Exam 3 Crousilac | BIOL 1001 - GENERAL BIOLOGY, Quizzes of Biology

Download Exam 3 Crousilac | BIOL 1001 - GENERAL BIOLOGY and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Cytoplasm, No DEFINITION 1 Where does Glycolysis happen?Is oxygen required? TERM 2 Six-Carbon glucose goes in Two pyruvic acids come out DEFINITION 2 What enters glycolysis?What comes out? TERM 3 NAD 2 ATPS DEFINITION 3 What gets reduced during glycolysis?How many net ATPs are produced? TERM 4 Activation Phase of Glycolysis DEFINITION 4 the energy of two ATP molecules is used to convert glucose to the highly reactive fructose biophosphate, which splits into two reactive molecules of G3P TERM 5 Harvest Phase of Glycolysis DEFINITION 5 the two G3P molecules undergo a series of reactions that generate four ATP and two NADH molecules TERM 6 It doesn't occur in mitochondria DEFINITION 6 Glycolysis is distinct from cellular respiration because TERM 7 Fermentation DEFINITION 7 If there is no oxygen present then the pyruvic acid molecules from glycolysis go through____. TERM 8 No DEFINITION 8 Is oxygen required in fermentation? TERM 9 Regenerates NAD No ATP made DEFINITION 9 What gets produced during fermentation?Is ATP made? TERM 10 To allow glycolysis and regenerate NAD DEFINITION 10 What is the purpose of fermentation? TERM 21 Electrons for NADH and FADH2 DEFINITION 21 What enters the electron transport chain? TERM 22 90% of ATP in cellular respiration DEFINITION 22 How many ATPs get produced during electron transport chain? TERM 23 Uses energy from electron transfers to make ATP via oxidative phosphorylation DEFINITION 23 Does the electron transport chain directly make ATP? TERM 24 From the matrix into the inner membrane compartment DEFINITION 24 Where do protons get pumped during electron transport stage? TERM 25 Electrons combine with oxygen and hydrogen ions in the matrix to form water. DEFINITION 25 Where do the electrons that enter eventually end up? What does this make? TERM 26 Chemiosmosis DEFINITION 26 the coupling of exergonic electron flow down an electron transport chain to endergonic ATP production by the creation of a proton gradient across a membraneThe inner mitochondrial membrane is the site of ATP synthesis TERM 27 3 DEFINITION 27 For every NADH that feeds into the electron transport chain __ protons are moved from the matrix to the intermembrane compartment TERM 28 2 DEFINITION 28 For every FADH2 that feeds into the election transport chain __ protons are moved from matrix to intermembrane compartment TERM 29 ATP DEFINITION 29 For every proton that crosses back into the mitochondrial matrix one ___ is synthesized. TERM 30 feedback inhibition DEFINITION 30 Cells can switch off the pathways they don't need by ___ TERM 31 Cellular respiration takes a break DEFINITION 31 ATP/ADP highenergy high TERM 32 increase cellular respiration levels DEFINITION 32 ATP/ADP lowenergy low TERM 33 Used during harvest phase. To add phosphate group to intermediates. DEFINITION 33 During glycosis, why is ATP needed? TERM 34 When there isn't enough oxygen to start cellular respiration. DEFINITION 34 When do our cells perform fermentation? TERM 35 To produce NAD DEFINITION 35 Why do our cells perform fermentation? TERM 46 Chromatin;proteins DEFINITION 46 Chromosomes are threadlike structures composed of ____, which DNA and ____ are bound to it. TERM 47 centromeres DEFINITION 47 Chromatids are connected at _____ TERM 48 Two identical sister chromatids DEFINITION 48 DNA replication produces a replicated chromosome with __________ TERM 49 Homologous Chromosomes DEFINITION 49 a pair of chromosomes that contain the same genes same size same centromere position same staining pattern not the same as replicated chromosomes TERM 50 your mother and one from you father DEFINITION 50 For each pair of homologous chromosomes, you received one chromosome from TERM 51 autosomes DEFINITION 51 non-sex chromosomes22 pairs in a healthy non-sex cell TERM 52 Diploid DEFINITION 52 condition where cells have pairs of homologous chromosomes zygotes TERM 53 Haploid DEFINITION 53 condition where cells contain one set of chromosomes gametes TERM 54 Chromatin condenses Spindle forms DEFINITION 54 Early prophase of Mitosis TERM 55 Late Prophase of Mitosis DEFINITION 55 Nuclear envelope disappears Microtubules from spindle attach to the kinetochore of chromosomes Polar microtubules radiate toward the cell's equator. Each microtubule attaches to a separate sister chromatid TERM 56 Chromosomes move to and align on the equator of the cell DEFINITION 56 Metaphase stage of Mitosis TERM 57 Anaphase of Mitosis DEFINITION 57 Sister chromatids divide into separate daughter chromosomes and move toward opposite poles Movement of the chromosome is accomplished by depolymerization of the microtubules at the kinetochore (break apart) Cell begins to elongate because the polar microtubules slide past each other an push the poles apart TERM 58 Telophase Stage of Mitosis DEFINITION 58 Daughter chromosomes arrive at poles Kinetochore microtubules disappear Polar microtubules elongate (pushing out on the ends of the cells) helps cause the formation of the cleavage furrow. Daughter nuclear envelopes form Chromatin begins de-condensing TERM 59 Two identical daughter cells with nucleus and half the cyrtoplasm DEFINITION 59 How many daughter cells are produced in Mitosis? TERM 60 Prophase I of Meiosis I DEFINITION 60 Chromosomes condense Homologous chromosomes undergo pairing up Sister chromatids are linked at centromeres, non-sister chromatids are linked at chiasmata Genetic crossing over occurs Nuclear envelope disappears TERM 71 Homologous Chromosomes DEFINITION 71 What separates during meiosis I? TERM 72 Sister chromatids DEFINITION 72 What separates in meiosis II? TERM 73 Kinetochores DEFINITION 73 Protein structures on chromosomes where spindle fibers attach during mitosis Like handles on the chromosomes that the spindle fibers hold onto TERM 74 Asexual Reproduction DEFINITION 74 only one parent Singles parent passes on all its genes Rare genetic differences in offspring are the result of DNA changes or mutations TERM 75 Sexual Reproduction DEFINITION 75 Two parents give rise to offspring Each parent passes on half of its genes Greater the variation with offspring being genetically different from their parents and siblings TERM 76 Mitosis DEFINITION 76 Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Which process is most similar to asexual reproduction? TERM 77 Metaphase DEFINITION 77 During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell? TERM 78 Chromosomes wouldn't separate correctly DEFINITION 78 What would be the consequence of cell without kinetochores? TERM 79 Sister chromatids DEFINITION 79 Which of the following separates during mitosis? TERM 80 Your mother and father DEFINITION 80 Where do homologous chromosomes come from? TERM 81 Meiosis II DEFINITION 81 Which process is most similar to mitosis? TERM 82 Meiosis I DEFINITION 82 When does crossing over occur? TERM 83 Centromeres DEFINITION 83 Sister chromatids make contact with each other at?