Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank, Exams of Nursing

Download Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers Chapter 1: Abnormal Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which statement about the field of abnormal psychology is accurate? a. Abnormal psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and modify behaviors associated with various mental health conditions. b. Abnormal psychology is not yet considered a scientific field of research because diagnosis is so subjective. c. Abnormal psychology focuses on the study of only the most bizarre behavior that creates problems for society. d. Abnormal psychology is most interested in narrowing a disorder to specific behavioral factors that can be modified. ANS: A REF: The Field of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.01 Define abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 2. Mental illness results primarily from . a. genetic factors b. environmental factors c. sociocultural factors d. an interaction of many factors ANS: D REF: Introduction OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.01 Define abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 3. Dr. Thompson collects information in order to describe, assess, and understand an individual's psychological disorder. Dr. Thompson is engaged in . a. investigative therapy b. systematic sensitization c. psychodiagnosis d. experimental research ANS: C REF: The Field of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.01 Define abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers 4. A psychologist states that “Juan's abnormal behavior is likely due to a combination of biology and inadequate interpersonal skills.” The psychologist is . a. predicting the future symptoms of Juan b. giving Juan a psychodiagnosis c. offering an explanation for Juan's problem d. describing how to control Juan's symptoms ANS: C REF: The Field of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.01 Define abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 5. College administrators suspended Lee Loughner after they became concerned about Loughner’s potential to commit dangerous behaviors. Why didn’t authorities pursue a civil commitment? a. Loughner's therapist did not feel he posed a danger to others. b. None of the local mental health facilities had space to house him. c. Loughner’s behavior did not rise to the level of justifying a commitment. d. Loughner’s behavior was not considered odd in comparison to his peer group. ANS: C REF: The Field of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.01 Define abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 6. When psychologists talk about modifying abnormal behavior, they are referring to . a. attempting to understand the underlying cause of that behavior b. restricting the freedom of dangerous clients c. attempting to anticipate the future behaviors of clients d. using psychotherapy to improve a person’s behavioral, emotional, or cognitive state ANS: D REF: The Field of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.01 Define abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 7. Which statement defines psychotherapy most accurately? a. Systematic interventions designed to improve behavior, emotion, or cognition b. The scientific study of abnormal behavior c. A system of observing abnormal behavior in an attempt to classify it d. The application of a theoretical model to explain the cause of abnormal behavior ANS: A REF: The Field of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.01 Define abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 8. Clinical psychologists usually have degrees; psychiatrists have degrees. a. bachelor's (B.S.); medical (M.D.) b. medical (M.D.); doctorate (Ph.D.) Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers recognizing their tendency to hold prejudicial attitudes toward clients d. mental health professionals are more likely to hold prejudicial attitudes and biases against males than against females ANS: A REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.07 Describe some contemporary trends in abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 14. Dr. Price’s client has values and a lifestyle that differ markedly from her own. Dr. Price is more likely to . Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers a. overpathologize her client b. underpathologize her client c. increase her cultural sensitivity d. acquire knowledge about the worldviews of a diverse population ANS: A REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology UABB.SUES.17.01.03 Discuss how sociopolitical experiences and cultural differences affect definitions of abnormality. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 15. Which statement about multiculturalism in the United States is correct? a. The idea of cultural sensitivity is irrelevant to abnormal psychology. b. White are no longer the numerical majority in the United States. c. There is little relationship between culture and normal development. d. There is a need to provide culturally-relevant psychotherapy. ANS: D REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology UABB.SUES.17.01.03 Discuss how sociopolitical experiences and cultural differences affect definitions of abnormality. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 16. Early research on psychopathology, such as that by Emil Kraepelin, supported which viewpoint about abnormality? a. social b. biological c. psychological d. psychopathological ANS: B REF: Causes of Mental Illness: Early Viewpoints OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.06 Summarize early explanations regarding the causes of mental disorders. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 17. According to Thomas Szasz, . a. mental illness is a fictional creation by society used to control and change people b. the causes for most mental disorders will ultimately be found in brain pathology c. individuals who are suffering from mental illnesses have biological diseases d. medication is far superior to psychotherapy in the treatment of psychopathology ANS: A REF: Cultural and Sociopolitical Influences on Behavior UABB.SUES.17.01.03 Discuss how sociopolitical experiences and cultural differences affect definitions of abnormality. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 18. The American Psychiatric Association has published a manual that is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders. What is this manual called? Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers a. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) b. Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) c. Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM) d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ANS: D REF: Mental Disorders OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.02 Explain what mental disorders are and what prevalence means. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 24. A researcher who investigates the percentage of people in the population who have had a mental disorder at any point in their lives is studying the of the disorder. a. incidence b. prevalence c. criteria d. lifetime prevalence ANS: D REF: Mental Disorders OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.02 Explain what mental disorders are and what prevalence means. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 25. Which statement about psychiatric disorders in the United States is accurate? a. Depression and anxiety are more common in men than in women. b. Compared to adults, a larger percentage of children have anxiety disorders. c. Twenty-five percent of adults suffer from a diagnosable mental health disorder in a given year. d. Phobias are more common in the elderly than in the young. ANS: C REF: Mental Disorders OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.02 Explain what mental disorders are and what prevalence means. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 26. One finding of the Merikangas et al. (2010) epidemiological study is that . a. males and females tend to differ in the kinds of disorders they experience b. adolescents have a lower rate of mood disorders than adults c. almost half of adolescents meet criteria for at least one psychological disorder d. people living in rural areas have a much higher incidence of mental disorders ANS: C REF: Mental Disorders OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.02 Explain what mental disorders are and what prevalence means. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 27. Researchers in the United States have found that . a. the rate of mental disorders in the population has been steadily decreasing over the past 50 years b. adolescents and adults are equally likely to suffer from anxiety disorders c. women are more likely than men to suffer from mental disorders d. forty percent of adolescents diagnosed with one disorder meet the criteria for at least one additional disorder Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers ANS: D REF: Mental Disorders OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.02 Explain what mental disorders are and what prevalence means. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 28. According to Bagalman and Napili. (2013), what percentage of adults suffer from serious psychological disorders such as schizophrenia in a given year? a. 5.8 percent b. 8.5 percent c. 12.6 percent d. 16.3 percent Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers ANS: A REF: Mental Disorders OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.02 Explain what mental disorders are and what prevalence means. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 29. Jason says, “Mental illness is not a choice or caused by what people do.” Jason's remark . a. contradicts the myth that people are responsible for their condition b. supports the myth that mentally disturbed people can use willpower to recover c. supports the myth that mental illness runs in families d. contradicts the myth that mentally disturbed people can cure themselves ANS: A REF: Overcoming Social Stigma and Stereotypes OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.04 Explain why it is important to confront the stigmatization associated with mental illness. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 30. At one time, Abraham Lincoln, William James, news anchor Mike Wallace, and author J.K. Rowling each suffered from a mental disorder. Consequently, their examples contradict the myth that . a. mentally disordered people must have had bad parents b. mental illness makes a person useless c. mentally disturbed people must have inherited their disorders d. mentally disordered people only need to exercise willpower to recover ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior (see Myth vs Reality box) OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.04 Explain why it is important to confront the stigmatization associated with mental illness. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 31. Eli refuses to let his daughter marry Avi because Avi's brother suffers from depression. Eli believes that his daughter could be killed by Avi’s brother. Eli believes which myth about mental illness? a. Mental disorders are transmitted by touch. b. We can easily identify people with mental disorders. c. People with mental disorders cannot be cured. d. People with mental disorders are dangerous. ANS: D REF: The Field of Abnormal Psychology (see Myth vs Reality box) OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.04 Explain why it is important to confront the stigmatization associated with mental illness. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 32. Dr. Chu reports that “mental patients are no more dangerous than other people.” What does research suggest about the doctor's statement? a. Research shows that there is no correlation between any psychiatric diagnosis except antisocial personality disorder and dangerousness. Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 37. Exorcism involves . a. increasing one's activity level to help recover from a mental illness b. chipping a hole in the skull of a person believed to be possessed by demons c. conducting a religious ceremony over a person to cast out evil spirits d. examining the brains of people who have severe mental disorders Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 38. The first naturalistic explanation of abnormal behavior can be traced to . a. early twentieth century psychosurgery b. Philippe Pinel in eighteenth-century Paris c. Hippocrates in ancient Greece d. Galen in ancient Rome ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 39. Suppose an archaeologist unearthed an ancient Greek document that contained instructions for the treatment of mental disorders such as melancholia and mania. What would the writing probably state? a. “Hypnotize the person and encourage the person to express his or her negative emotions.” b. “Have the family treat the person with rest, good diet, and moderate exercise.” c. “Treat the person as you would a witch and force them to renounce the devil.” d. “Take a sharp stone and cut a hole in the person's skull to let out the evil demons.” ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 40. This individual practiced medicine in Rome and related mental illness to the brain and central nervous system. His greatest contribution may have been compiling all medical knowledge from Hippocrates' time to his own. Who is he? a. Pinel b. Mesmer c. Weyer d. Galen ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 41. During the Middle Ages, mental illness was . Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers a. based on a disease model b. handled with care and humane treatment c. based on scientific principles d. seen as a the result of supernatural forces ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers d. almost all witches were both mentally disordered and intellectually disabled ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 47. Humanism is the . a. scientific study of behavior to identify its causes and to modify it b. philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and individual uniqueness c. biological theory of abnormal behavior first used by the ancient Greeks d. practice of identifying and executing individuals believed to witches ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 48. The humanistic movement of the Renaissance . a. emphasized the value of the cathartic method b. presented the first biogenic theory of abnormal behavior in recorded history c. challenged the notion of demonic possession d. led directly to deinstitutionalization of mentally disordered individuals ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 49. “I reject the idea of witchcraft. Disturbed people are sick people who deserve our sympathy, not torture and death.” Who would have been most likely to say these words? a. Pope Innocent VIII b. Ivan Pavlov c. John B. Watson d. Johann Weyer ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 50. Who ordered the chains to be removed from inmates at a mental asylum and is considered a founder of the moral treatment movement? Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers a. Clifford Beers b. Johann Weyer c. Philippe Pinel d. Dorothea Dix ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers 51. “Although I lived in a different country than Philippe Pinel, I also worked to establish moral treatment for mental patients.” Who might have said this? a. William Tuke b. Galen c. Jean-Martin Charcot d. Friedrich Anton Mesmer ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 52. Imagine that we travel back in time and meet two Americans. The first says, “I am sometimes called the father of U.S. psychiatry. I used bloodletting to treat my mental patients, but I insisted they be treated with respect.” The second says, “Although I was only a schoolteacher, when I saw the deplorable conditions under which mental patients were living, I devoted my life to establishing suitable mental hospitals.” The first person was ; the second was . a. Benjamin Rush; Dorothea Dix b. William Tuke; Clifford Beers c. Clifford Beers; Dorothea Dix d. Benjamin Rush; Friedrich Anton Mesmer ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 53. A history book states, “Benjamin Rush introduced humane policies into American mental hospitals, but it took Dorothea Dix to make significant positive reforms in mental hospital care. After her work, inhumane treatment was eliminated in the United States.” What, if anything, is incorrect in this statement? a. No portion of the statement is incorrect. b. It is incorrect to say that Dix made significant positive reforms. c. It is incorrect to say that inhumane treatment was eliminated. d. It is incorrect to say that Rush introduced humane policies. ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 54. Frenchman Philippe Pinel and American Benjamin Rush were both concerned with . a. the development of private, profitable “madhouses” Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers 59. A psychologist says, “There are certain emotional disorders for which we can find no evidence of brain pathology.” This psychologist's statement reflects a(n) viewpoint. a. organic b. biogenic c. humanistic d. psychological ANS: D REF: Causes of Mental Illness: Early Viewpoints OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.06 Summarize early explanations regarding the causes of mental disorders. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers 60. Mesmer's lasting contribution to psychology is his . a. research showing the relationship between syphilis and general paresis b. development of a textbook for psychiatry that described the major disorders c. demonstration that psychological factors can be highly therapeutic d. demonstration that the masses can fall for a false set of beliefs ANS: C REF: Causes of Mental Illness: Early Viewpoints OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.06 Summarize early explanations regarding the causes of mental disorders. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 61. Imagine that you are in Paris in 1775. People tell you their physical and mental health is remarkably improved when they experience a strange sleeplike trance. Later, you hear that the man who performed these remarkable cures was investigated and declared a fraud. What forerunner of hypnosis were the people of Paris discussing? a. catharsis b. mesmerism c. exorcism d. trephining ANS: B REF: Causes of Mental Illness: Early Viewpoints OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.06 Summarize early explanations regarding the causes of mental disorders. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 62. Dr. Johns researches mental disorders using laboratory methods. He stresses the importance of directly observable behaviors and the conditions or stimuli that evoke, reinforce, or extinguish them. Dr. Johns adheres to which early viewpoint of mental illness? a. humanism b. behaviorism c. psychoanalysis d. mesmerism ANS: B REF: Causes of Mental Illness: Early Viewpoints OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.06 Summarize early explanations regarding the causes of mental disorders. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 63. The advent of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s was considered a major revolution in the treatment of mental disorders because _ . a. the medications slowly reduced patients' symptoms b. patients were able to focus their attention without resorting to therapy c. use of medications contradicted the idea of the psychological basis of mental illness d. stays in mental hospitals were shortened and became more cost-effective ANS: D REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.07 Describe some contemporary trends in abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 64. Which perspective proposes that people can develop new meaning and purpose even though limitations caused by illness exist? a. recovery movement b. psychoanalytic theory c. psychological resilience Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers 69. Positive psychologists believe that if we identify qualities associated with effective coping and resilience, we can teach people strategies that . a. lead to a strong spiritual approach to life b. lead to the development of compassion toward the mentally ill c. help them regulate emotions and avoid developing mental illness d. help them to become more responsible for themselves ANS: C REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.07 Describe some contemporary trends in abnormal psychology. 70. The arose in response to the pessimistic views held by the public and mental health professionals regarding the life prospects of those coping with serious mental illness. a. humanism movement b. recovery movement c. reform movement d. multicultural movement ANS: B REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.07 Describe some contemporary trends in abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 71. As conceptualized by the recovery movement, recovery involves . a. psychotropic medication and talk therapy b. individuals taking responsibility for their own wellbeing c. spiritual training that help the mentally ill cope with life’s challenges d. the development of new meaning and purpose in one’s life ANS: D REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.07 Describe some contemporary trends in abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 72. Positive psychology is . a. the philosophical and scientific study of positive human functioning and the strengths and assets of individuals, families, and communities b. the perspective that those with mental illness can recover and live satisfying, hopeful, and contributing lives, even with the limitations caused by their illness c. a philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and the worth and uniqueness of the individual d. a shift to more humane treatment of people who are mentally disturbed by using psychotropic medications ANS: A REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.07 Describe some contemporary trends in abnormal psychology. Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 73. The belief in an animating life force or energy beyond what we can perceive with our senses is known as . a. psychopathology b. spirituality c. witchcraft d. religiousness ANS: B REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.07 Describe some contemporary trends in abnormal psychology. Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 74. Drugs that are used to treat or manage psychiatric symptoms by influencing brain activity associated with emotions and behavior are known as . a. psychological medications b. neurological medications c. psychosomatic medications d. psychotropic medications ANS: D REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 75. Which naturally occurring chemical was discovered to radically calm some patients who had been psychiatrically hospitalized for years? a. argon b. potassium c. lithium d. carbon ANS: C REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.07 Describe some contemporary trends in abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 76. What is the effect of chlorpromazine? a. It restores cognitive function in individuals with dementia. b. It treats agitation in patients with schizophrenia. c. It reduces feelings of sadness and despair. d. It relieves anxiety by calming the nervous system. ANS: B REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.07 Describe some contemporary trends in abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 77. Psychotropic drugs are helpful because they . a. reduce symptoms so those with serious mental illness can focus on therapy b. help hospitalized patients return to their pre-illness level of functioning c. eliminate the need for therapy because they cure the underlying illness d. sedate individuals so that they are far easier to deal with outside hospitals ANS: A REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.07 Describe some contemporary trends in abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers 83. The acceptance of organic or biological causes for mental disorders was enhanced by medical breakthroughs such as Louis Pasteur’s (1822–1895) . a. development of the first antibiotics b. development of vaccines for illnesses c. germ theory of disease d. pathological theory of disease ANS: C REF: Causes of Mental Illness: Early Viewpoints OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.06 Summarize early explanations regarding the causes of mental disorders. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers 84. The term self-efficacy most broadly refers to a belief in , which can boost a person’s chances of recovery from mental illness. a. the need for acceptance of prejudice and discrimination b. one’s ability to succeed in a specific situation c. one’s ability to overcome mental illness d. the effectiveness of psychotherapy ANS: B REF: Overcoming Social Stigma and Stereotypes KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 85. Which two forms of stigma do individuals with mental illness have to address? a. public stigma and self-stigma b. self-efficacy and self-stigma c. prejudice and public stigma d. stereotypes and social stigma ANS: A REF: Overcoming Social Stigma and Stereotypes OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.04 Explain why it is important to confront the stigmatization associated with mental illness. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 86. To combat social stigma, there have been concerted efforts to . a. keep the mentally ill safe by utilizing inpatient hospital services b. enact laws that protect those with mental illness from discrimination c. criminalize discrimination against those with mental illness d. increase public awareness and provide accurate information about mental illness ANS: D REF: Overcoming Social Stigma and Stereotypes OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.04 Explain why it is important to confront the stigmatization associated with mental illness. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 87. Many people learn about mental disorders by . a. taking classes on the subject b. watching movies and television c. knowing someone with mental illness. d. reading self-help books ANS: B REF: Overcoming Social Stigma and Stereotypes (see Mental Illness in the Media box) KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 88. Which perspective holds that we should view behaviors in the social and political context in which they occur? Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers a. sociological perspective b. sociopolitical perspective c. sociopathological perspective d. socioeconomic perspective ANS: B REF: Cultural and Sociopolitical Influences on Behavior UABB.SUES.17.01.03 Discuss how sociopolitical experiences and cultural differences affect definitions of abnormality. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 89. Psychologists now recognize that all behaviors, whether normal or abnormal, originate from the . Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers The Renaissance marked a time of increased rationality and concern about human welfare and dignity called humanism. Johann Weyer, a German physician, courageously challenged church teachings on witchcraft and argued that these people suffered from physical or social problems. Treatment of mentally ill people continued to be cruel throughout the 1600s and 1700s. At the beginning of the 1800s in France (Philippe Pinel), England (William Tuke), and the United States (Benjamin Rush), a new viewpoint called moral treatment came about. It argued that people who were treated humanely could be restored to sanity. Later, Dorothea Dix campaigned for reforms in mental hospitals and established hospitals for the poor in the United States. The treatment of mental patients has often been exposed as inadequate or heartless. Still, most people would agree that conditions are better today than at any time in the past. REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.05 Discuss how explanations of abnormal behaviors have changed over time. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 2. Briefly discuss the changing views of mental disorders throughout history. Be sure to include in your discussion a comparison of views across cultures and across time periods. ANS: Prehistoric societies appeared to believe in demonology and likely attributed abnormal behaviors to evil spirits that inhabited a victim's body. Treatment seems to have consisted of trephining (drilling a hole in a person's brain to let the evil spirit out). The early Greeks, Chinese, Hebrews, and Egyptians treated behavior they perceived as abnormal with exorcism, which consisted of elaborate prayers, noise, emetics, and bodily assaults to excise the evil spirits. Two influential themes came from Greek and Roman cultures in which (1) a relationship was acknowledged between mental disorder and psychological conflict, and (2) mental disorder was viewed as a physical illness with biological causes. Hippocrates' treatments included tranquility, moderate exercise, a careful diet, abstinence from sexual activity, and sometimes bloodletting. He understood that often family dynamics can foster deviant behavior. The Roman physician Galen explained the role of the brain and central nervous system in mental functioning; he codified all European medical knowledge from Hippocrates' time to his own. After the fifth century, mental disorders in many cultures were again viewed as the result of possession by evil spirits. Treatment during this period reverted to torturous exorcistic procedures to drive out the devil. In the thirteenth century belief in the power of the supernatural was so prevalent that it often created mass madness in whole populations. As the authority of the Catholic Church was increasingly challenged beginning in the fifteenth century, the Malleus Maleficarum was published (1486) as a guide for detecting witches, who were believed to have made a pact with Satan. As a result of the consequent witch hunts over the next 200 years, thousands of innocent men, women, and children were beheaded, burned alive, drowned, and otherwise tortured and mutilated. In the late 1700s the emphasis on evil spirits, demons, and witchcraft gave way to the moral Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers movement, with reformists advocating for more humane treatment of people with mental disorders. Specifically, reformists advocated treating patients kindly and respectfully, offering guidance and support, and encouraging fresh air and activity. In addition to changes in the treatment of the mentally ill, the scientific study of mental disorders was emphasized. People came to realize that psychological disorders were caused by physical factors or personal and social conditions. Along with this realization came the tradition of scientific observation and exploration leading to developments such as the diagnostic classification system of Emile Kraepelin and Freud's theory of personality. In the twentieth century, a strong emphasis was placed on exploring the biological bases of psychological disorders (including brain functioning, genetic transmission of disorder, and neurochemical factors), as well as on social behaviors acquired through learning. Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition Test Bank Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2024/2025 100% Verified Questions and Answers Toward the end of the twentieth century, and extending into the twenty-first, as society has become increasingly multicultural, multiracial, and multilingual, multicultural psychology has had a major impact on the mental health professions. This approach stresses the importance of culture, race, ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic class, and other similar factors for understanding and treating abnormal behavior. There is currently an understanding that the multipath model is important for understanding abnormality by considering biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural dimensions for understanding human complexity. REF: Causes of Mental Illness: Early Viewpoints OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.06 Summarize early explanations regarding the causes of mental disorders. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 3. Describe how mental disorders are diagnosed in the 21st century. Understanding and treating the distressing behavior caused by mental illness is the main objective of abnormal psychology. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), the most widely used classification system of mental disorders, indicates that a mental disorder has the following components: (a) involves a significant disturbance in thinking, emotional regulation, or behavior caused by a dysfunction in the basic psychological, biological, or developmental processes involved in normal development; (b) causes significant distress or difficulty with day-to-day functioning; and (c) is not merely a culturally expected response to common stressors or losses or a reflection of political or religious beliefs that conflict with societal norms. This definition is quite broad and raises many questions. First, when are symptoms or patterns of behavior significant enough to have meaning? Second, is it possible to have a mental disorder without any signs of distress or discomfort? Third, what criteria do we use to decide if a behavior pattern is a reflection of an underlying psychological or biological dysfunction and not merely a normal variation or an expectable response to common stressors? Complex definitions aside, most practitioners agree that mental disorders involve behavior or other distressing symptoms that depart from the norm and that harm affected individuals or others. Although the criteria for mental disorders remain a subject of debate, certain behaviors are considered abnormal in most situations. These behaviors include refusal to leave your house; depression so severe that you sleep much of the day; starving yourself because you are terrified of gaining weight; experiencing frequent nightmares involving a trauma you experienced; forgetting your own identity; feeling overwhelmed with fear at the sight of a spider; avoiding contact with objects such as doorknobs because of the fear of germs; believing that others can “hear” your thoughts; seeing aliens inside your home; collecting so many items that your health and safety are jeopardized; and intentionally making your own child sick with the purpose of receiving attention. Even considering varying cultural norms, these situations would be seen as abnormal. REF: Mental Disorders OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.01 Define abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze