Exam Fundamentals of Nursing 8th Edition By Taylor-Test Bank graded A, Exams of Nursing

Download Exam Fundamentals of Nursing 8th Edition By Taylor-Test Bank graded A and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 By Fundamentals of Nursing 8th Edition Taylor-Test Bank Sample Test Chapter 3, Health, Illness, and Disparities The nurse is preparing a care plan for an African American man age 68 years who was recently diagnose hypertension. Age, race, gender, and genetic inheritance are examples of what human dimension? A) Physical B) Emotional C) Environmental D) Sociocultural Ans: A 1. Feedback: The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender. These components strongly influence a person’s health status and health practices. The emotional dimension fo on how the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions. The environmental dimension in influences such as housing, sanitation, climate, and pollution of food, air, and water. Sociocultural dimens health practices and beliefs strongly influenced by economic status, lifestyle, family, and culture. The mother of a toddler with asthma seeks support from the parents of other children with asthma. The n recognizes that seeking and utilizing support systems is an example of which human dimension? A) Sociocultural dimension B) Physical dimension C) Environmental dimension D) Intellectual and spiritual dimension Ans: A Feedback: Communicating with others and the use of support systems relate to the sociocultural dimension. An indiv relationship with others, being connected to a community, and feeling accepted and loved by others are a related to the sociocultural dimension. 2 2. Ans: A Feedback: The use of medications is characteristic of tertiary health promotion and illness prevention. Testing and sc are examples of secondary health promotion and illness prevention, while client education and political a are associated with primary prevention. An elderly resident of a long-term care facility has developed diarrhea and dehydration as a result of expo to clostridium difficile during a recent outbreak. The resident’s primary care provider has consequently pr the antibiotic metronidazole (Flagyl). Which model of health promotion and illness prevention is most clea evident in these events? A) The Agent-Host-Environment Model B) The Health-Illness Continuum C) The Health Promotion Model D) The Health Belief Model Ans: A Feedback: The presence of an infectious microorganism and the act of treating that agent are associated with the Ag Host-Environment Model of health promotion and illness prevention. The client’s beliefs about health are central in this scenario, and health promotion and the pursuit of health are not the most important prioritie 5 6. 6 this active treatment of illness. This client is not being characterized as existing on a point on a health con The nurse is performing a routine assessment of a male client who has an artificial arm as a result of a s plane crash many years earlier. How should the nurse best understand this client’s health? A) Despite the loss of his limb, the client may consider himself to be healthy. B) The client may be well, but his loss of limb means that he is unhealthy. C) The loss of his limb prevents the client from achieving wellness, though he may be healthy. D) Because the client’s injury is far in the past, it does not have a bearing on his health or wellness Ans: A Feedback: Individuals who live with chronic conditions, such as the loss of a limb, may accommodate their condition and consider themselves to be healthy and well. This is not a certainty, however, and the passage of time not guarantee such acceptance. 8. What phrase best describes health? A) Individually defined by each person 7. B) Experienced by each person in exactly the same way C) The opposite of illness D) The absence of disease Ans: A Feedback: Health is individually defined by each person and is affected by many factors. The most widely accepted definition of health is that it is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being—not the absenc disease or infirmity. Health is experienced differently by each person; it is not the opposite of illness, and not indicate the absence of disease. 9. Which of the following most accurately defines “illness”? A) The inability to carry out normal activities of living B) A pathologic change in mind or body structure or function C) The response of a person to a disease D) Achieving maximum potential and quality of life 7 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 Ans: C Feedback: In Stage 3, assuming a dependent role, the patient decides to accept the diagnosis and follow the prescri treatment plan. The person conforms to the opinions of others, often requires assistance in carrying out a of daily living, and needs emotional support through acceptance, approval, physical closeness, and prote A child age 4 years has leukemia but is now in remission. What does it mean to be in remission when one chronic illness? A) The chronic disease has been cured. B) Nothing further can be done in terms of treatment. C) Severe symptoms of the chronic illness have reappeared. D) The disease is present, but symptoms are not experienced. Ans: D 10 13. Feedback: Many chronic illnesses have periods of remission and exacerbation. During remission, the disease is pre the person does not experience symptoms. During exacerbation, the symptoms of the illness reappear. 14. What may happen to the family when one of the family members suffers an illness? A) Alterations in values and religious beliefs B) More public displays of affection C) Changes in roles for the client and family D) Increased resistance to stress Ans: C Feedback: When an illness occurs, roles change for both the client and the family. Chronic illnesses often result in in stress for the family, but responses by all members are individualized. 15. A baby is born with Down syndrome, which influences his health–illness status. This is an example of whi 11 the following human dimensions? A) Physical B) Emotional C) Environmental D) Sociocultural Ans: A Feedback: The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender. These components strongly influence the person’s health status and health practices. 16. Which of the following statements illustrates the effect of the sociocultural dimension on health and illness A) “Why shouldn’t I drink and drive? Everyone else does.” B) “My mother has sickle cell anemia, and so do I.” C) “I know I have heart problems, so I have changed my diet.” D) “I used biofeedback to lower my blood pressure.” 12 B) The health belief model C) The health–illness continuum D) The agent–host–environment model Ans: A Feedback: The health promotion model (Pender, Murdaugh, & Parsons, 2006) was developed to illustrate how peopl interact with their environment as they pursue health. The model incorporates individual characteristics a experiences and behavior-specific knowledge and beliefs, to motivate healthy behavior. A nurse is caring for a client who is in the remission state of leukemia. The client expresses anxiety about 20. recurrence of leukemia. The client feels depressed when thinking about the outcome of leukemia. Which of health is the client talking about? A) Physical health B) Emotional health C) Social health D) Spiritual health 15 Ans: B Feedback: Anxiety and depression are components of emotional health. The client is not feeling emotionally well bec worry about the disease outcomes. Currently the client is in remission and thus is physically healthy. The does not mention anything about social interactions and spiritual health. A nurse is educating women on the need for calcium to prevent bone loss. What level of prevention does represent? A) Primary prevention B) Secondary prevention C) Tertiary prevention D) Residual prevention Ans: A Feedback: Primary prevention or primary health care involves the education of clients in the prevention of disease. 16 21. A client states, “I must be in poor health because I am a senior citizen. That’s what my neighbor says and older than I am.” This statement is based on which of the following factors? A) Age B) Gender C) Peer influence D) Illness factors Ans: C Feedback: Peer influence, personality characteristics, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors may affect a person’s res to illness. An woman 80 years of age has had a cerebrovascular accident. She has flaccidity of her right side with a For this client, which of the following activities constitutes tertiary prevention? A) Assessment of her blood pressure B) Daily bleeding and clotting times 17 22. 23. 20 cultural backgrounds. This knowledge can be used to overcome barriers to health from disparities in care resulting from such factors as the increasing number of people without health insurance; a predicted upw trend in minority populations; and a lack of accessible and essential health care services for low-income a populations. Many people do not take advantage of low-cost screens and health care information. 26. On which of the following components is Rosenstock’s health belief model based? Select all that apply. A) Perceived susceptibility to a disease B) Perceived consequences of treating disease C) Perceived seriousness of a disease D) Perceived benefits of action E) Perceived immunity to disease Ans: A, C, D Feedback: The health belief model (Rosenstock, 1974) is concerned with what people perceive, or believe, to be tru themselves in relation to their health. This model is based on three components of individual perceptions of a disease: (1) perceived susceptibility to a disease, (2) perceived seriousness of a disease, and (3) pe benefits of action. 21 Which of the following nursing interventions is an example of health promotion and preventive care on the primary level? Select all that apply. A) A nurse counsels a teenager to stop smoking. B) A nurse conducts a health fair for high blood pressure screening. C) A nurse counsels the family of a client diagnosed with lung cancer. D) A home health care nurse arranges for rehabilitation services for a patient. E) A school nurse arranges for a career seminar for graduating seniors. Ans: A Feedback: Primary health promotion and illness prevention are directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury. Nursing activities at the primary level may focus on individua groups. Examples are immunization clinics, family planning services, providing poison-control information counseling about obesity and smoking cessation, and accident-prevention education. Conducting a high pressure screening and providing family counseling are secondary level preventive measures. Rehabilita career counseling fall under the tertiary level of preventive care. The nursing instructor has given an assignment to a group of nurse practitioner students. They are to bre 28. groups of four and complete a health-promotion teaching project, then present a report back to their fello students. What project is the best example of health-promotion teaching? A) Demonstrating an injection technique to a client for anticoagulant therapy 27. B) Explaining the side effects of a medication to an adult client C) Discussing the importance of preventing sexually transmitted disease to a group of 12th-grade s D) Instructing an adolescent client about safe food preparation Ans: C Feedback: Health promotion encourages people to live a healthy lifestyle and to achieve a high level of wellness. Dis the importance of STD prevention to a group of 12th-grade students is the best example of a health-prom teaching project. This makes the other options incorrect. A nurse is providing an educational event to a local group of disabled citizens. What would be important f nurse to be aware of when planning this event? A) The health promotion needs of the group the nurse is speaking to B) What the disability of each person is C) Wellness needs of each individual person D) What the families want you to talk about 22 29. D) Contagious Ans: B Feedback: Chronic illness encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health. Chronic illnesses u have a slow onset and many periods of remission (disease is present, but there are no symptoms) and exacerbation (symptoms of the disease reappear). COPD is not terminal (although there is no cure) and i contagious. A nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the importance of proper diet and regular exercise. an example of which type of health promotion? A) Primary health promotion B) Secondary health promotion C) Tertiary health promotion D) Chronic health promotion Ans: A Feedback: 25 33. Primary health promotion is aimed at promoting health and preventing the development of a disease. Exa of primary promotion are immunizations, family planning, the teaching of healthy diet, regular exercise, sa and safe sex. Secondary health promotion is aimed at early detection of the disease and treatment. Terti promotion begins after the disease is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of reducing disability and help rehab. The term chronic is not related to health promotion. An older adult male client is admitted to the cardiac ICU after suffering a heart attack. Upon taking a histo the client is stable, the nurse charts that he weighs over 275 pounds, has a history of heart disease in his 34. suffers frequent stress at work, drinks alcohol daily, and smokes two packs of cigarettes daily. What are s modifiable risks factors for this client that has attributed to his heart attack? Select all that apply. A) Alcohol intake B) Smoking C) Stress D) Age E) Family history F) Sex Ans: A, B, C Feedback: 26 27 The modifiable risk factors related to this client’s heart attack include stress, alcohol intake, and smoking. are things that a person can change. The others are nonmodifiable, as the client cannot change his age, history, or sex. A nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on health promotion and illness prevention. The nurse 35. explains the different levels of promotion. Which of the following does the nurse include when talking abo primary promotion? Select all that apply. A) Immunization clinics B) Poison control information C) Screenings for blood pressure D) Recommending mammograms for women E) Teaching about a healthy diet Ans: A, B, E Feedback: Primary health promotion is directed toward promoting good health and preventing disease. Examples in immunization clinics, providing poison control information, and accident prevention. Teaching about a hea diet, regular exercise, and using seat belts are other examples. Secondary health promotion focuses on screening for early detection of diseases with prompt diagnosis. Things included are screenings for blood pressure and cholesterol, recommending gynecologic exams, and recommending mammograms for wom appropriate ages. Feedback: The role of the nurse in reducing risk factors involves activities that promote health for all family members level of development. This consideration supersedes the importance of validating the family’s current way being or enlisting the help of others. Introducing the family to a “model” family is ethically and logistically questionable. 4. According to Maslow’s basic human needs hierarchy, which needs are the most basic? A) Physiologic B) Safety and security C) Love and belonging D) Self-esteem Ans: A Feedback: Physiologic needs, the most basic in the hierarchy of needs, are the most essential to life and have the hi priority. Physiologic needs include oxygen, water, food, temperature, elimination, sexuality, physical activi rest. 30 31 5. Which of the following is a tenant of Maslow’s basic human needs hierarchy? A) A need that is unmet prompts a person to seek a higher level of wellness. B) A person feels ambivalence when a need is successfully met. C) Certain needs are more basic than others and must be met first. D) People have many needs and should strive to meet them simultaneously. Ans: C Feedback: Maslow arranged the hierarchy to show that certain needs are more basic than others. Although all peop all the needs all the time, people generally strive to meet priority needs (at least to a minimal level) before attending to other needs. The hierarchy is also based on the theory that something is a basic need if it ha following characteristics: (1) its absence results in illness, (2) its presence helps prevent illness or signals (3) meeting the need restores health, (4) it is preferred over other satisfactions when unmet, (5) one feels something is missing when the need is not met, and (6) one feels satisfaction when the need is met. An woman 80 years of age states, “I have successfully raised my family and had a good life.” This statem illustrates meeting which basic human need? A) Safety and security B) Love and belonging 6. C) Self-esteem D) Self-actualization Ans: D Feedback: The highest level on the hierarchy of basic human needs is for self-actualization, which includes acceptan self and others, reaching one’s full potential, and feelings of happiness and affection for others. A boy age 2 years arrives at the emergency department of a local hospital with difficulty breathing from a asthmatic attack. Which of the following would be the priority nursing intervention? A) Giving him his favorite stuffed animal to hold B) Assessing respirations and administering oxygen C) Raising the side rails and restraining his arms D) Asking his mother what are his favorite foods Ans: B Feedback: 32 7.