Essentials of Pathophysiology 4th edition Porth Test Bank, Exams of Pathophysiology

Download Essentials of Pathophysiology 4th edition Porth Test Bank and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity! Essentials of Pathophysiol ogy 4th edition Porth Test Bank hapter 01 - Cell Structure and Function A) B) c) D) A) B) ° D) A) B) ° D) A) B) c) The nucleus. , which is essential for function and survival of the cell. is the site of protein synthesis contains the genetic code transforms cellular energy initiates aerobic metabolism Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power plants of the cell because they: contain RNA for protein synthesis. utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy. extract energy from organic compounds. store calcium bonds for muscle contractions. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by: bound and transmembrane proteins. complex, long carbohydrate chains. surface antigens and hormone receptors. a gating system of selective ion channels. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that: displace surface receptor proteins. accumulate within cell gap junctions. bind to contractile microfilaments. A) B) ©) D) 14, A) B) c) D) A) B) °) D) 16. A) B) C) D) 17. inadequate sites for protein synthesis. an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane. insufficient energy production within a cell. accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility testing. Semen analysis indicates that the man’s sperm have decreased motility, a finding that is thought to underlie the couple’s inability to become pregnant. Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the man’s sperm? Ribosomes Microtubules Mitochondria Microfilaments Which of the following statements is true of glycolysis? Glycolysis requires oxygen. Glycolysis occurs in cells without mitochondria. Glycolysis provides the majority of the body’s energy needs. Glycolysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest amount of energy? Facilitated diffusion Passive transport Vesicular transport Simple diffusion A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing hyperglycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of glucose transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack intracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the A) Facilitated diffusion B) Simple diffusion Cc) Secondary active transport D) Endocytosis 18. | Which of the following statements is true of skeletal muscle cells? A) Skeletal muscle cells each have an apical, lateral, and basal surface. B) They are closely apposed and are joined by cell-to-cell adhesion molecules. Cc) Their basal surface is attached to a basement membrane. D) Skeletal muscle is multinucleated, lacking true cell boundaries. 19. | Which of the following body tissues exhibits the highest rate of turnover and renewal? A) The squamous epithelial cells of the skin B) The connective tissue supporting blood vessels Cc) The skeletal muscle that facilitates movement D) The nervous tissue that constitutes the central nervous system 20. A patient with a pathophysiologic condition that affects the desmosomes is most likely to exhibit: A) impaired contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle. B) weakness of the collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular space. Cc) impaired communication between neurons and effector organs. D) separation at the junctions between epithelial cells. Answer Key Essentials of Pathophysiology 4th edition Porth Test Bank following processes would best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes? B 10. 11. 12. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. D) A) B) °) D) 10. A) B) © D) 11. A) B) c) D) 12. A) B) bleb formation in the plasma membrane. A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps ona piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell death is characterized by: rapid apoptosis. cellular rupture. shrinkage and collapse. chronic inflammation. A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed: changes with genetic influences. elimination of cell receptor sites. insufficient telomerase enzyme. DNA mutation or faulty repair. An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patient’s decrease in muscle function that underlies her reduced mobility? Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of: changes in cell shape, size, and organization. the presence of unexpected cell types. °) D) A) B) °) D) 14. A) B) °) D) 15. A) B) ° D) 16. A) ischemic changes in cell samples. abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcification? Benign prostatic hyperplasia Liver cirrhosis Impaired glycogen metabolism Hyperparathyroidism Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rationale for the technician’s precautions? Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm. Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells. The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and. swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize? White blood cell levels with differential Red blood cell levels and morphology Urea and creatinine levels Liver function panel A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury? Free radical injury B) ©) D) 17. A) B) °) D) 18. A) B) °) D) 19. A) B) C) D) 20. A) B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion Interference with DNA synthesis Impaired calcium homeostasis Which of the following processes associated with cellular injury is most likely to be reversible? Cell damage resulting from accumulation of fat in the cytoplasm Cellular changes as a result of ionizing radiation Cell damage from accumulation of free radicals Apoptosis The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis can be initiated by: damage to cellular DNA. decreased ATP levels. activation of the p53 protein. activation of death receptors on the cell surface. A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis? Inappropriate activation of apoptosis Bacterial invasion Impaired arterial blood supply Metaplastic cellular changes Which of the following facts underlies the concept of replicative senescence? Genes controlling longevity are present or absent in varying quantities among different individuals. Telomeres become progressively shorter in successive generations of a cell. Chapter 03 - Inflammation, the Inflammatory Response, and Fever A) B) ° D) A) B) ©) D) A) B) ° D) A) B) °) The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include: fever. fatigue. redness. granuloma. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized: bleeding. congestion. pale skin. coolness. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great numbers? Basophils Lymphocytes Neutrophils Platelets The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial step in the process? Engulfment Intracellular killing Antigen margination D) A) B) c) D) A) B) ° D) A) B) ° D) A) B) °C) D) Recognition and adherence Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary permeability and pain? Serotonin Histamine Bradykinin Nitric oxide Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells? Serous Fibrinous Suppurative Membranous The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of inflammation and includes: fever and lethargy. decreased C-reactive protein. positive nitrogen balance. low erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by which of the following phenomena? Profuse fibrinous exudation A shift to the left of granulocytes Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages 9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that: A) stabilize thermal control in the brain. B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. Cc) block viral replication in cells. D) inhibit prostaglandin release. 10. Anolder adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will occur during the vascular stage of the patient’s inflammation? A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces B) Chemotaxis Cc) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris 11. Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of experiencing chronic inflammation? A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism Cc) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle 12. Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range? A) 35.9°C (96.6°F) B) 38.0°C (100.4°F) Cc) 35.5°C (95.9°F) D) 37.3°C (99.1°F)