Freud & Erikson's Theories: Human Development, Id, Ego, Superego, Psychosocial Stages, Quizzes of Developmental Psychology

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Proposed that personality has 3 structures: id,

ego and superego

Sigmund Freud TERM 2

totally unconscious; has no contact with

reality

DEFINITION 2 Id TERM 3

deals with demands of reality and uses

reasoning to make decisions

DEFINITION 3 Ego TERM 4

considers if something is right or wrong;

"conscience"

DEFINITION 4 Superego TERM 5

What are Freud's defence mechanisms

DEFINITION 5 Id, ego and Superego

What are Freud's stages of development

psychosexual stages: 1. Oral Stage 2. Anal Stage 3. Phallic stage 4. Latency stage 5. Genital Stage TERM 7

infant's pleasure centers on the mouth; birth

to 1.5 years

DEFINITION 7 Oral stage TERM 8

child's pleasure focuses on the anus; 1.5 to 3

years

DEFINITION 8 Anal Stage TERM 9

child's pleasure focuses on the genitals; 3-

years

DEFINITION 9 Phallic stage TERM 10

child represses sexual interest and develops

social and intellectual skills; 6 years to

puberty

DEFINITION 10 Latency Stage

A time of sexual reawakening; source of

sexual pleasure becomes someone outside

the family; puberty onward

Genital Stage TERM 12

describe development as primarily un

conscious and heavily colored by emotion;

early experiences extensively shape

development

DEFINITION 12 Psychoanalytic throries TERM 13

Erick Erikson

DEFINITION 13 said we develop psychosocial stages, rather than psychosexual stages; states that developmental change occurs throughout the lifespan TERM 14

Erikson's theory

DEFINITION 14 eight stages of development unfold as we go through life; at each stage a unique developmental task confronts individuals witha crisis that must be resolved; each stage has a "positive" pole and a "negative" pole. TERM 15

What are Erikson's 8 stages of development

DEFINITION 15

1. Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3. INitiative vs. guilt 4. Industry vs. inferiority 5. Identity vs. identity confusion 6. Intimacy vs. isolation 7. Generatively vs. stagnation 8. Integrety vs. despair

Integrity vs.

Despair

Individuals look back and evaluate what they have done with their loves. The retrospective glances can either be + or -. Late adulthood. TERM 17

Generatively vs. Stagnation

DEFINITION 17 A chief concern is to assist the younger generation in developing and leading useful lives. Middle adulthood TERM 18

Intimacy vs. Isolation

DEFINITION 18 individuals face the developmental task of forming intimate relationships with others. Erikson described intimacy as finding oneself yet losing oneself in another person. Early adulthood. TERM 19

Identity vs. Identity confusion

DEFINITION 19 individuals are faced with finding out who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life. An important dimension is the exploration of alternative solution to roles. Career exploration is important. Adolescence. TERM 20

Industry vs. Inferiority

DEFINITION 20 At no other times are children more enthusiastic than at the end of early childhood's period of expansive imagination. As children move into the elementary school years, they direct their energy toward mastering knowledge and intellectual skills. The danger at this stage involves feeling incompetent and unproductive. Middle and late childhood

Initiative vs. Guilt

As preschool children encounter a widening social world, they are challenged more and need to develop more purposeful behavior to cope with these challenges. Children are now asked to assume more responsibility. TERM 22

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

DEFINITION 22 after gaining trust in their caregivers, infants start to discover that the have a will of their own. They assert their sense of autonomy. They realize their will. If infants are restrained too much or punished too harshly, they are likely to develop a sense of shame and doubt. During toddlerhood. TERM 23

Trust and Mistrust

DEFINITION 23 A sense of trust requires a feeling of physical comfort and minimal amount of fear about the future. Infants' basic needs are met be responsive, sensitive caregivers. During infancy TERM 24

Innate goodness

DEFINITION 24 proposed by French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau that children are inherently good and therefor should be permitted to grow naturally with little parental monitoring or constraint TERM 25

Tabula Rasa

DEFINITION 25 Meaning a "blank tablet"; proposed by English philosopher John Locke that people acquire their characteristics through experience and that childhood experiences are important in determining adult characteristics.

Original Sin

According to the Christian doctrine, children are born into the world corrupted, with an inclination toward evil TERM 27

Down syndrome

DEFINITION 27 round face, flattened skull, and extra fold of skin over the eyelids, a protruding tongue, short limbs, and retardation of motor and mental abilities; presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21; 1 in every 700 births; African American children are rarely born with this TERM 28

XXY syndrome

DEFINITION 28 the male has an extra X chromosome TERM 29

Turner syndrome

DEFINITION 29 In females where either X chromosome is missing making the person XO , or part of the X chromosome is deleted. Short in stature, have a webbed neck, might be infertile and have difficulty with math, but their verbal ability is ften quite good; 1 out of 2500 female births TERM 30

Phenylketonuria(PKU)

DEFINITION 30 Individual cannot properly metabolize phenylalanine, and amino acid and results from a recessive gene and occurs primarily in Whites

Sickle-cell anemia

:ccurs most ofter in African Americans and it impairs the body's red blood cells which carry oxygen to the body's cells; it causes anemia and early death. TERM 32

Ethology

DEFINITION 32 stresses that behavior is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods TERM 33

John Locke

DEFINITION 33 He believed that children are born as a "blank slate" upon which experience writes He was all about nurture Children must be raised very carefully TERM 34

He believed in letting children raise

themselves w/ little or no intervention

DEFINITION 34 John Jacques Rousseau TERM 35

He believed children were innately good and

that society corrupts them

DEFINITION 35 John Jacques Rousseau

You must beat the "sin" out of your child

Original Sin TERM 37

Darwin's Theory of Evolution

DEFINITION 37 The survival of the fittest guides development TERM 38

Theory of Social Darwinism

DEFINITION 38 Moral behavior is controlled by genetics and breeding TERM 39

Environment is more important than genetics

DEFINITION 39 Nature vs. Nurture TERM 40

If you are born shy, you will always be shy

DEFINITION 40 Early experience vs. later experience

Every stage of life is quantitatively different

from the previous stage

Continuity vs. Discontinuity TERM 42

The influence of genes and environment is bi-

directional

DEFINITION 42 Epigenetics TERM 43

When genes have different effects depending

on whether they come from the mother or

father

DEFINITION 43 Genetic imprinting TERM 44

The influence of the child's genetics on

determining it environment

DEFINITION 44 Scarr's niche-picking theory