Exam 1 Study Guide | Introduction to Psychology | PSYC 1101, Exams of Psychology

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PSYC1101: First Exam Study Guide What is Psychology and what makes it unique as a field of study? What does the empirical method consist of? What were Hippocrates, Gall, Wundt, and James known for and why are they important to the history of Psychology? Be familiar with the predominant perspectives in the field of Psychology today (e.g., biological, cognitive, learning) and be able to identify examples of each. How do the basic and applied areas of Psychology differ from one another? What are some different types of applied Psychologists and how do they differ from other mental health professionals? What training is required to become a Psychologist? Be familiar with the steps for critical thinking and be able to critique examples of non-critical thinking. Be familiar with the types of research methodologies used in the field of psychology, including descriptive (correlational), experimental, quasi-experimental, and hereditability research. Know the advantages and limitations of each. What are the differences between experimental and non-experimental research? Be familiar with the following research terms: operational definition, reliability, validity, normative group, representative sample, independent variable, dependent variable, experimental versus control conditions, random assignment, placebo condition, single and double-blind research designs. Know how to interpret correlational statistics (what the sign means and what the number means). Be familiar with the types of descriptive statistics and know when researchers would use inferential statistics. What is a meta-analysis? What is the trait (factor analysis) approach to personality and how does it differ from the other theoretical perspectives on personality we discussed? What are the “Big 5” personality traits? Be familiar with Freud’s theory of personality development and more recent psychodynamic approaches (Jungian Theory and Object Relations). What are defense mechanisms, in general, and what are the specific defense mechanisms we discussed in class (be able to identify examples)? What is the nature versus nurture debate in psychology? How much of our personality appears to be due to nature versus nurture? How does behaviorism differ from the social learning perspective when it comes to explaining how people develop their personality? Which appears to contribute more to personality variability, after factoring out the influence of genetics: the shared or the unshared environment? What does the humanistic view of personality consist of? Who were the contributors in this movement that we discussed in class and what were their ideas about congruence, unconditional positive regard, self- actualization, and existential crises? What can adversely impact prenatal development? What are reflexes and how do they aid infant survival? What is attachment and how does this aid in survival? Be familiar with the research on attachment discussed in class (Ainsworth’s research using the strange situation test and Harlow’s research with rhesus monkeys). How does language develop? Be familiar with Piaget’s and Erikson’s stages of development, along with theories of moral development. How does aging during adulthood affect cognition? What child-rearing practices are suggested by the textbook authors (pp.89-91, p.108)? Be familiar with the process of identity formation in adolescence General Exam Instructions

1. Bring at least one number 2 pencil with a good eraser.

2. Come to class on time. The exam will start promptly! No one will be allowed to begin the exam after the first answer sheet has been turned in and no one will be allowed to continue the exam past the end of class.
3. Use the bathroom before class and bring tissues, cough drops, etc. if you anticipate needing them. No one is to leave the classroom until ready to turn in their answer sheet.
4. If worn, hats must be reversed during the exam. Cell phones (turned off), snacks/drinks, and study materials need to be stowed out of sight at the beginning of the exam.
5. When you are done with the exam you will need to turn in your answer sheet and exam copy. NO TEST COPIES MUST LEAVE THE CLASSROOM!!!!!!!
6. Exam grades will be posted at the end of the hallway past the psychology department by the last four digits of your AASU ID number, or the other four digit number you chose to use. Every attempt will be made to score your exams and post grades in a timely manner. You are encouraged to come to my office hours if you have questions about your exam score after grades have been posted. We will not have time to review all exam questions in class. It is your responsibility to see me if you are interested in reviewing your exam. As usual, I am happy to arrange for an alternate time if my office hours do not work with your schedule.