Ethical Considerations in Nursing Practice, Exams of Nursing

Download Ethical Considerations in Nursing Practice and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Dos Ii Final - Wk 7-12 Questions With Correct Detailed Answers 2024. The ethical concept of Veracity means everyone is? a) Given truthful information and is not deceived b) Trusted with respect and dignity c) Treated equally and fairly d) Given the best possible care - ANSWER- A Nonmaleficence includes trying your utmost to? a) Be honest and forthright with your patient b) Ensuring you are providing the best care for your patient c) Ensure no harm comes to a patient d) Balance care with litigious risk - ANSWER- C UCPs are care providers that have which of the following? a) Mandatory educations b) Standards of practice that are regulated c) Job description d) A legally defined scope of practice - ANSWER- C What is DIPPS? a) Dignity, Independence, Preference, Privacy, Safety b) Dignity, Interprofessional, Personal being, Privacy, Safety c) Delegation, Psychology, Privacy, Social d) Delegation, Independence, Psych, Professional - ANSWER- A Bioethical theory states moral decision making is based on our principles a) Ethics, Beneficience, Nonmaleficence, Respect b) Autonomy, Beneficience, Nonmaleficence, Justice c) Veracity, Autonomy, Beneficience, Nonmaleficence d) Advocating, Veracity, Beneficience, Nonmaleficence - ANSWER- C Which of the following describes an example of an ethical dilemma? a) Two nurses are deciding on a type of dressing b) Station is crowded, CM asks students to chart c) Pt refusing blood despite the benefits of saving his life d) Nurse providing teaching on subject she is not f... - ANSWER- C An example of unacceptable delegation to an UCP would be; a) Asking the PSW to feed a patient b) Requesting assistance with a dressing change c) Administering care that is in the care plan d) Administering a new medication - ANSWER- D The nurse manager is introducing beside shift report to the unit. Nurses can expect that; a) Very few changes in health care b) Change is unavoidable c) Change is always evolutionary d) Change is reciprocal - ANSWER- B During the knowledge stage of political awareness the nurse would question; a) Is it ethical? b) What needs are not being met? c) What will it cost? d) Who will be disadvantaged? - ANSWER- B An example of drastic change from history would include; a) Wound care b) Introduction of NP c) PPE following SARS d) Role of the RPN - ANSWER- C Professional associations benefit nurses by all except a) Provide opportunities to network b) Improved insurance rates c) Providing regulatory function d) Group for lobbying - ANSWER- C The nurse manager gathers the team to speak about the dynamics this is an example of; a) Collaborative leadership b) Team functioning c) Interprofessional collaboration d) Role clarification - ANSWER- B Unfreezing relates to which portion of the nursing process? a) Assessment b) Implementation c) Planning d) Evaluation - ANSWER- A You wish to introduce a change on your unit, what would be the most effective way? a) Apply change theory concepts b) Provide information gradually c) Conduct a survey d) Solicit input and provide feedback - ANSWER- A c. utilitarianism. d. autonomy. - ANSWER- c A nurse is caring for a client who just consented to an elective abortion. The nurse is unsure of his/her own values as they relate to this issue. The nurse must: a. know his/her own values and how these values relate to beliefs and the philosophy of nursing. b. rid the impurities in his/her value system. c. ignore his/her own values. d. realize that values do not change and that they cannot be influenced by others. - ANSWER- a When assessing an ethical issue, the nurse must first: a. ask, "What is the issue?" b. identify all possible alternatives. c. select the best option from a list of alternatives. d. justify the choice of action or inaction. - ANSWER- a A researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with a survey of college sophomores. The researcher was applying the principles of: a. beneficence. b. human dignity. c. justice. d. human rights. - ANSWER- a The physician who insists on providing treatment in spite of the client's wishes because he "knows best" is reflecting: a. autonomy. b. beneficence. c. justice. d. paternalism. - ANSWER- d The nurse who admits making a medication error and immediately files an incident report is demonstrating: a. accountability. b. individuality. c. an injustice. d. values clarification. - ANSWER- a Three illegal immigrants with no health insurance or money sustained life-threatening injuries during an automobile accident. Two of these individuals had head trauma and lacerated internal organs. The decision was made to provide extended care in the trauma center after emergency surgery was performed to save their lives. The third individual received only minor injuries, which were treated in the emergency department. The care of the two critical clients was based on the ethical principle of: a. utilitarianism. b. deontology. c. autonomy. d. veracity. - ANSWER- b A 13-year-old female is brought to the family planning clinic by her enraged father, who has just learned that she is pregnant. The pregnant client states, "I want to have this baby and give it up for adoption." However, the father is adamant that she will disgrace the family and demands that the health care providers tell his daughter that she has a physical condition that would prohibit her from carrying this baby to a viable stage. The nurse realizes that this is a conflict that involves the ethical principle of: a. deontology. b. veracity. c. autonomy. d. beneficence. - ANSWER- b During a seminar on ethics, the educator realizes that more information is needed when a participant describes which situation as a violation of the ethical principle of autonomy? a. An older person with advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease is denied the right to ambulate in the hallway. b. A mentally competent adult refuses medical treatment for the autoimmune disease lupus erythematosus, stating that this condition reflects the will of a higher power. c. A mentally competent visitor fell during visiting hours but refused to be examined by the physician on call. d. A mentally competent adult with a broken wrist refuses to be given a local anesthetic prior to a procedure. - ANSWER- a A nurse who is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while working in the operating room seeks revenge by deliberately placing clients at risk by not adhering to universal precautions. This nurse is violating the ethical principle of: a. veracity. b. beneficence. c. nonmaleficence. d. autonomy. - ANSWER- c A client and her husband used in vitro fertilization to become pregnant. The unused sperm was frozen so the couple could have more children later. The husband is killed while in combat, and the client journals her choices and the possible ramifications. She comes to the fertility clinic after looking at the situation from many perspectives and after considering many alternatives. She asks that the sperm be destroyed because her husband's faith prohibited remarrying, and allowing another person to use the sperm would conflict with her late husband's beliefs. The nurse realizes that: a. the client is in the second step of ethical decision making and that the client's value system is influencing her choices of alternative actions. b. a logical line of reasoning has led to validation of the decision to destroy the husband's sperm. c. the client has not been able to navigate the complicated issues inherent in this situ - ANSWER- d d) Justice - ANSWER- a be fair, provide equal care a) Equity b) Justice c) Veracity d) Deontology - ANSWER- a everyone has the same resources allocated/distribution of care a) Equity b) Justice c) Veracity d) Deontology - ANSWER- b regard with honor and esteem- be the voice of all stakeholders heard in a decision. a) Deontology b) Respect for persons c) Veractity d) Autonomy - ANSWER- b being truthful having honest communication a) Deontology b) Respect for persons c) Veractity d) Autonomy - ANSWER- c Whats right and wrong, based on right making not consequences a) Ethics b) Justice c) Deontology d) Utilitarianism - ANSWER- c Consequence based on theory- greater good- effects the decision will have a) Ethics b) Justice c) Deontology d) Utilitarianism - ANSWER- d Assessing the situation is an example of a) Refreezing b) Moving c) Unfreezing - ANSWER- c Planning and implementing is an example of a) Refreezing b) Moving c) Unfreezing - ANSWER- b Evaluating and positive feedback is an example of a) Refreezing b) Moving c) Unfreezing - ANSWER- a A nurse us gathering PSW to learn their role a) Communication b) Teamfunctioning c) Role clarification d) both b and c - ANSWER- d A nurse helps people in a care accident a) Justice b) Autonomy c) Respect for persons d) Equity - ANSWER- c an NP delegates catheter to a patient what should the nurse do? a) Teach b) Implement an order c) Allow patient to perform procedure - ANSWER- b Change is a) Avoidable b) Unavoidable - ANSWER- b whats an example of revolutionary change a) technology b) SARS- HH - ANSWER- b Whats an example of Evolutionary change a) technology b) SARS- HH - ANSWER- a Who can delegate? a) NP b) RPN c) RN d) all of the above - ANSWER- d are PSWs regulated? a) Yes b) No - ANSWER- b what has changed in education for schooling of PSWs a) longer course b) Longer consolidation hours minimum 600 c) have a regulator - ANSWER- b whats the goal of the PSW? a) To assist with care plan b) Aid in ADL's c) Improve patients quality of life - ANSWER- c Are PSWs aloud to observe and report? a) Yes b) No - ANSWER- a Are PSW's regulated? a) Yes b) No - ANSWER- b Can a PSW do assessments and evaluate clients condition? a) Yes b) No - ANSWER- b What does the CNO say towards PSWs a) Teach b) Supervise c) Assign d) All of the above - ANSWER- d Can a PSW perform a controlled act without delegation? a) Yes b) No - ANSWER- b Can a delegated task to a PSW performed continuously? a) Yes b) No - ANSWER- a Administering a substance by injection/inhalation a) Requires delegation to a family member b) Does not require delegation to a family member - ANSWER- b An instrument beyond the orfice or artificial opening a) Requires delegation to a family member b) Does not require delegation to a family member - ANSWER- b Can a nurse teach a PSW to perform for more than one client? a) Yes Mrs. Bruce, 68 years old, has been waiting to be seen in the outpatient symptom control clinic for the last 4 hours. Her daughter is becoming extremely anxious for her mother, and she approaches the triage desk. Which nursing action best reflects a relational ethics approach? a. In an assertive voice, the triage nurse comments that the clinic policy is to see people in order of medical priority, not waiting time. b. The nurse can sense that the daughter is becoming concerned regarding the time her mother has waited to be seen by the clinic nurse practitioner or oncologist, and without further discussion, the triage nurse assures her that everything will be just fine. c. As the daughter shares her narrative of needing to be seen, the nurse interjects to assure the daughter that the best effort will be made to get her mother seen in a timely manner. d. The nurse senses the daughter's angst. From behind the counter - ANSWER- d Ethical dilemmas often arise over a conflict of opinion. Once the nurse has determined that the dilemma is ethical, which action should the nurse take first in negotiating the difference of opinion? a. Consult a professional ethicist to ensure that the steps of the process occur in full b. Gather all relevant information regarding the dilemma c. List the ethical principles that inform the dilemma so that negotiations agree on the language of the discussion d. Ensure that the attending physician has written an order for an ethics consultation to support the ethics process - ANSWER- b What are the 5 components of critical thinking? a) Specific knowledge base, Experience, Competencies, Attitudes, and Standards. b) Scientific Method, Experience, competencies, Attitudes, and problem solving c) Specific knowledge base, Attitudes, experience, standards, and decision making d) nursing process, specific knowledge base, standards, competencies, and experience - ANSWER- a Complex critical thinking is one of the three levels of critical thinking in nursing. At this level nurses' analyze and examine choices more independently, consider other options and realize what conflicting solutions may exist. a) True b) False - ANSWER- a Which of the following are some common principles for transcribing orders? Identify all that apply. a) Orders may be legible b) Write in red or blue ink only c) All orders must be verified by a nurse d) Write an letter (eg. K, M or EC) beside your orders to identify what orders have been transcribed and where - ANSWER- A,C,D The following order is an example of what type of order: Ampicillin 500mg IV q8h x 10 days a) STAT order b) One-time or Short series order c) Standing or Continuous order d) Standing or Continuous order PRN - ANSWER- B Sarah, a nursing student discovers with her friend why critical thinking is important to nursing. What statement by Sarah identifies that she understands the importance of critical thinking in nursing. a) Critical thinking is important to nursing because it is a set of skills that is central to the nursing practice. As critical thinker we do not reflect on our situation but we must look beyond the obvious b) Critical thinking is important to nursing because nurses must respond to unexpected situations, adapt and change as things happen, be able to prioritize and solve problems. As well as, advocate when necessary for their clients. c) Critical thinking is important because it is central to nursing practice and focuses only on being purposeful and using reflective reasoning. d) In nursing, critical thinking allows nurses to properly use their critical thinking skills to effectively respond to unexpected situations. Ho - ANSWER- A A nurse is completing the transfer of accountability (hand-off report) to the nurse on the next shift. Which information is critical for the nurse to report? a) The patient has a new pain medication, hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen (Lortab) b) The patient had a good day with no complaints c) The family is poor and had to go on welfare d) The family is demanding and argumentative - ANSWER- A Complex Critical Thinking is one of the three levels of critical thinking in nursing. At this level nurses analyze and examine choices more independently, consider other options and realize what conflicting solutions may exist. a) True b) False - ANSWER- A SBAR is a framework for giving report. What does SBAR stand for? a) Solution, Background, assessment & Response b) Situation, Background, Assessment & Recommendation c) Situation, Background, Administration of medication & Response - ANSWER- B The process to effective critical thinking includes the following three steps: Take information, Explain information and Use information. a) True b) False - ANSWER- B Samantha says to a colleague, "I don't think those new blood pressure electronic machines will work. I'm going to keep using the manual cuffs." What barrier to critical thinking does Sarah's statement illustrate? a) Face-saving b) Conformity c) Resistance to Change d) Stereo-typing - ANSWER- C What are the 5 components of critical thinking? a) Specific Knowledge Base, Experience, Competencies, Attitudes, and Standards b) Scientific method, Experience, Competencies, Attitudes, and Problem Solving c) Specific Knowledge Base, Attitudes, Experience, Standards, and Decision Making d) Nursing Process, Specific Knowledge Base, Standards, Competencies, and Experience - ANSWER- A A nurse is charting on a patient's record. Which action is most accurate legally? a) Writing entry for another nurse b) Using correction fluid to correct an error c) Stating that the patient is belligerent d) Charting legally - ANSWER- D According to the CNO, nurses demonstrate leadership by providing, facilitating, and promoting the best possible care/service to the public. What statement is NOT an indicator of a nurse effectively demonstrating the CNO leadership standard? a) Role-modelling professional values, beliefs and attributes b) Collaborating with clients and the health care team to provide professional practice that respects the rights of clients c) Providing direction to, collaborating with, and sharing knowledge and expertise with management d) Developing innovative solutions to practice issues - ANSWER- C Two nurses are working on a unit and notice there are not enough blood pressure cuffs available on a regular bases. They discuss the fact that this interferes with providing c) Dispel rumours, involve people in the process, empower action, promote support and training d) Communicate often, anchor the change, empower action, and involve people in the process - ANSWER- B One of the factors that make nurses more politically aware is knowledge of the issue. What question could you ask yourself regarding knowledge of the issue? a) What needs are currently being met? b) Who will be disadvantaged? c) Is it economically feasible? d) Is the change reasonable, acceptable & realistic? - ANSWER- A Political action is defines as the process of influencing a change in policy by affecting change in the workplace regarding clients and the allocation of clients' resources. a) True b) False - ANSWER- B Align each step of Lewin's Change Model with the appropriate response from the change agent. 1. Unfreezing 2. Moving 3. Re-freezing a) Positive feedback, encouragement & constructive criticism b) Time & communication c) Trust, education, motivation & enthusiasm - ANSWER- 1C, 2B, 3A Susan, the nurse manager, had a staff meeting to inform the nurses of a new change in documentation. She spoke about resistance to change and that it is natural and expected due to anxiety, uncertainty, fear of failure and lack of understanding. a) True b) False - ANSWER- A Match the type of change with the example provided. 1. Personal change 2. Professional change 3. Organizational change a) Legislation legalizing MAID (medical assistance in death) b) Engaging in professional development workshops to improve management skills c) Eating a healthier diet after a myocardial infarction - ANSWER- 1C, 2B, 3A What are the sources of conflict in healthcare? Check all that apply. a) Client or Family b) Technology c) High levels of resources d) Visitors e) Healthcare team or colleagues f) Management Expectations/Values - ANSWER- A,D,E,F The CNO refers to conflict as "a power struggle in which a person intends to harass, neutralize, injure or eliminate a rival." What are the two types of conflicts that can occur? a) Intrapersonal: deriving from within an individual; Interpersonal: represents a clash between two or more people b) Relationship conflict: a clash between two or more people; Intrapersonal Conflict: deriving from within an individual c) Intrapersonal represents a clash between two or more people; Interpersonal: deriving from within an individual d) Internal conflict: between a character and an outside force; External conflict: within the character's mind - ANSWER- A The College of Nurses of Ontario has created a Practice Guideline for Conflict Prevention & Management. What statement does NOT identify the correct prevention and management strategy for nurse-client conflict? a) Ask open-ended questions to establish the underlying meaning of the client's behaviour; remain calm and encourage the client to express his/her concerns; avoid arguing, criticizing, defending or judging b) Reflect to understand how her/his behaviour and values may negatively affect the client; address conflict directly rather than avoiding or postponing its resolution c) Acknowledge the client's concerns about the health care system and his/her experiences as a client; respect and address the client's wishes, concerns, values, priorities and point of view d) Use open body language and display to calm, respectful and attentive attitude; involve the client, the client's family and the health care team members - ANSWER- D A nurse arrives late for each shift. What statement identifies that the Charge Nurse uses the CARE approach effectively? a) Identifies the problem of arriving late to colleague; Reports colleague to management; documents why arriving late is a problem; encourages the nurse to change b) Clarify that arriving late is a problem; documents why the behaviour is a problem; request management to get involved in the problem behaviour; encourage change c) Charge nurse clarifies to his colleague that arriving late is a problem; he articulates why arriving late is a problem; request a change in arriving late; and encourages the nurse to change d) Charge nurse identifies that the behavior of arriving late is a problem; articulates why arriving late is a problem; request for a change in unit; demands the nurse to change - ANSWER- C You and your peer, Juan, have been assigned to work together on a nursing presentation. You both have different approaches on how to do the presentation; however, each approach would be very effective. After reviewing the assignment guidelines you both realize the assignment is due a week earlier than initially expected. What would be the best Thomas-Kilman conflict management approach to this situation? a) One person will have to accommodate and the other person will have to compete in order to meet the presentation due date. Then work together on the presentation b) One personal will have to avoid and the other person will have to compete in order to meet presentation due date. They will then work together on the presentation c) Both parties can compete as each one had an effective presentation approach and then work to put the presentation together d) Both group members have a very effective approach, therefore it - ANSWER- D The Colleges of Nurses of Ontario developed a decision tree in the event that a nurse needs to withdraw his/her nursing services. What questions must nurses ask themselves when making the decision to withdraw? Check all that apply. a) Can you access the client's family to help manage the situation? b) Is the imminent risk to self or other clients greater than the risk to the client if you withdraw care? c) Does the client or client's family exhibits behaviour that intends to harm nurse or another client? d) Is there a serious threat of imminent danger? e) Is there a nurse-client therapeutic relationship being developed? - ANSWER- B,C,D Assertive communication is necessary within the nursing practice as it allows nurses to express themselves in a direct, honest and appropriate manner. What scenarios demonstrate this assertive communication? a) There is a unit staff meeting and the manager would like to hear from all staff regarding the new changes to the isolation protocols due to the covid pandemic. Elizabeth was more than happy to present her concerns to the group and spoke openly. She made good eye contact, kept to the point and initiated a healthy discussion about the implementation process and its effect so far on the unit b) Sarah is speaking with her colleague and is explaining the proper protocol for hand hygiene. The nurse interrupts Sarah and aggressively states she is wrong. Sarah silently agrees with her, avoids making eye contact and goes to see her next patient c) David was assessing a patient and another colleague and saw that he was - ANSWER- A The Thomas-Kilmann model illustrates the options we have when handling conflicts. There are two dimensions in the model. Which statement illustrates the co- operativeness dimension? a) The co-operativeness dimension is on the horizontal axis and is concerned with conflict responses based on our attempt to get what we want b) This dimension is on the vertical axis and is concerned with responses based on helping others get what they want c) This dimension is on the horizontal axis and is concerned with responses based on helping others get what they want patients, their families, carers, and communities to deliver the highest quality of care across settings." According to the CNA, what are implications of interprofessional collaborative practice? a) Reduced wait times b) Healthy workplaces c) Improved patient safety d) Lack of access to remote regions e) Community engagement f) Chronic disease management - ANSWER- A,B,C,F Once taught how to perform a controlled act, an unregulated care provider can perform that act on any patient under their care, where the act is considered an activity of daily living. a) True b) False - ANSWER- B When delegating to person support workers an RPN must remember all of the following except: a) The fact that each delegated task is client or resident specific should always be kept in mind b) Personal support workers (UCP) cannot perform a controlled act unless the authority is delegated to the support worker by a regulated health professional c) Once delegated, specific guidelines and outlines must be met and followed in order for the task to be continually performed d) If the personal support worker has the knowledge, skill and judgement they can perform the controlled act independently - ANSWER- D