorder. • 4. stage 4, nightmare disorder. - correct answers 3. stage 4, sleep terror disorder. ( correct answers , your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 131. Classic psychoanalytic theory states that the ego performs all of the following functions except: • 1. control of instinctual expression. • 2. determining rules of conduct. • 3. awareness of consequences of behavior. • 4. relationship with reality. - correct answers 2. determining rules of conduct. ( correct answers ) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 132. Under which of the following conditions is a group likely to generate the most effective solution to a problem? • 1. The group has a directive leader. • 2. Members of the group feel connected with each other. • 3. Members of the group know each other's strengths and limitations. • 4. Members of the group are similar in terms of abilities and ideas. - correct answers 3. Members of the group know each other's strengths and limitations. ( correct answers , your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 133. A person is able to recite a poem from memory that he heard at a poetry reading two hours ago. This is an example of which type of memory? • 1. Remote memory. • 2. Working memory. • 3. Implicit memory. • 4. Recent memory. - correct answers 4. Recent memory. ( correct answers ) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 134. A researcher who is studying attitudes toward abortion surveys a sample of African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and Caucasians in four geographic regions (West, East, South and the Midwest). The researcher is doing so to optimize: • 1. external validity. • 2. internal validity. • 3. construct validity. • 4. reliability. - correct answers 1. external validity. ( correct answers ) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 135. Which of the following describes the most effective form of flooding? • 1. The patient is exposed to the feared stimulus for a prolonged period. • 2. The patient is exposed to the feared stimulus for repeated, intermittent periods. • 3. The patient is exposed to the feared stimulus when the fear is excessively heightened. • 4. The patient is exposed to the feared stimulus for a brief period until the fear is excessively heightened. - correct answers 1. The patient is exposed to the feared stimulus for a prolonged period. ( correct answers , your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 136. In a research laboratory, a ten-month-old crawls across the visual cliff only when the mother is present at the other end, with her arms open and smiling at the baby. This is an example of: • 1. the development of depth perception. • 2. social referencing. • 3. modeling. • 4. secure attachment. - correct answers 2. social referencing. ( correct answers , your response) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 137. A group of very anxious patients is selected based on elevated scores on Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Each subject is administered eight sessions of biofeedback assisted relaxation training, and is then measured on the STAI post-treatment. The greatest threat to the validity of this research is: • 1. regression to the mean. • 2. history. • 3. selection. • 4. instrumentation. - correct answers 1. regression to the mean. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 138. Graduate students Sally and Jennifer collaborate with a faculty member on a large research project. Both Sally and Jennifer write their master's theses based COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 144. Motivation that leads to involvement in an activity without environmental reinforcement is called: • 1. intrinsic. • 2. internal. • 3. extrinsic. • 4. external. - correct answers 1. intrinsic. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 145. Oversensitivity to rejection and criticism, and social inhibition are characteristic of: • 1. borderline personality disorder. • 2. avoidant personality disorder. • 3. dependent personality disorder. • 4. narcissistic personality disorder. - correct answers 2. avoidant personality disorder. ( correct answers , your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 146. Self psychology interventions developed by Kohut emphasize: • 1. addressing developmental deficits. • 2. confrontation of resistance. • 3. addressing developmental conflicts. • 4. analysis of the transference. - correct answers 1. addressing developmental deficits. ( correct answers ) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 147. Which of the following is true about the capacity of working memory? • 1. It can hold a limited amount of information for an unlimited time. • 2. It can hold an unlimited amount of information for a limited time. • 3. It can hold an unlimited amount of information for an unlimited time. • 4. It can hold a limited amount of information for a limited time. - correct answers 4. It can hold a limited amount of information for a limited time. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 148. You have been treating a patient in therapy for the past several months. This patient owes you money for several sessions, but has missed her appointments for the past six sessions. You receive a release of information signed by the patient requesting treatment information from another psychologist whom the patient recently started seeing. How should you respond to this situation? • 1. Refuse to send the information, but do not disclose the reason to the psychologist in order to protect the patient's confidentiality. • 2. Refuse to send records because the patient owes you for several sessions. • 3. Contact the patient and inform her that you will send the information after she pays you the amount she owes. • 4. Cooperate with the request and send the necessary information. - correct answers 4. Cooperate with the request and send the necessary information. ( correct answers , your response) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 149. All of the following medications reduce sexual arousal except: • 1. SSRIs. • 2. TCAs. • 3. stimulants. • 4. phenothiazines. - correct answers 3. stimulants. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 150. To increase reliability, you could: • 1. increase subject homogeneity and increase the number of test items. • 2. decrease subject homogeneity and decrease the number of test items. • 3. increase subject homogeneity and decrease the number of test items. • 4. decrease subject homogeneity and increase the number of test items. - correct answers 4. decrease subject homogeneity and increase the number of test items. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 151. Second authorship on a paper would be least appropriate in which of the following situations? • 1. The person performed data analysis and interpretation. • 2. The person contributed to the development of the underlying concepts and structure of the project. • 3. The person was involved in data collection. • 4. The person was involved in developing the design of the study and selecting subjects. - correct answers 3. The person was involved in data collection. ( correct answers , your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 152. Which of the following is the most common nutritional problem among the elderly? • 1. Vitamin deficiency. • 2. Obesity. • 3. Malnutrition. • 4. Undernutrition. - correct answers 2. Obesity. ( correct answers ) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 153. A patient presents with complaints of sleep-wake cycle disruption. The structure most likely to be implicated in this complaint is the: • 1. hypothalamus. • 2. thalamus. • 1. Symbolic representations. • 2. Object permanence. • 3. Irreversibility. • 4. Egocentric thinking. - correct answers 2. Object permanence. ( correct answers ) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 160. Which of the following is true regarding the effect of minor tranquilizers? • 1. They can act as a mild stimulant. • 2. They generally do not result in tolerance or withdrawal. • 3. They can reduce high levels of stress. • 4. They are most useful if taken regularly and on a long-term basis. - correct answers 3. They can reduce high levels of stress. ( correct answers , your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 161. You are the owner of a restaurant and want to make the atmosphere more appealing by adding soft lights and warm colors. If you do so, this will probably have the effect of: • 1. causing normal weight people to become thinner. • 2. causing overweight people to become more overweight. • 3. causing normal weight people to become more overweight. • 4. causing overweight people to become thinner. - correct answers 2. causing overweight people to become more overweight. ( correct answers , your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 162. A Caucasian teenager is knifed and killed near his home. Based on the research on adolescent homicide, his attacker most likely is: • 1. African American. • 2. Hispanic American. • 3. Caucasian. • 4. Asian American. - correct answers 3. Caucasian. ( correct answers ) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 163. In a study of the effects of psychiatric symptoms on work performance, it was found that hallucinations and insomnia were orthogonal. One can therefore conclude that: • 1. hallucinations and insomnia were correlated. • 2. hallucinations and insomnia were not correlated. • 3. both hallucinations and insomnia were predictive of work performance. • 4. hallucinations and insomnia should not both be entered into a regression equation because of potential problems with multicollinearity. - correct answers 2. hallucinations and insomnia were not correlated. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 164. A child is generally unresponsive when called by name by teachers or peers in school, and tends to speak out of turn in a loud yet somewhat inarticulate fashion. This child should be evaluated for: • 1. hearing problems. • 2. Autism. • 3. ADHD. • 4. seizure disorder. - correct answers 1. hearing problems. ( correct answers , your response) BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 165. A 76-year-old man who just came out of surgery exhibits visual hallucinations, does not recognize his relatives, and cannot recall why he is in the hospital. He is most likely experiencing: • 1. anterograde amnesia. • 2. retrograde amnesia. • 3. dementia. • 4. delirium. - correct answers 4. delirium. ( correct answers , your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 166. A 12-month-old infant exposed to the Strange Situation Procedure responds to the mother's return with initial enthusiasm, immediately followed by detachment. This child is most likely: • 1. anxious-avoidant. • 2. anxious-ambivalent. • 3. insecurely attached. • 4. slow-to-warm-up. - correct answers 2. anxious-ambivalent. ( correct answers ) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 167. Habituation is distinguished from extinction in that: • 1. extinction involves repeated exposure to a US until it no longer elicits the UR. • 2. habituation involves repeated exposure to a CS until the CS no longer elicits the CR. • 3. extinction involves repeated exposure to a CS until it no longer elicits the CR. • 4. habituation occurs when a primary reinforcer loses its reinforcing quality from being presented too much. - correct answers 3. extinction involves repeated exposure to a CS until it no longer elicits the CR. ( correct answers , your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 168. Which of the following theorists would most likely be associated with an emic approach? • 1. Maslow. • 1. Age 30 transition. • 2. Mid-life transition. • 3. Age 50 transition. • 4. Late adulthood. - correct answers 2. Mid-life transition. ( correct answers , your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 176. Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of mental health services by minority individuals? • 1. Overall, minority persons underutilize mental health services. • 2. Overall, minority persons overutilize mental health services. • 3. Minority persons use mental health services about as often as persons of non-minority background. • 4. Minority persons who seek treatment appear to benefit more than persons of non-minority background. - correct answers 1. Overall, minority persons underutilize mental health services. ( correct answers , your response) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 177. According to Piaget, constructivism refers to: • 1. the child's ability to recognize that an object can retain its basic characteristics even though it might change form. • 2. the child's ability to gain new knowledge by interacting with others. • 3. the child's ability to gain new knowledge by interacting with objects and events in the environment. • 4. the child's ability to develop abstract thought and reflect about oneself. - correct answers 3. the child's ability to gain new knowledge by interacting with objects and events in the environment. ( correct answers , your response) RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS 178. An inverted U relationship can be interpreted with which of the following coefficients? • 1. Eta. • 2. Pearson r. • 3. Biserial. • 4. Tetrachoric. - correct answers 1. Eta. ( correct answers ) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 179. You have started seeing a patient whose therapy is being covered by her insurance company. After your initial session, you diagnose this woman with major depressive disorder and narcissistic personality disorder. Which of the following describes your best course of action in terms of reporting her diagnoses to the insurance company? • 1. You should report both diagnoses to the insurance company. • 2. You should not report her diagnoses to the insurance company as that would breach confidentiality. • 3. You should only report the Axis I diagnosis as insurance companies do not provide coverage for people with Axis II disorders. • 4. You should only report the Axis II diagnosis if you believe that it has contributed to her major depressive disorder. - correct answers 1. You should report both diagnoses to the insurance company. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 180. Which of the following statements best describes the benefit of a realistic job preview? • 1. It reduces misconceptions about the job. • 2. It is helpful for selecting managers. • 3. It increases longevity of employment. • 4. It exposes a manager to different aspects of the organization. - correct answers 3. It increases longevity of employment. ( correct answers ) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 181. Which of the following statements typifies a person's reaction to an event according to two-factor theory? • 1. The person experiences autonomic arousal, and then has an emotional reaction. • 2. The person experiences autonomic arousal and an emotional reaction to the event simultaneously. • 3. The person experiences autonomic arousal, then cognitively interprets the arousal, and then experiences an emotion. • 4. The person experiences autonomic arousal, then experiences an emotion, and then cognitively interprets the emotion. - correct answers 3. The person experiences autonomic arousal, then cognitively interprets the arousal, and then experiences an emotion. ( correct answers , your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 182. At a rally three months before an important election, a political candidate would probably want to speak: • 1. before all the other candidates. • 2. after all the other candidates. • 3. amid the other candidates. • 4. in any order, as long as the audience is of at least moderate intelligence. - correct answers 1. before all the other candidates. ( correct answers , your response) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 183. Which one of the following theories of leadership addresses decision-making and the continuum of leader behavior, from autocratic to complete participation? • 1. Vroom and Yetton's normative theory. ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 189. What is a trainability test? • 1. It is used to determine whether someone would benefit from training. • 2. It is used to determine whether the material learned during training has been transferred to the actual job. • 3. It is used to determine whether the material presented during training has been absorbed by the trainees. • 4. It is used to determine what materials to use during training. - correct answers 1. It is used to determine whether someone would benefit from training. ( correct answers ) GROWTH AND LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 190. In comparing life expectancy between men and women, and between white and non-white Americans: • 1. men tend to outlive women, and whites tend to outlive non-whites. • 2. men tend to outlive women, and non-whites tend to outlive whites. • 3. women tend to outlive men, and non-whites tend to outlive whites. • 4. women tend to outlive men, and whites tend to outlive non-whites. - correct answers 4. women tend to outlive men, and whites tend to outlive non-whites. ( correct answers , your response) ETHICAL/LEGAL/PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 191. You are one of a few psychologists who works in a small community. Your best friend's husband requests to see you for therapy because you are the only Christian therapist in town and he is only willing to work with a Christian therapist. Furthermore, he states he is unwilling to travel 50 miles to the next town to seek treatment. How should you respond to this request? • 1. Agree, as long you believe that your objectivity will not be impaired. • 2. Agree, as you are the only Christian therapist in town. • 3. Refuse, if you can ascertain that no harm will come to him if he doesn't receive treatment. • 4. Refuse, given the nature of your connection with him. - correct answers 4. Refuse, given the nature of your connection with him. ( correct answers ) TREATMENT, INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION 192. According to Rehm, depression is caused by: • 1. adopting maladaptive behaviors based on observing one's environment. • 2. adopting a negative view of one's self, the future, and the environment. • 3. negative evaluations of one's behavior, excessive punishment and little reinforcement applied by oneself. • 4. experiencing distressing events, negative interpretations of those events, and maladaptive responses. - correct answers 3. negative evaluations of one's behavior, excessive punishment and little reinforcement applied by oneself. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 193. Which of the following describes banding in personnel selection? • 1. Persons of somewhat different ethnic origin are banded together within broad categories (e.g., a person from Mexico and one from El Salvador are both considered 'Hispanic'). • 2. A variety of potentially significant attributes of each job applicant (e.g., work history, education, recommendations) are banded together to form a composite score. • 3. Groups of interviewers are banded together to form teams, to enhance the reliability and validity of the interview process. • 4. Scores within a given range are considered equivalent. - correct answers 4. Scores within a given range are considered equivalent. ( correct answers , your response) SOCIAL AND MULTICULTURAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR 194. Which of the following theories of attraction focuses on costs and benefits? • 1. Similarity. • 2. Reciprocity. • 3. Social exchange. • 4. Matching. - correct answers 3. Social exchange. ( correct answers , your response) ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 195. Holland's Self-Directed Search questionnaire measures people on six themes or personality types, associated with particular families of occupations. The theory behind the Self-Directed Search is that: • 1. better outcomes are obtained when people make their own career decisions, rather than find themselves influenced by external sources. • 2. congruent occupations are those that either match the predominant theme, or match the theme directly opposite of the predominant theme. • 3. scores on the six themes can be useful predictors of career success. • 4. a match between a person's personality and occupation results in job satisfaction. - correct answers 4. a match between a person's personality and occupation results in job satisfaction. ( correct answers , your response) COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE BASES OF BEHAVIOR 196. Which of the following statements about the serial position effect is accurate? • 1. Uncompleted tasks are better recalled as compared with completed tasks. • 2. Items at the beginning of a list are better recalled as compared with items in the middle or at the end of a list. • 3. Items at the beginning and at the end of a list are better recalled as compared with items in the middle of a list. • 4. Items at the beginning and in the middle of a list are better recalled as compared with items at the end of a list. - correct answers 3. Items at the