Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing Research, Exams of Nursing

Download Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing Research and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

1. In an article describing a quantitative research study, the research design is

contained where?: section titled "methodology"

2. conducted in an objective manner that produces numerical data that are analyzed

using statistics: quantitative study

3. performed to determine whether the study's conclusions and recommenda- tions are

accurately based on the study's findings: critical appraisal

4. What is the most important action the nurse would take when critiquing re- search to

recommend a change in clinical practice?: base that recommendation on a

synthesis of a group of studies (never a single research study)

5. The style and format of a research article differ from that of what kind of article?

How?: -clinical article

-terms used in research and content are new/different

6. includes determining whether each step of the research process meets the criteria

being used to evaluate the research: process of critical appraisal of a nursing

research article

7. Which studies are determined to be Level VI evidence? What does this mean?: -

qualitative

-relatively low level in strength

8.are meant to establish a relationship between X (independent variables) and Y

(dependent variables): correlational studies

9. used in qualitative studies, which study the lived experiences of research subject:

phenomenology

10.refers to purpose, at which stage the formation of a research question is

appropriate: "describe"

11.What does the researcher do under the umbrella of purpose section?: out- line

the objectives and aim of they study

12.What is always directly related to how the hypothesis will be worded?: type of

design

13.What assists nurses in developing searchable clinical questions?: PICO

(population, intervention, comparison, and outcome)

14.Where does an interdisciplinary team look for the development of a re- search

idea?: Critical appraisal of scientific literature

15.a type of qualitative study, which seeks to understand the perceptions and lived

experiences of the research subjects: Phenomenological study

16.the author provides an analysis, interpretation, or synthesis of information that an

original researcher previously presented in a research article: sec- ondary source

17.involves a group of individuals, such as an interdisciplinary team, col- laborating

to suggest the answer to the problem: Critical appraisal of scientific literature

18.include information on new practice interventions: review of literature for

evidence-based practice

19.is an experimental study that is conducted under controlled, rigorous

conditions: clinical trial

20.What is the most important first step for database search for a literature review?:

create a clear, concise clinical question

21.Where are clinical practice guidelines found?: published by health care orga-

nizations or societies, like the American Nurses Association or one of the

specialty nursing organizations

22.provides an aggregate of data from multiple sources: meta-analysis

23.What do you do if refined database produces a small pool of results?: dif- ferent

clinical questions may be better answered by different study methodologies

24.If a search of randomized clinical trials is unable to produce results, what would

the nurse do?: search for a different study methodology wherein evidence

does exist

25.When filtering does not work in producing effective results from a literature search,

what should the nurse do?: determine that the PICO question is too broad and

revise it

26.What is a useful strategy during the early stages of a search?: save relevant

articles in a personal folder created by making a personal account within the

database (researcher can then refer to the articles later because they will be

easy to find)

27.a set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenom- enon:

theory

28.contain a limited number of concepts and focus on a limited aspect of reality:

middle range theories

29.What is the focus of nursing research?: study individuals in interaction with

their environments

30.What is the context central to nursing knowledge?: interaction among theo- ry,

practice, and research

31. What guides the process and application of research in clinical practice?-

: theory

32.involves processes in which generalizations are developed from specific

observations: inductive reasoning

33.explain the extent to which one variable is related to another: correlational

research studies

34. accomplished by noticing the links among theory, practice, and research-

: integration of theory into practice

35.theories include the concepts of environment, person, and health and provide a

broad view of nursing that can assist in deciding when and how variables can be

measured: grand theories

36.What can be the disadvantage of a grand theory?: they are difficult to apply in

research

37.What is the first thing to do with Qualitative Research?: next conduct a

thorough review of the literature to ascertain what is already known

38.seeks to gain understanding of a phenomenon and attempts to answer the difficult

"why" questions: Qualitative research

39.the process used to examine data generated in qualitative research studies that

leads to a description of a human experience: inductive analysis

40.seeks to find a purposeful sample, one made up of people who have firsthand

experience or can authoritatively speak about the phenomenon being investigated:

qualitative researcher

41.What is needed for the reviewer to place the study's findings into a con- text?:

description of the study sample

42.What does conducting research in a naturalistic setting allow the re- searcher to

develop?: rich observations about the experience of participants that can

inform the data collection

43.What do nurses expect qualitative methodology to help?: Determine the

meaning of an experience

44.is the point at which the qualitative researcher would decide that data collection is

complete and would stop recruiting participants: data saturation (or information

redundancy)

45.What is the most important reason for a researcher to select a particular research

method for a qualitative research study?: that the method will provide the best

approach for answering the research question

46.What can the findings of qualitative studies be used for to benefit nursing? (4): -

direct future research

-provide implications for practice

-refine existing theoretical models

-develop new conceptual models to explain phenomena

47.research method to learn cultural patterns: ethnographic

48.What should the researcher be aware of when conducting research using the

grounded theory?: their own personal beliefs and feelings (ex. If the researcher

believes people with tattoos and body piercings should not be employed,

this is researcher bias)

49.involves an in-depth, detailed observation of a particular case within a real-

world context.: case-study methodology

50.What would influence the sample selection when it comes to a longitudinal (long-

term) study?: patients who have sustained complications

51.anticipates a change occurring because of the results: Community-based

participatory research (CBPR)

52.improves strength and consistency of the data because it incorporates both

qualitative and quantitative data: Mixed-methods research

53. research a person's experience (ex. grief experiences after miscarriages)-

: qualitative studies

54.provides a clear overview of the research and to summarize the main features

of the findings and recommendations: abstract

55. refers to the study participants who are generalizable to the population: -

sample

56.involves eliminating potential biases during data collection: authenticity

57.refers to the ability to follow what the researcher was thinking and/or

concluding: auditability

58.What are key factors in auditability?: agreement of findings and conclusions

59.Is a study hypothesis is usually associated with quantitative research or

qualitative research?: quantitative research

60.When do errors occur in critical analysis of a qualitative study?: when lack of

understanding of methodology has occurred

61.What is the primary method determinant of data collection methods by

qualitative researchers?: preference

62.determines the specific research design selected to answer the question or

support the hypothesis: research question or hypothesis

63.What is the next step if a researcher finds no previous studies that examine the

selected research question?: design a preliminary, or pilot, study

64.the measures used to hold conditions of a study consistent to avoid potential

bias.: control

65.What is the best way to establish control?: maintain consistency in study

conditions

66.may affect the dependent variable (ex. age and sex): extraneous variables

67.What is the method for dealing with an important extraneous variable to control

for it?: creating a control group for subjects who have the extraneous

variable and another group of subjects who do not have it

68. examines whether the independent variable was responsible for the change in the

dependent variable or whether other factors were responsible-

: internal validity

69.What is the phenomenon that explains why individuals generally score higher the

second time they take a test regardless of the intervention?: testing effect (threat to

internal validity)

70.Why does a pretest-posttest method of data collection affect internal va- lidity?:

because taking the same test over could influence the subjects' responses

next time the test is repeated (testing - threatens internal validity)

71.depends on the study's sample and how well the subjects represent the

population of interest: generalizability

72.What are strategies that researchers use to maintain control? (4): -use of

consistent data collection procedures

-homogeneity in sample

-use of randomization in creating the sample

-assigning subject to groups

73.How do you improve the strength of a quasi-experimental design?: Identi- fying

and controlling threats to internal validity

74.helps to ensure that any group differences that emerge in a study are related

to the treatment condition and not to chance alone: randomization

75.What does the validity of the experimental study results depend on?: how well

the researcher has controlled alternative explanatory variables

76.What is not present in a quasi-experimental study?: Random assignment to

groups

77.In true experimental research, the control group is which group?: the group that

receives the usual or a placebo treatment, rather than the experimental one

78.What is the best method for a survey study?: Questionnaires

79.permits collection of a large amount of data about a problem: correlational

design

80.permits exploration of the changing nature of relationships of variables over

time: Developmental design

81.seek to establish cause-and-effect relationships by active manipulation of variables

(e.g., treatments): experimental designs

82.allow observation of phenomena; experimental designs permit environ- mental

(variable) manipulation that; involves no manipulation of variables and should have a

scientific basis or rationale: Non-experimental designs

83.associated with data collection at one point in time: Cross-sectional design

84.What can sample descriptions be used by reviewers for?: to evaluate how

similar the sample is to their population

85.least expensive to administer and allow for self-report data collection from a large

group of subjects easily: Questionnaires

86. require one-on-one interaction, which is time-consuming and expensive: -

Interviews

87.Hoe does physiological data collection differ from other data collection methods

used in research?: it requires special equipment to make the observation

88.information that has already been collected and is contained in medical records,

care plans, hospital records, or databases: existing data

89.What do existing data collection methods make possible?: obtaining a large and

random sample

90.records that are kept so that an individual cannot be identified: deidentified data

91.A method that researchers may use with the existing data collection method

to comply with HIPAA is to use only what?: deidentified data

92.What is an example of an obvious violation of basic human rights?: use of a

hidden recording device

93.When may researchers not obtain written informed consent?: when the ma- jor

means of data collection is through self-administered questionnaires

(research usually assumes implied consent)

94.If the nurse identifies a conflict with a research study being conducted on the

patient care unit, what is the first action to take?: contact the researcher

95.What happened in the ethical violation of Tuskegee?: Treatment was with- held

from the group having syphilis even after penicillin was accepted as an

effective treatment, because researchers wanted to study the untreated

disease

96.the ethical principle that relates the freedom to participate or not to partic- ipate in

research: respect for persons

97.upholds the right to anonymity and confidentiality: protecting participant's

identity

98.What is the ethical principle of ANA? (5): -protection from discomfort/harm

-self-determination

-privacy and dignity

-anonymity/confidentiality

-fair treatment

99.refers to the right to self-determination: respect for persons

100. What does IRB approval protect? (3): -respect

-beneficence

-justice

(ONLY - SATA Question)

101. ethical principle that holds the researcher accountable to do no harm: -

beneficence

102. What is the first step in data collection methods after selecting a measure-

ment scale?: determine if the selected measurement scale is reliable and

valid

103. how the researcher measures each variable in a study: operational defini-

tion

104. occurs when data collectors do not use standard procedures to collect data

consistently among all study subjects: Random measurement error

105. used for recordkeeping during structured observations: standardized

forms (ex. checklists or rating scales)

106. involves the researcher introducing an intervention or staging a situation and

then observing the effects of the intervention without subject awareness that they are

being watched (such as from behind a one-way mirror): conceal- ment with

intervention

107. Which method of data collection requires subjects to respond directly to

questionnaires, surveys, or interviews about their experiences, behaviors, feelings, or

attitudes?: self-report method

108. The first step the researcher would take when developing an instrument to

measure a variable of interest would be to what?: define the concept to be

measured

109. What are the benefits of creating a poster from a manuscript? (5): -repre-

sents nursing scholarship

-enables nurses to implement effective and sustainable changes in

healthcare

-builds confidence for eventual podium presentation

-provides opportunities for networking

-helps disseminate new knowledge in a format designed to reach multiple

providers enhancing the translation of the result

110. What is the first thing the authors should consider when creating a

poster?: the poster's primary focus

111. What should be related directly to the poster's focus? (5): -introduc-

tion/background

-research methodology

-results

-discussion

-conclusions

112. What are the 5 essential poster sections?: -banner and title

-clinical problem and key objectives

-methods section

-outcomes

-project's primary conclusions

113. What does the methods section describe that is on a poster? (3): -popu-

lation

-setting

-researcher methodology/strategy

114. a brief, clear summary of the information in your paper: abstract

115. What are the essential elements of an abstract? (4): -introduction

-methodology/theoretical framework

-results

-significance

116. What are the 4 C's of writing an abstract?: -complete

-concise

-clear

-cohesive