Evidence-Based Practice: Exam 2 Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

Download Evidence-Based Practice: Exam 2 Study Guide and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! EBP- Exam 2 study guide evidence based practice: - Answer -conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient circumstances and values in the delivery of quality, safe, and cost-effective health care. i. Best clinical evidence ii. Nurses' expertise iii. Patient circumstances and values critical appraisal involves a - Answer -careful and complete examination of a study to judge its strengths, weaknesses, credibility, meaning, and significance for practice. qualitative studies: - Answer -primarily Exploratory research; ex. opinions, beliefs, perceptions, experience, culture, etc... -Can be used to develop theories -Occurs in natural settings -Why? How? What? -Subjective results, not objective -Small population size; People are called "participants" -Data represented in words -Conducted through Observations, interviews, focus groups, videos, documents, photographs -The researcher needs to be aware of his/her own feelings, beliefs, experiences, and account for these, separate from the participants what are the 4 types of qualitative studies? - Answer --descriptive -correlational -quasi-experimental -experimental quasi experimental research: - Answer --Examines cause-and-effect relationships -Less control by researcher than true experimental designs -Samples are not randomly selected. -All variables in the study cannot be controlled by the researcher. -An example: Sending patients home from the hospital with TED hose and surveying them about how well they worked; assessing for DVT occurrence post-op experimental studies: - Answer --Controlled manipulation of at least one independent variable -Uses experimental and control groups -Random assignment of the sample to the experimental and control groups -Highly controlled, objective, systematic studies -Involves the measurement of independent and dependent variables Who decides if an article is "printworthy"? - Answer -It has to be peer-reviewed and confirmed as being accurate through replicability validity: - Answer -Accuracy of application and findings What p-value is considered statistically significant? - Answer -Typically a p-value <0.05 is considered significant, can find in reading usually p-value - Answer -The probability of results of the experiment being attributed to chance. demographic variables: - Answer --age, gender, ethnicity, educational level, and diagnosis. -Same demographic treated with different interventions to see how it affects them descriptive statistics: - Answer --Gather, sort, summarize numerical data into one or two simple numbers that "describe" your sample, or "describe" your findings -Ex: Participants' age ranged from 26 to 64 years (average 45.5) with a quarter (25%) aged 54 and above measures of central tendency include the: - Answer -mode, median, mean, and standard deviation standard deviation: - Answer -"average" difference score. -Smaller SD: similar results, we want this -Large SD: wide range of results, not reliable relative risk: - Answer -The likelihood that the outcome would occur in one group compared to the other forests plots: - Answer -simply a picture of results of several studies, and always includes a "summary" diamond that shows you the results of the studies, all compiled together -The size of the diamond correlates to how much "weight they have" confidence intervals: - Answer -the range on either side of an estimate that is likely to contain the true value for the whole population -a 95% confidence interval in the results of a study, it means that 95% of the time, the population's mean will fall within the range that they give Cronbach's Alpha: - Answer -a measure of internal consistency, that is, how closely related a set of items are as a group -a measure of scale reliability. -0.7 is the lowest acceptable value for a Cronbach's alpha power analysis: - Answer -used to estimate the minimum sample size required for an experiment, given a desired significance level, effect size, and statistical power -Minimum acceptable power level rate is 80% -a statistical method to determine the acceptable sample size that will best detect the true effect of the independent variable -Ability to detect differences in the population or capacity to correctly reject a null hypothesis effect size: - Answer -the degree to which the phenomenon is present in the population -a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables or the extent of an experimental effect Iowa Model: - Answer --Generate the question -Determine whether it is relevant -Develop a team -Determine if the evidence answers the question -Pilot the change -Evaluate the structure, process, and outcome data. -Disseminate results Stetler Model: - Answer -research utilization to promote evidence-based practice; 5 steps Phase I: Preparation -Purpose, outcomes, of making an EB change - is the agency ready for it? Phase II: Validation -Critically appraise research reports Phase III: Comparative Evaluation/ Decision Making -Is it feasible, is it fitting? What concerns are there? Decide Phase IV: Translation/Application -Use the research evidence through a planned approach Phase V: Evaluation -Evaluate its impact. Cullen model: - Answer -Create awareness and interest -Posters about evidence, staff meetings, slogans Build Knowledge and Commitment -Education, Gap analysis, find research, appraise it, do an action plan Promote Action and Adoption -Education, elevator speech, change agents, checklists Pursue integration and sustained use -Celebrate!! Public recognition, Trend the results, statistically, over time, revise as needed Grove Model: - Answer -This one seems like the closest to the Nursing Process -Nurses identify a practice problem -Search for the best research evidence to manage the problem in their practice -Evaluate the quality of EB guidelines -Integrate it -Monitor the outcomes -Refine the guidelines steps to elicit patient's preferences for care: - Answer -PHASE 1: SYNTHESIS OF EVIDENCE -Identifying alternative interventions to address a clinical problem of interest, -Critically reviewing evidence derived from research and practice, -Synthesizing the evidence on the intervention effectiveness in producing intended outcomes and relevance to patients seen in day-to-day practice