Motivation Theories, Leadership Styles, and Communication in Organizations, Quizzes of Introduction to Business Management

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Maslow

whos theory?-needs are arranged in a hierarchy from low to high; people are motivated by their lowest unsatisfied needs TERM 2

Physiological, Safety

DEFINITION 2 What are Maslow's low order needs? TERM 3

Belongingness, Esteem, Self-Actualization

DEFINITION 3 What are Maslow's high order needs? TERM 4

Alderfer's ERG Theory

DEFINITION 4 whos theory?-people can be motivated by more than one need at a time TERM 5

Relatedness, Growth

DEFINITION 5 What are Alderfer's high order needs?

McCellend's Learned Needs

whos theory?-the degree to which particular needs motivate varies from person to person TERM 7

Affiliation, Achievement, Power

DEFINITION 7 what are considered McCellend's high order needs? TERM 8

Extrinsic Rewards

DEFINITION 8 what type of reward?-tangible and visible to others and are given to employees contingent on the performance of specific tasks or behaviors. TERM 9

extrinisic

DEFINITION 9 what type of reward?ex: health insurance, job security, a week or more of vacation TERM 10

Intrinsic

DEFINITION 10 what type of reward?-the natural rewards assoicated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.

Intrinsic

what type of reward?ex: interesting work, the opportunity to learn new skills, and independent work situations TERM 12

Equity Theory

DEFINITION 12 What theory?-people will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.-stresses the importance of perceptions-regardless of the actual level of rewards people recieve, they must also perceive that, relative to others, they are being treated fairly. TERM 13

Reinforcement Theory

DEFINITION 13 what theory?-behavior is a function of its consequences, behaviors followed by positivie conseqences will occur more frequently, and behaviors followed by negative consequences, or not followed by positive consequences, will occur less frequently TERM 14

reinforcement

DEFINITION 14 (changing behavior by changing consequences) is the process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior TERM 15

reinforcement contingencies

DEFINITION 15 type of reinforcement?-(cause and effect) are the cause-and- effect relationships between the performacne of specific behaviors and speicific consequences

a schedule of

reinforcement

type of reinforcement?-(timing) is the set of rules regarding reinforcement contingencies that specifies which behaviors will be reinforced, which consequences will follow those behaviors, and the schedule by which those consequences will be delivered. TERM 17

positive

reinforcement

DEFINITION 17 Components of Reinforcement Theory:______ ________: desirable consequences TERM 18

negative

reinforcement

DEFINITION 18 Components of Reinforcement Theory:______ ________: withholding an unpleasant consequence TERM 19

punishment

DEFINITION 19 Components of Reinforcement Theory:______ : applying an undesirable consequence TERM 20

extinction

DEFINITION 20 Components of Reinforcement Theory:______: remove positive consequences

Existence

what are alderfer's ERG lower order needs? TERM 22

a leader

DEFINITION 22 who is this describing?-drive, desire to lead, honest/integrity, self-confidence, emotional stability, cognitive ability, and knowledge of business TERM 23

leader

DEFINITION 23 leader vs. manager?-doing the right thing-"what should we be doing?"-vision, mission,goals, objectives-challenge the status quo-long-term view TERM 24

leader

DEFINITION 24 leader vs. manager?-expand people's options and choices- inspire and motivate people to find their own solutions- concerend with ends, what gets done TERM 25

manager

DEFINITION 25 leader vs. manager?-doing things right-"how can we do what we're already doing better?"-productivity and efficiency- preservers of status quo-short-term view

manager

leader vs. manager?-limit other's choices-solve problems so that others can do their work-more concered with means, how things get done TERM 27

Task

DEFINITION 27 Blake-Moulton Leadership Grid:Concern for _______: Getting the job done-plans and defines job to be done-assigns task responsibilty-sets clear work standards-urges task compeletion-monitors performance results TERM 28

Team Management

DEFINITION 28 Blake-Moulton Leadership Grid:Type of Managers:High people- High Task TERM 29

Authority-Obedience Management

DEFINITION 29 Blake-Moulton Leadership Grid:Type of Managers:- Low people - High Task TERM 30

Country Club Management

DEFINITION 30 Blake-Moulton Leadership Grid:Type of Managers:- High people - Low Task

Impoverished Management

Blake-Moulton Leadership Grid:Type of Managers:- Low people - Low Task TERM 32

Middle of the Road Management

DEFINITION 32 Blake-Moulton Leadership Grid:Type of Managers:noncommittal to both people and task TERM 33

People

DEFINITION 33 Blake-Moulton Leadership Grid:Concern for _______:-acts warm and supportive-develops social rapport-respects feelings of followers-sensitive to follower's needs-show trust in followers TERM 34

Fielder's Contingency Theory (style match

situation)

DEFINITION 34 whos theory?-in order to maxmimize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the right leadership situation. TERM 35

Fielder

DEFINITION 35 Who assumes leaders to be incapable of changing their leadership sytles?-the key matching leaders to situations

Power

the ability to get someone else to do something you want done or make things happen the way you want TERM 37

Position Power

DEFINITION 37 What type of power?-maager's offical status in organizationSources:-reward power: capability to offer something of value-Coercive power: capability to punish or reward-Legitimate power: organizational position or status confers the right to control those in subordinate positions TERM 38

Personal Power

DEFINITION 38 what type of power?-based on unique persoanl qualities a person brings to a situationsources:-expert power: capacity to influence others because of ones knowledge or skills- referent power: capacity to influence others because they admire you and want to identifiy with you TERM 39

perception

DEFINITION 39 the process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and retain information from their environments TERM 40

personality, psychology, experience based

DEFINITION 40 what are the three perception filters?

formal communication channel

the system of offical channels that carry organizationally approved messages and information TERM 42

informal communication channel

DEFINITION 42 the transmission of messages from employee to employee outside of formal communcation channels TERM 43

yes-and it provides opportunity to ask

questions

DEFINITION 43 is oral communication a rich communication channel? TERM 44

informal reports/bulletins

DEFINITION 44 which of these is the least rich communication channel? voicemail, telephone coversations, video conferneces, informal reports/bulletins, face-to-face TERM 45

face-to-face

DEFINITION 45 which of these is the most rich communication channel? voicemail, telephone coversations, video conferneces, informal reports/bulletins, face-to-face

grapevines

______ arise out of informal communication networks such as gossip chains and cluster chains-information flows freely and quickly through organization-studies have shown that _____ are highly accurate sources of informaiton. info moves through organization faster than formal communication channels, people can usually verify the accuracy of info by checking it out with others. TERM 47

gossip chain

DEFINITION 47 grapevines arise from this--one highly conncected individual shares information with many other managers and workers TERM 48

cluster chain

DEFINITION 48 grapevines arise from this--numerous people simply tell a few of their friends TERM 49

coaching

DEFINITION 49 communicating with someone for the direct purpose of improving the person's on-the-job performance-mistakes managers make: -waiting for a problem before _____ -waiting too long before talking to employee about problem TERM 50

counseling

DEFINITION 50 communicating with someone about non-job-related issues- managers should not be clinicans-discuss specific performance problems-listen if the employee shares personal issues-reccommend that employees call the company's Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

Non verbal communication

any communication that doesn't involve words; almost always accompanies verbal communication and may either support or contradict it.-Kinesics (movement): Body and Face -Arm and Hand Gestures -Facical Expressions -Eye Contact - Personal space TERM 52

paralanguage

DEFINITION 52 pitch, rate, tone, volume, speaking pattern (use of silences, pauses, or hesitations) of ones voice TERM 53

Feedback control

DEFINITION 53 type of control method:is a mechanism for gathering information about perfromance deficiences AFTER they occur.-monitors outputs-info is used to correct performance deficiencies or prevent future deficiences TERM 54

Concurrent Control

DEFINITION 54 type of control method:addresses the problems inherent in feedback control by gathering information about performance deficiencies AS they occur-monitors outputs TERM 55

Feedforward Control

DEFINITION 55 type of control method:is a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies BEFORE they occur.-monitors inputs

True

T or Fin most instances, any feedback is better than no feedback TERM 57

it always occurs after the fact, after

performance deficiencies have already

occured

DEFINITION 57 what is the downside to feedback? TERM 58

Balanced

Scorecard

DEFINITION 58 encourages managers to look at four different perspectives on company performance-customer perspective-internal perspecitive-innovation and learning perspective-financial perspective TERM 59

Balanced

Scorecard

DEFINITION 59 what forces managers at each level of a company to set speific goals and measure performace in four areasandminimizes the chances of suboptimization, which occurs when performance improves in one area at the expense of decreased performance in others. TERM 60

data mining

DEFINITION 60 is the process of discovering patterns and relationships in large amounts of data.

supervised data mining

type of data mining:usually begins with the user telling the data mining software to look and test for specific patterns and relationships in data set.-typically done through "what-if" questions TERM 62

unsupervised data mining

DEFINITION 62 type of data mining:the user simply tells the data mining software to uncover whatever patterns and relationships it can find in a data set. TERM 63

productivity

DEFINITION 63 is a measure of performance that indicates how many inputs it takes to produce or create an output.-the fewer inputs it takes the higher the ______.= outputs/ inputs TERM 64

products

DEFINITION 64 quality-related characterisitics for _______:-reliability: time between breakdowns-serviceability: ease of fixing -product failure-durability: average time to failure TERM 65

service

DEFINITION 65 Quality-related characterisitics for ______:-reliability: consistently perform a service well (matters most to customers)-tangibles: things you can see to indicate quality- responsiveness: promptness to give good service-assurance: providers are knowledgable, courteous, and trust worthy- empathy: individual attention to customers concers and problems