Esthetics Oregon State Board Exam Study Guide With Complete Solution 2023, Exams of Advanced Education

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Esthetics Oregon State Board Exam Study

Guide With Complete Solution 2023

Melan production is stimulated by - Correct Answer-exposure to sunlight and protects the cells below by absorbing and blocking UV radiation pheomelanin - Correct Answer-a type of melanin that is red to yellow in color produced by people with light colored skin eumelanin - Correct Answer-a type of melanin that is dark brown to black produced by people with dark colored skin Primary lesions - Correct Answer-Lesions in the early stages of development or change, primary lesions are characterized by flat nonpalpable changes in the skin color or by elevations formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles or pustules. Bulla - Correct Answer-A large blister containing watery fluid. Cyst - Correct Answer-A closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin. Papule - Correct Answer-A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop into a pustule. Pustule - Correct Answer-An inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus, a fluid consisting of white blood cells, bacteria, and other debris; a small pus- containing blister that may or may not be caused by an infection. Acne pustules in hair follicles are not infectious. Wheal - Correct Answer-Hives and mosquito bites are wheals. Hives are called urticaria and can also be caused by exposure to allergens used in products. Secondary lesions - Correct Answer-develop in the later stages of disease and change the structure of tissues and organs Excoriation - Correct Answer-A skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping. Acne excoriee - Correct Answer-A disorder where client purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration.

Keloid - Correct Answer-A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue. Keloids are usually found in those that are genetically predisposed to them and may occur following an injury or surgery. Scar - Correct Answer-Discolored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed. The tissue hardens to heal the injury. Thick, elevated scars are hypertrophic. Acne - Correct Answer-A chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones and blemishes. Comedo - Correct Answer-A noninflamed buildup of cells, sebum, and other debris inside follicles. Open comedo - Correct Answer-A blackhead open at the surface and exposed to air. When the follicle is filled with an excess of oil a blackhead forms. It is dark because it is exposed to oxygen and oxidation occurs. Closer comedo - Correct Answer-Forms when the openings of the follicles are blocked with debris and white cells. Also referred to as a whitehead but should not be confused with the more hardened white type of papules called milia. Furuncle - Correct Answer-AKA boil, a subcutaneous abscess filled with pus. Milia - Correct Answer-The epidermal cysts are small, firm, white papules. Milia are whitish, pearl like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin with no visible openings often mistakenly called whiteheads. Seborrhea - Correct Answer-Severe oiliness of the skin Bromhidrosis - Correct Answer-Foul smelling perspiration usually in the armpits or on the feet. Dermatitis - Correct Answer-An inflammatory condition of the skin; various forms include lesions such as eczema, vesicles or papules. The 3 main categories of dermatitis are atopic, contact, and seborrheic. Contact dermatitis - Correct Answer-An inflammatory skin condition caused by an allergic reaction from contact with a substance or chemical. Allergies to red dyes in products and nickel in jewelry are - Correct Answer-common. Eczema - Correct Answer-An inflammatory, painful, itching disease of the skin; acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions. This should be referred to a physician. Avoid contact and skin care treatments if a client has eczema.

Folliculitis - Correct Answer-Hair grows under the surface instead of growing up and out of the follicle, causing a bacterial infection. These ingrown hairs are common in men, usually from shaving. Pseudofolliculitis - Correct Answer-AKA razor bumps, resembles folliculitis without infection or pus. Psoriasis - Correct Answer-An itchy skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales; caused by over-proliferation of skin cells that replicate too fast. Rosacea - Correct Answer-Inflammation of the skin characterized by extreme redness, dilation of blood vessels, and in severe cases the formation of papules and pustules. Vasodilation - Correct Answer-(vascular dilation) of the blood vessels make rosacea worse. Spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine, temperature extremes, heat, sun, and stress aggravate rosacea. Telangiectasia - Correct Answer-A vascular lesion; describes capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger or distended blood vessels. Commonly called couperose skin is characterized by redness Sun exposure is the biggest external cause of - Correct Answer-pigmentation disorders and can make existing pigmentation disorders worse. Hyperpigmentation - Correct Answer-Overproduction of pigment Hypopigmentation - Correct Answer-Lack of pigment Melasma - Correct Answer-Hyperpigmentation triggered by hormonal changes often during pregnancy or with birth control use Pregnancy mask - Correct Answer-A condition where brown pigmentation appears on the face during pregnancy. Usually fades overtime, but worsens with sun exposure. Verruca - Correct Answer-Wart Keratosis - Correct Answer-Abnormally thick buildup of skin cells. Tinea Corporis - Correct Answer-Ringworm How often are exams recommended to check for cancerous lesions? - Correct Answer- Annual exams (aka yearly) What percent of skin cancer is caused by sun exposure? - Correct Answer-90%

Basal cell carcinoma - Correct Answer-The most common and least severe type of carcinoma. Typical characteristics include open sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border. Squamous cell carcinoma - Correct Answer-A more serious condition than basal cell carcinoma. It is characterized by red or pink scaly papules or nodules. Squamous cell carcinoma can grow and spread to other areas of the body. Malignant melanoma - Correct Answer-The most serious form of skin cancer. Black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. It's more deadly because it can spread throughout the body and to internal organs via the lymphatics and blood stream. Caucasians who have a tendency to burn are more susceptible to skin cancer Causes of acne: - Correct Answer-Genetics/hereditary, clogged follicles, bacteria, triggers include hormones, stress, cosmetics, skin care products & food Bacterias in the follicles are - Correct Answer-anaerobic, this means bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. What can irritate acne? - Correct Answer-Excessive iodides in salt, MSG, kelp, cheese, processed and packaged foods Grades of acne - Correct Answer-Grade 1- minor breakouts, mostly open comedones, some closed comedones, and a few papules. Grade 2- many closed comedones, more open comedones, and occasional papules and pustules. Grade 3- red and inflamed, many comedones, papules, and pustules. Grade 4- cystic acne, cysts with comedones, papules, pustules and inflammation are present. Scar formation from tissue damage is common Accutane - Correct Answer-Can cause severe dryness, birth defects, other health problems, possible depression Retin-A - Correct Answer-Very drying, causes redness and irritation; photosensitivity The epidermis - Correct Answer-Is the outermost layer of the skin. It is a thin protective covering with many nerve endings. Composed of five layers called strata. The uppermost surface layer is the stratum corneum, followed by the stratum spinosum; the bottom layer is the stratum germinativum (the basal layer) Stratum corneum - Correct Answer-(Horny layer) top, outermost layer of the epidermis.

The average cell turn over rate is - Correct Answer-28 days depending on the persons age, lifestyle and health Stratum granulosum - Correct Answer-Granular layer, is composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin The stratum germinativum - Correct Answer-AKA basal cell layer is located above the dermis, composed of a single layer of basal cell laying on a basement membrane The dermis - Correct Answer-Also called the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin is the supportive layer of connective tissues below the epidermis How much thicker is the dermis than the epidermis? - Correct Answer-25 times thicker Lymph vessels - Correct Answer-Remove waste products, bacteria, and excess water The papillary layer - Correct Answer-Connects the dermis to the epidermis Hair on the scalp grows an average of - Correct Answer-.35 millimeters (1/60 inch per day) The hair contains what percent hard keratin? - Correct Answer-90% How many bones does the skeleton have? - Correct Answer- How many bones of the face? - Correct Answer- How many muscles does the human body have? - Correct Answer-Over 630 The nervous system - Correct Answer-there are over 100 billion nerve cells known as neurons in the body The circulatory system - Correct Answer-Aka cardiovascular system or vascular system controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels. The vascular system consists of the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body. Virus - Correct Answer-A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only through taking over the host cells reproductive function. Immunity - Correct Answer-The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. Immunity against disease can be either natural or acquired and is a sign of good health.

Parasites - Correct Answer-Organisms that grow, feed and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host) while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive. Bacteria - Correct Answer-One called microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful; some are harmless Client consultation - Correct Answer-verbal communication that determines the desired results. The single most important part of any service. A consultation should be performed to some degree as a part of every single service and salon visit. Client records - Correct Answer-Keeping a method of taking personal notes that helps the esthetician to remember important data and serve the clients needs better. Need to be on file for at least 2 years. Skin types are categorized as follows: - Correct Answer-Dry, normal, combination & oily Alipidic - Correct Answer-skin lacks oil (lipids) dry skin does not produce enough oil. Sensitive skin - Correct Answer-Characterized by fragile, thin skin and redness Dehydrated skin can be caused by internal and external factors such as - Correct Answer-medications, coffee, alcohol, sun, over-exfoliation and harsh products Telangiectasia or couperose skin - Correct Answer-appear as red, distended capillaries are noticeable on sensitive skin Fitzpatrick scale - Correct Answer-Used to measure the skin types ability to tolerate sun exposure Type 1- very fair; blonde or red hair, light colored eyes, freckles common. Always burns, never tans. High risk for skin cancer, vascular damage Type 2- fair skinned, light eyes, light hair. Burns easily, tans with difficulty. High risk of vascular damage. Type 3- very common skin type; eye and hair color vary. Sometimes burns, gradually tans. Moderate risk of skin cancer and vascular damage. Type 4- Mediterranean Caucasian skin; dark brown hair; medium to heavy pigmentation. Rarely burns, tans easily. High risk of hyper/hypopigmentation. High risk for scarring. Moderate risk for vascular damage. Type 5- middle eastern skin; dark and black hair; brown eyes; rarely sun sensitive. Skin darkens; may never burn. High risk of hyper/hypopigmentation

Type 5- black skin, brown eyes, rarely sun sensitive. Tans easily, may never burn. High risk of hyper/hypopigmentation. Glogau scale - Correct Answer-Evaluates photo damage (sun damage) based on wrinkling categorized by age. Type 1- minimal to no wrinkles; age 20 to 30 or younger Type 2- shows wrinkles only visible while in motion when making facial expressions. Early to moderate photo aging, light keratosis; age 30 to 40s Type 3- shows wrinkles at rest, advanced photo aging, Hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, keratosis, age 40-50s Type 4- shows predominate wrinkles, severe photo aging, severe scarring may be noticeable. Ages are not specified Rubin's classification of photo damage - Correct Answer-uses levels to classify photo damage by the depth of skin changes or damage. This indicated what kind of treatment is appropriate for the skins conditions. Level 1- includes superficial pigment and changes in the epidermis. Superficial chemical exfoliation and antioxidants will be beneficial for the skin at this level. Level 2- includes changes in the epidermis and papillary dermis, actinic keratosis, pigmentation and increased wrinkles. This client will benefit from medium-depth peels and stronger products such as retinoids Level 3- shows deeper changes down to the reticular dermis. Skin looks leathery and shows severe sun damage. Laser resurfacing and other cosmetic procedures are suggested for this level of damage. Some of the most common skin conditions esthetician see today are - Correct Answer- Adult acne, actinic aging and problems from hormonal fluctuations. Dehydration, pigmentation disorders, and rosacea are also significant concerns to clients. Other skin conditions include comedones, hyperkerwtinization, redness, sensitivities and of course aging. UVB has shorter wavelengths and are stronger than UVA because - Correct Answer- they deliver more energy UVB have more energy because - Correct Answer-the wavelengths have a higher frequency What has a positive effect on our health and our complexion? - Correct Answer-A good diet, vitamins, water intake, regular exercise and other healthy practices

Wear spf of at least - Correct Answer-30 (apply 20 mins before sun exposure) Performing skin analysis - Correct Answer-Check the pore size and oil distribution, conditions present: note comedones, capillaries, pigmentation, sun damage, and other conditions. Appearance: is the skin dry, clear, oily, red, irritated? What else do you notice? Texture: is the texture rough, smooth, dehydrated, firm? Record your observations on the client chart. What are the four components of skin analysis? - Correct Answer-Look, Feel, Ask, Listen What is a facial? - Correct Answer-A professional service designed to improve and rejuvenate the skin. Facial treatment benefits - Correct Answer-• deep cleanses

• exfoliates
• increases circulation and detoxifies
• relaxes the senses, nerves and muscles
• SLOWS DOWN PREMATURE AGING
• TREATS CONDITIONS SUCH AS DRYNESS, OILINESS, OR REDNESS
• SOFTENS WRINKLES AND AGING LINES
• HELPS CLEAR UP BLEMISHES AND MINOR ACNE What will partially determine your success? - Correct Answer-Connecting with the client and knowing how to communicate. Massage techniques and your touch, pressure, and glow in the facial are valuable parts of your skills. Facial treatment protocol - Correct Answer-•if your hands are cold, warm them before touching the clients face
• keep your nails smooth and short to avoid scratching the clients skin
• remove rings, bracelets and other jewelry that may injure the client, get in the way, or cause a distraction during the treatment
• be aware of your touch and the amount of pressure you apply to the face
• massage and apply or remove products in a smooth, consistent pattern. What you do for the right side, do for the left using the same order for the same number of times. How many minutes should you schedule extra for a clients first visit? - Correct Answer- 15 mins What type of cleanser should you use to remove impurities and makeup? - Correct Answer-Milky or creamy cleanser that rinses easily Exfoliation - Correct Answer-makes the skin smoother, helps product penetrate by unblocking the surface and promotes stimulation which increases cell turn over rate.

How far away should the steamer be? - Correct Answer-18 inches away Extraction - Correct Answer-The technique of manually removing impurities and comedones from follicles Paraffin masks - Correct Answer-are used to warm the skin and promote penetration of ingredients deeper into the skin through the heat trapped under the paraffin. The heat increases blood circulation and is beneficial for dry, mature skin that is dull and lifeless. How often should you recommend a client reschedule for a facial? - Correct Answer- Once a month First step to applying a cleansing product? - Correct Answer-Cleanse the hands and apply gloves before touching the clients face. How long should you steam? - Correct Answer-Approximately 5-10 minutes Massage - Correct Answer-is defined as a manual or mechanical manipulation by rubbing, kneading, or other methods that stimulate metabolism and circulation. Benefits of massage - Correct Answer-Relaxes the client and the facial muscles, stimulates blood and lymph circulation, improves overall metabolism and activates sluggish skin, helps muscle tone, helps cleanse the skin of impurities and softens sebum, helps slough off dead skin cells, reduces puffiness and sinus congestion, helps product absorption, relieves muscle tension and pain, provides a sense of physiological and psychological well being. How long is a facial massage performed during a facial? - Correct Answer-10 to 15 minutes Always massage in what order? - Correct Answer-From insertion to origin. (The insertion is the portion of the muscle at the more movable attachment where it is attached to another muscles or to a movable bone or joint and the origin is the portion of the muscle at the fixed attachment to an immovable section of the skeleton) Facial massage contraindications - Correct Answer-include contagious disease, inflamed acne, sunburn or sensitive skin. Other contraindications are open lesions, skin disorders or sever redness. Clients with acne shouldn't be massage in any area that has breakouts. An estheticians massage services are limited to what areas - Correct Answer-the face, neck, shoulders, and décolleté Classic Swedish massage movements include - Correct Answer-effleurage, petrissage, friction, tapotement, and vibration.

Effleurage - Correct Answer-is a soft, continuous movement applied with the fingers and palms in a slow and rhythmic manner. It's the most important of the 5 movements and is used in conjunction with other types of massage such as shiatsu (a form of acupressure) Petrissage - Correct Answer-is a kneading movement that stimulates the underlying tissues. Includes Fulling in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted and spread out. It is used mainly for massaging the arms. Friction - Correct Answer-Is a rubbing movement. Pressure is maintained on the skin while the fingers or palms are moved over the underlying structures. Tapotement - Correct Answer-Aka percussion, consists of fast tapping, patting, and hacking movements. This form of massage is the most stimulating and should be applied carefully and with discretion. Vibration - Correct Answer-Is a raid shaking movement in which the technician uses their body and shoulders not just fingertips to create a movement. It is accomplished by rapid muscular contractions. Dr. Jacquet movement - Correct Answer-A massage movement that is especially effective for oily and acne skin types. When the movement is done as part of a facial treatment it should follow the desi frustration step that softens and prepares the skin for extractions Microdermabrasion - Correct Answer-Is a form of mechanical machine exfoliation that originated in Europe. It exfoliates the epidermis more effectively than a 30 percent AHA product does. Light therapy - Correct Answer-is the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal. Light therapy uses different types of devices: lasers, intense pulsed light and LED technology Lasers and IPL are strong machines and rated - Correct Answer-class 4 medical devices by the FDA Does LED technology use heat? - Correct Answer-No it is non thermal The average cell turn over rage for babies - Correct Answer-14 days The average cell turn over rate for teenagers - Correct Answer-21-28 days The average cell turn over rate for adults - Correct Answer-28-42 days The average cell turn over rate for those 50 and older - Correct Answer-42-84 days

Cell turn over rate is - Correct Answer-the rate of cell mitosis and migration from the dermis to the epidermis A pH of less than what is not recommended for salon peels? - Correct Answer- Beneficial ingredients for mature or sensitive skin are? - Correct Answer-Aloe Vera Treatment schedules for AHA procedures - Correct Answer-in a series of four to eight sessions one time per week for 4-8 weeks For chemical exfoliation remove the product with - Correct Answer-cool cotton pads saturated with water. Rinse at least six times. Photodynamic therapy is best for primarily treating what? - Correct Answer-Actinic keratosis Trichology - Correct Answer-is the scientific study of hair and it's diseases no hair grows - Correct Answer-on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, the lips, or the eyelids. Vellus hair - Correct Answer-Very fine, soft hair Terminal hair - Correct Answer-Longer, courser hair found on the head, brows, lashes, genitals, arms and legs Hair growth occurs in 3 stages - Correct Answer-Anagen, Catagen, and telogen. (ACT) Depilation - Correct Answer-is a process of removing hair at or near the level of the skin. What is the main method of depilation? - Correct Answer-Shaving Epilation - Correct Answer-The process of removing hair from the bottom of the follicle by breaking contact between the bulb and the papilla. The hair is pulled out of the follicle Methods of epilation - Correct Answer-Tweezing, electronic tweezers, threading, sugaring, waxing Wax applicator - Correct Answer-A stainless steel or hard plastic 5 inch spatula Wax strip sizes - Correct Answer-Leg: 3" wide x 8" length Brow/lip: 1/2" to 3/4" wide to 1" x 3" length Face: 1 1/2" wide x 3" length Bikini/underarm: 1 1/2" to 2" wide x 5" to 6" length

What is good to apply after waxing? - Correct Answer-A cold, wet cotton compress is also soothing and constricts the follicles after waxing. A cold compress with baking soda mixed in water can be applied to calm the skin. How long should the hair be to wax? - Correct Answer-1/4 of an inch to 1/2 of an inch long Hold spatulas or applicators at what angle when applying wax? - Correct Answer-45- degree Standard American bikini waxing is the removal of hair - Correct Answer-Outside the normal bikini line Face waxing procedures take how long? - Correct Answer-15-30 mins How long do body waxes take? - Correct Answer-30 mins to an hour Cake makeup - Correct Answer-Aka pancake makeup is a heavy cream foundation. Is used for theater, film, and video applications Cheek color is available in - Correct Answer-Cream, liquid, dry, or loose powder form. Powder blush is the most common. Natural hair brushes are - Correct Answer-Gentler and softer than synthetic brushes What kind of brush handle is the most durable? - Correct Answer-Wood handle Oval face shape - Correct Answer-Is the widest at the temple and forehead, tapering down to a curved chin. This is considered the ideal facial shape because of its balance and overall look of symmetry Rectangle face shale - Correct Answer-This face shape is long and narrow the cheeks are often hollowed under prominent cheek bones