Exam 1 | COMM - Communications 1 - Introduction, Quizzes of Communication

Download Exam 1 | COMM - Communications 1 - Introduction and more Quizzes Communication in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 The 4 Periods DEFINITION 1 Classical Medieval & Renaissance Modern Contemporary TERM 2 Classical (characteristics) DEFINITION 2 Rhetoric - the study of communication. Rhetoricians - Teachers of communication. Lyceum - A place to study rhetoric founded by Aristotle. 1. No girls allowed. 2. Axiothea - A woman that studied there disguised as a man. Included DEBATE and the ability to WIN ARGUMENTS Ended with the advent of Christianity. TERM 3 Medieval & Renaissance (characteristics) DEFINITION 3 Goal was to INSTRUCT THE FAITHFUL IN CERTAIN TRUTH. Not to debate. 2 most important ways of communicating 1. Letter writing - feudal societies dictated a need to communicate over long distances. 2. Preaching - Duty of Christian clergy to teach the word of God. TERM 4 Modern (characteristics) DEFINITION 4 World became more secular. Religion was less influential. Rise of Scientific Method 1. ideas and arguments should be empirically ground by means of observation. The rise of democracy gave importance to practice of rhetoric and free speech. TERM 5 Contemporary (characteristics) DEFINITION 5 CURRENT! New technologies emerged. Written versus oral use of rhetoric. English versus Communication departments of study. Humanity orientation versus social science. Researchers and Scholars 1. Source Credibility: Not everybody who has a website is credible. 2. Effects of gender. TERM 6 Aristotle DEFINITION 6 Was a student of the Greek Philosopher, Plato. Was a tutor to Alexander the Great. Known as the greatest rhetorician theorist HE WAS NOT THE FIRST TERM 7 3 Means of Persuasion DEFINITION 7 Created by Aristotle. Ethos - persuasion based on the speaker's personal character (ethics) Pathos - Persuasion based on emotional appeal. ex: Advertising and Political Campaigns Logos - persuasion based on words/wording and logic. TERM 8 Corax and Tisias DEFINITION 8 The first rhetoricians Corax - Recognized that people were ill- equipped to argue their own cases. Tisias - studied ways in which speakers could effectively order their ideas. Helped people prepare to fight for themselves because lawyers were banned. TERM 9 Sophists DEFINITION 9 Trickster speech teachers. Now always the most ethical. Taught tricks of persuasive speaking for use in law courts and assemblies. TERM 10 Paidagogos DEFINITION 10 Attendant hired by your parents so you didn't cut classes. TERM 21 Symbolic DEFINITION 21 All comm. is symbolic. Comm = the exchange of info, ideas, emotions and skills by the use of symbols, words, pictures, figures, graphs. Nonverbal is included in symbols. Everything is arbitrary until we come to a shared agreement, then it becomes CONVENTIONAL. Spoken Symbolic int - process by which ppl use words and other symbols to make a meaning and to affect someone. Nonverbal " " - unspoken/unintentional behavior that accompanies verbal comm. and helps us fully interpret it's meaning. TERM 22 Three Functions of Models DEFINITION 22 Explanatory - dividing a process into parts and showing how they are connected. ex: a city's organizational chart that does this by explaining how city gov. works. Predictive - Answer "If...then" questions. ex: if the pop. keeps growing at the current rate then what will be the housing conditions in 2025? Control - street map: guide us or our behavior; show us how to control a process. ex: mapquest. TERM 23 Four Perspectives/Models DEFINITION 23 A coherent set of assumptions about the way a process operates Psychological Social Constructionist Cultural Studies Pragmatic TERM 24 Psychological DEFINITION 24 It focuses on what happens "inside the heads" of communicators as they transmit (send) and receive messages. TERM 25 Social Constructionist DEFINITION 25 Sees communication as a process whereby ppl using the tools provided by their culture, create collective representation of reality. Emphasizes the relationship btwn comm and culture. Construct from bckgrnd. Tools - Language - Cognitive Customs (way we've been taught to process info) - Cultural Traditions (Mr. Mrs..) - Set of Roles and Rules (guide our action). TERM 26 Cultural Studies DEFINITION 26 See a close relationship between acts of comm. and power. (called discursive acts/texts) Think about how a particular population is portrayed in the media such as TV (blondes = stupid) TERM 27 Pragmatic DEFINITION 27 Communication consists of a system of interlocking, interdependent "moves", which become patterned over time. - ex: chess. Dependent on that person's move. - two act sequence = interact - Payoffs often are the motivation for patterns. - Player often becomes interdependent because their payoffs depend on their partner's - Yes go here, no go here. TERM 28 Noise DEFINITION 28 Any distraction that interferes with or changes a message during the transmission (hungry, tired etc...) TERM 29 Linear Model DEFINITION 29 One-way: Yell at TV but it doesn't yell back. TERM 30 Transactional Model DEFINITION 30 Simultaneous communication (sending and receiving) TERM 31 Elements of Communication S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. DEFINITION 31 Situations - setting/scene of interaction Participants - who speaks/ who is addressed. Ends - Goals/outcomes of interaction. Act Sequences - content, means of expression Keys - Tone or spirit of interaction. Instrumentalities - channels or medical of interaction- telephone Norms - Rules of regulating interaction Genres - Type of communication enacted. **INTRA = THOUGHTS** TERM 32 Decoding/Interpreting DEFINITION 32 Creative, highly selective process by which people assign meanings to communicate messages Highly subjective (many right answers) Think about how ppl interpret symbols differently. TERM 33 Perception - A social process DEFINITION 33 A social/cognitive process where ppl assign meanings to raw- sense data. Process is ONGOING. Cognitive process- mental effort. Social Process - Categories used to process info are shared w/ others. (social knowledge to make sense of the world.) Goal : Creating meaning (sense making) TERM 34 Imposing order/meaning DEFINITION 34 Stability - relating it to past experiences. TERM 35 Cognitive Schemata DEFINITION 35 Cognitive - Mental/Thoughts. Schemata: Schemes. Mental Guidelines that help us identify and organize incoming info. ex: Saved by The Bell. You know the characters and typical plots and it is easy for you to folly the story and identify who is who. - if you;re from a culture that didn't have tv you would have a hard time following because you wouldn't have the cognitive schemata of a tv or tv show. TERM 46 Fisher's Four Phase Model for Group Development (OCER) DEFINITION 46 Orientation Phase - members begin the complicated process of becoming interdependent. - Primary tension/Initial Tension - anxiety as a new member. caused by natural uncertainty of ppl. Conflict Phase - Not neg. if healthy. - Secondary tension: struggle over group roles/leadership. Group disagrees over the vest ways to accomplish the task. Emergence - task and social structure. Reinforcement phase- unity of purpose and group identification, celebration of completion. TERM 47 Brainstorming DEFINITION 47 Members are encouraged to generate as many ideas as they can as quickly as they can without any ANALYSIS. TERM 48 Nominal Group Technique DEFINITION 48 Individuals generate solutions on their own, meet w/ group to clarify and then individuals rank the group's listing and the highest are chosen by the group. TERM 49 Special Formats for Public Discussion DEFINITION 49 Symposium - experts give brief prepared speeches on a topic of general concern, one at a time. Forum - No outside experts; audience members are the discussants - led by a moderator who provides bckgrnd infro, sets ground rules and controls discussion. Panel - experts interact with each other in small group while audience listens. Buzz group - as a supplement to a formal presentation; audience members are divided into small groups and asked to respond to speaker's topics. TERM 50 Role Playing Group DEFINITION 50 People placed in small groups given a scenario and asked to act it out. ex: WHOSE LINE IS IT ANYWAYS? TERM 51 Virtual group DEFINITION 51 Online Discussions.